Human Parasitic Helminthes - cgu.edu.tw
Transcript of Human Parasitic Helminthes - cgu.edu.tw
Human Parasitic Helminthes人體寄生蠕蟲
NEMATODA (Roundworms) 線蟲
TREMATODA (Flukes) 吸蟲
CESTODA (Tapeworms) 絛蟲
Nemathelminthes 線形蠕蟲Platyhelminthes 扁平蠕蟲
Class Trematoda 吸蟲綱
Phylum Platyhelminthes 扁形蟲門
Subclass:- Aspidogastrea 盾腹亞綱
- Monogenea 單殖亞綱- Digenea 複殖亞綱 (Greek: Dis - double, Genos - race)
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1. H. heterophyes異形異形吸蟲2. O. felineus貓肝吸蟲3. C. sinensis中華肝吸蟲4. P. westermani衛氏肺吸蟲5. F. hepatica牛羊肝吸蟲6. F. buski薑片蟲
複殖亞綱吸蟲形態特徵及基本構造
腸道
口吸盤
睪丸
卵巢
卵黃腺
子宮
腹吸盤
具神經系統、排泄系統、消化系統及雌雄生殖系統 (Monoecious)-血吸蟲除外
內部構造
吸盤 均具口吸盤(攝取食物)及腹吸盤(附著器官)
體腔 無體腔
形態扁平長形呈葉狀,不分節。長度由2mm至80mm。表皮有棘、結節或塉狀突起
Cephalic ganglia頭神經節Ventral nerve truck腹神經斡Lateral nerve trunk側神經斡Dorsal nerve trunk背神經斡
口吸盤口吸盤
腹吸盤
腸道
吸蟲消化系統
吸蟲排泄系統
食道及咽
盲腸
排泄小管焰細胞 焰細胞
排泄小管
排泄囊/排泄孔
吸蟲神經系統
腹吸盤
血吸蟲
吸蟲
總生殖室Common genital atrium
Uterus 子宮
Egg卵
Mehlis gland卵殼腺Ootype呈卵腔
Vitelline duct 卵黃管
Seminal receptable 受精囊
Laurer’s gland 勞氏管Ovary 卵巢
口吸盤 Oral sucker
生殖孔 Genital pore陰莖 Cirrus陰莖囊 Cirrus sac
前列腺 Prosate gland儲精囊 Seminal vesicle輸精管 vas deferens卵黃腺 Vitelline gland卵黃管 Vitelline duct
輸出管 vas efferentia
睪丸 testis
吸蟲生殖系統—雌雄同體 (Monoecious)
卵蓋
● Asexual Generation 無性生殖世代Multiplication of sporocyst or redia in 1st I.H.雷氏幼蟲或胞子幼蟲(血吸蟲)在中間宿主繁殖
Reproduction & Life Cycle
All flukes are oviparous (lay eggs)Eggs of all flukes, except for Schistosoma spp. are
operculated.所有吸蟲之蟲卵均具卵蓋(除血吸蟲外)
Cross-fertilization異體受精
Self fertilization自體受精
ORAND
● Sexual Generation 有性生殖世代Production of eggs by adults in final host 成蟲在終宿主產卵
General Trematode Life Cycle
1st Intermediate Host第一中間宿主淡水螺類
2nd Intermediate Host第二中間宿主
甲殼類 Crustacean水生植物 Water plants
魚類 Fishes昆蟲 Insects
Sporocyst胞子幼蟲
Miracidium纖毛幼蟲
Cercaria尾動幼蟲
Redia雷氏幼蟲
Final Host 終宿主Mammals
HumanAdult worm成蟲
Egg蟲卵 進入水中蜉化或被螺類吞食
Metaceraria囊狀幼蟲
有性生殖期
診斷期
感染期
無性生殖期
Egg (蟲卵)
• The egg contains an embryo rather than an oocyte• Eggs are shed at different degrees of maturity by different flukes• Eggs have to leave the body of the final host to continue development• The mature miracidium within the egg uses light, osmolarity and temperature
as clues to when hatching is appropriate• Hatching proceeds in most species through a preformed “door” the operculum
General Trematode Life Cycle
牛羊肝吸蟲 衛氏肺吸蟲 中華肝吸蟲 曼森血吸蟲
Miracidium (纖毛幼蟲)• The miracidium is highly motile due
to the cilia on its surface• Miracidia have simple eyes (they
avoid light) and several chemical and mechanical receptors which they use to find the intermediate snail host
• Penetration glands secrete proteases and other lytic enzymes on contact with appropriate host
• Miracidia of flukes use land snails as intermediate host will hatch upon ingestion by the snail and penetrate the gut epithelium
General Trematode Life Cycle
Sporocyst (胞子幼蟲)
• After penetration the miracidum undergoes metamorphosis into the sporocysts
• This stage has most organ systems reduced to the bare minimum and acts as a germinal sac (germ ball)
• The sporocyst takes up nutrients only over its tegument and the germinal mass expands and develops into
daughter sporocysts, redia or cercaria
General Trematode Life Cycle
胚球子胞子幼蟲雷氏幼蟲尾動幼蟲
胚細胞球(胚球)
子胞子幼蟲
Redia (雷氏幼蟲)• Sporocyst can produce cercaria or a next
amplification generation the redia• Redia have features of the adult fluke like
oral and ventral sucker, a gut and “birth pore” to release cercaria
• Redia are mobile in the snail and can prey on sporocysts and redia of the same or other species (competition)
General Trematode Life Cycle
尾動幼蟲
Cercaria (尾動幼蟲)• Cercaria are the stages that leave the
intermediate host and infect the final host• There can be many consecutive waves of
“shedding” from the snail• Cercaria already show many anatomical
features of the adult fluke
General Trematode Life Cycle
Metacercaria (囊狀幼蟲)• Reflecting the ecology of their hosts cercaria have
developed an array of adaptations to achieve successful infection
• Encystation within the muscle of intermediate hosts e.g. metacercaria in fish (Clonorchis)
• Encystation on plants (Fasciola)• Direct penetration of host skin upon water contact
(Schistosoma)
General Trematode Life Cycle
囊狀幼蟲
Intestinal Flukes 腸吸蟲Fasciolopesis buski 布氏薑片蟲Metagonimus yokogawi 橫川異形吸蟲Heterophyes heterophyes 異形異形吸蟲Echinostoma ispp. 棘口吸蟲Gastrodiscoides hominis 人雙口吸蟲
Lung Flukes 肺吸蟲Paragonimus westermani 衛氏肺吸蟲
Blood Flukes 血吸蟲Schistosoma mansoni 曼森血吸蟲Schistosoma japonicum 日本血吸蟲Schistosoma haematobium 埃及血吸蟲Schistosoma mekongi 湄公血吸蟲Schistosoma intercalatum 間插血吸蟲
Liver Flukes 肝吸蟲Clonorchis sinensis 中華肝吸蟲Opisthorchis felineus 貓肝吸蟲Opisthorchis viverrini 泰國肝吸蟲Fasciola hepatica 牛羊肝吸蟲Dicrocoelium dentriticum 槍狀肝吸蟲
Trematodes 吸蟲
Other Flukes Eurytrema spp. 胰吸蟲
Some Worldwide Statistics on Trematoda*Crompton, D.W.T. 1999. How much human helminthiasis is there in the world? Journal of Parasitology 85(3): 397-403.
Clonorchis sinensisEchinostomes
Fasciola hepatica; F. gigantica
Fasciolopsis buskiHeterophyids
Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus
Paragonimus spp. Schistosomiasis
7 million 150,000
2.4 million
210,000900,000
10.3 million
20.7 million201 million
Disease / species Number of people infected worldwide
Number of yearly deaths worldwideunknown
unknown; few
unknown; few
unknown; fewunknown; few
unknown
unknown; fewperhaps 20,000
中華肝吸蟲
棘口吸蟲
牛羊肝吸蟲
薑片蟲
異形吸蟲
泰國/貓肝吸蟲
肺吸蟲
血吸蟲
Drugs Treatment of Hermaphroditic Trematodes
Praziquental
Bithional
Niclosamide
A halogenated diphenyl sulphide used for against trematode & cestode infections. It interfere the ATP production in the parasite
A chlorinated diphenyl derivatives.
A pyrazino-isoquinoline compound.Cause the worm to detach.