Human Physiology in the Development of Performance

D681 12

Anaerobic Energy systems

Today’s Objectives

• Correctly identify what ATP is

• Correctly describe how ATP is broken down and rebuilt

• Correctly describe the anaerobic energy systems that the body uses to reproduce ATP

Learning Outcome 2

• pc (c) The function of the three energy systems is correctly outlined

• pc (d) The relationship between the cardio respiratory system and the three energy systems is accurately explained

ENERGY

Energy Systems

• In order to perform any functions within our body, we require energy

• The food that we eat contains energy rich substances, which we use to provide us with energy

• The energy from this food is used in order to ‘recycle’ a substance called ATP, which is essential for the energy process

• ATP is found naturally in our bodies and is stored in our muscles

Energy Systems

• The four main components from our diet and the environment that we need to make ATP and get energy for sport and fitness are;– Carbohydrates– Fats– Protein– Oxygen

Energy Systems

• ATP = Adenosine Tri Phosphate

• 1 Adenosine Molecule joined to three Phosphate molecules

• This is what an ATP molecule looks like:

i i i

Energy Systems

• The body uses various methods in order to produce more ATP

• The reason we need to produce it is so that we can break it down to release the energy stored within it

• We need access to this energy to be able to do muscular contractions

i i i

Energy Systems

• The reason we require to rebuild this ATP is because there is a limited supply in the muscles

• In order to rebuild ATP we require energy (from food) and a free phosphate (Pi) molecule

Chemical Cycle for Making and Breaking ATP

(Breaking):- ATP ADP + Pi + energy

(Making):- ADP + Pi + energy ATP

(ADP = Adenosine Di Phosphate)

Energy Systems

• The ATP stored in the muscles is limited and only provides enough energy to work for around 1-2 seconds

• What must we do now in order to continue moving?

• Make more (resynthesise) ATP

Energy Systems

• The body has three energy systems which will replenish our ATP/energy supply

• The three energy systems are;

ATP – PC System (Anaerobic)

Lactic Acid System (Anaerobic)

Aerobic System (Aerobic)

Aerobic and Anaerobic

• Aerobic; with oxygen

• Anaerobic; without oxygen

• The aerobic energy systems require oxygen to make more ATP

• The anaerobic energy systems make more ATP without using oxygen

Chemical Cycle for ATP-PC System

ATP ADP + Pi + energy (muscle contraction)

PC P + C + energy ADP + Pi + energy ATP

ATP-PC System• PC = Phosphocreatine • PC is stored in the muscle cells• PC is broken down to release energy which

can only be used to attach the free phosphate back on to ADP ATP

• This system is anaerobic as no oxygen is required and is used during high intensity exercise

• This supply of energy last about 10 seconds• It takes around 2 minutes to replace the

stores of PC once they have all been used, assuming oxygen is available

Task

• In your small groups write down as many activities / sports / exercises that you think will be powered by the ATP-PC system

• 2-10 secs

• Very High intensity

ATP → ADP + Pi + energyPC → P + C + energyADP + Pi + energy → Limited ATP

ATP-PC System

Activities that would use this system include;

• Sprinting (100m)

• Throwing (Javelin, Discus, Hammer)

• Jumping (High Jump, Diving)

• Hitting (Golf, Baseball)

• Weightlifting (Clean and Press)

• Providing energy to start exercise after a rest

Energy Systems

• If you want to continue movement once the PC stores have run out, and the ATP-PC system can no longer help the muscles require to get energy from elsewhere

• The next energy system used is called the Lactic Acid System which can also be known as Anaerobic Glycolysis

ENERGY

Lactic Acid System (Anaerobic Glycolysis)

Glycogen Glucose + energy

ADP + Pi + energy ATPGlucose Pyruvic Acid Lactic

Acid

Lactic Acid System

• Glycogen is the stored form of carbohydrates

• Glycogen can be stored in the liver and in the muscles

• The process of breaking down glycogen is called Glycolysis

• This system is anaerobic as no oxygen is required and is used in mod/high intensity ex

• This supply of energy lasts from 10 secs up till 2 or 3 mins

Lactic Acid System

• The main problem with this system is the production of Lactic Acid which causes the muscle to fatigue

• Depending on the intensity and the athlete’s ability to withstand lactic acid

• Full recovery from this system can take up to an hour if there is oxygen available

Task

• In your small groups write down as many activities / sports / exercises that you think will be powered by the Lactic Acid system

• 10 secs – 2/3 mins

• High intensity

ATP → ADP + Pi + energyPC → P + C + energyADP + Pi + energy → Limited ATP

Lactic Acid System

• Activities that would use this system include;

200m/400m/800m run

100m swim

Sprint finish of a 5,000m race

Anaerobic Summary

1-2 secs ATP in Muscles

2-10 secs ATP – PC System

10 secs – 2/3 mins Lactic Acid System

You Should Now Be Able To;

• Identify what ATP is

• Describe how ATP is broken down and rebuilt

• Describe the anaerobic energy systems that the body uses to reproduce ATP