Human Computer Interface - Welly

8/6/2019 Human Computer Interface - Welly

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HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

B.TECHUNIT 1 PPT SLIDES

TEXT BOOKS:

The essential guide to user interface design,Wilbert O Galitz, Wiley DreamaTech.

Designing the user interface. 3rd Edition Ben

Shneidermann , Pearson Education Asia.No. of slides: 34


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INDEXUNIT 1 PPT SLIDES

S.NO. TOPIC LECTURE NO. PPTSLIDES

1 Introduction L1 L1.1TO L1.8Importance of user Interface

2 Importance of good design L2 L2.1 TO L2.43 Benefits of good design L3 L3.1 TO L3.84 History of Screen design L4 L4.1 TO L4.105 REVISION L5


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lecture 1 slide 1

Humancomputer interact ion (HCI), alternat ively

manmach ine interact ion (MMI) or computerhuman interact ion (C HI) is the s tudy of interact ionbetween people (u s er s ) and computer s .


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lecture 1 slide 2

W ith today' s technology and tool s, and our mot ivat ion

to create really effect ive and u s able interface s and

s creen s, why do we cont inue to produce s ys tem s that are ineff ic ient and confu si ng or , at wor s t, ju s t pla in

unu s able? Is i t becau s e:

1.W

e don't care?

2. W e don't po ss e ss common s en s e?

3. W e don't ha ve the time?

4. W e s till don't know what really ma ke s good de si gn?


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lecture 1 slide 3

Def in ition

"Human-computer interact ion is a d is c ipl ine concerned

w ith the de si gn , e valuat ion and implementat ion of

interact ive comput ing s ys tem s for human u s e and w ith

the s tudy of ma jor phenomena s urround ing them ."


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lecture 1 slide 4

G oal s

A ba si c goal of HCI is

to impro ve the interact ion s between u s er s and computer s

by ma king computer s more u s able and recept ive to the u s er' s

need s.

A long term goal of HCI is to de si gn s ys tem s that m in im ize the barr ier between the human' s

cogn itive model of what they want

to accompl is h and the computer' s under s tand ing of the u s er' s ta sk


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lecture 1 slide 5

W hy is HCI important?

Us er-centered de si gn is gett ing a cruc ial role!

It is gett ing more important today to increa s e

compet itivene ss vi a HCI s tud ie s (N orman , 1990 )

High-co s t e-tran s format ion in ve s tment s

Us er s lo s e time w ith badly de si gned product s and s er vice s

Us er s e ven g ive up u si ng bad interface

Ineffect ive allocat ion of re s ource s


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lecture 1 slide 6

Def in ing the Us er InterfaceUs er interface , de si gn is a s ub s et of a f ield of s tudy called

human-computer interaction (HCI).Human-computer interact ion is the s tudy , plann ing , and

de si gn of how people and computer s wor k together s o that

a per s on' s need s are s at is f ied in the mo s t effect ive way .HCI de si gner s mu s t con si der a var iety of factor s :

what people want and expect , phy si cal lim itat ion s and ab ilitie s

people po ss e ss,

how informat ion proce ssi ng s ys tem s wor k,

what people f ind en joyable and attract ive .

Techn ical character is tic s and lim itat ion s of the computer hardware

and s oftware mu s t al s o be con si dered .


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lecture 1 slide 7

The user interface is t

the part of a computer and its s oftware that people can s ee , hear ,

touch , tal k to , or otherw is e under s tand or d irect .

The u s er interface ha s e ss ent ially two component s : input

and output .

I nput is how a per s on commun icate s h is / her need s to the

computer . S ome common input component s are the keyboard , mou s e ,

trac kball , one' s f inger , and one' s v o ice .

O utput is how the computer con vey s the re s ult s of its

computat ion s and re-qu irement s to the u s er .

Today , the mo s t common computer output mechan is m is the

d is play s creen , followed by mechan is m s that ta ke ad vantage of a

per s on' s aud itory ca-pab ilitie s : vo ice and s ound .


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lecture 1 slide 8

The u s e of the human s en s e s of s mell and touch output in

interface de si gn s till rema in largely unexplored .

P roper interface de si gn w ill pro vide a m ix of well-de si gned

input and output mech-an is m s that s at is fy the u s er' s

need s, capab ilitie s, and lim itat ion s i n the mo s t effect ive

way po ssi ble .

The be s t interface is one that it not not iced , one that

perm its the u s er to focu s on the informat ion and ta sk at

hand , not the mechan is m s u s ed to pre s ent the in-format ion

and perform the ta sk.

bac k


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lecture 2 slide 1

The Importance of G ood De si gnW ith today' s technology and tool s, and our mot ivat ion to

create really effect ive and u s -able interface s and

s creen s, why do we cont inue to produce s ys tem s that

are ineff ic ient and confu si ng or , at wor s t, ju s t pla in

unu s able? Is i t becau s e:

W e don't care?

W e don't po ss e ss common s en s e?

W e don't ha ve the time?

W e s till don't know what really ma ke s good de si gn?


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lecture 2 slide 2

B ut we ne ver s eem to ha ve time to f ind out what ma ke s

good de- si gn , nor to properly apply it. After all , many of u s

ha ve other th ing s to do in add ition to de si gn ing interface sand s creen s.

S o we ta ke our be s t s hot g iven the wor kload and time

con s tra int s i mpo s ed upon u s. T he re s ult , too often , iswoefully inadequate .

Interface and s creen de si gn were really a matter of

com-mon s en s e , we de veloper s would ha ve been produc ing almost identical s creen s for repre s ent ing the

real world .


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lecture 2 slide 3

Example bad designs Closed door with complete wood

suggestion : glass door


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lecture 2 slide 4

The Importance of the Us er InterfaceA well-de si gned interface and s creen is terr ibly important to our u s er s. I t is the ir w indow to view the capab ilitie s of

the s ys tem .

It is al s o the veh icle through wh ich many cr itical ta sks are pre s ented . T he s e ta sks often ha ve a d irect impact on an organ izat ion' s relat ion s w ith its cu s tomer s, and itsprof itab ility .

A s creen' s layout and appearance affect a per s on in a var iety of way s. I f they are con-fu si ng and ineff ic ient ,people w ill ha ve greater d iff iculty in do ing the ir job s and w ill ma ke more m is ta ke s.

P oor de si gn may e ven cha s e s ome people away from a s ys tem permanently . It can al s o lead to aggra vat ion ,fru s trat ion , and increa s ed s tre ss .

bac k


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lecture 3 slide 1

The B enef its of G ood De si gn

P oor clar ity forced s creen u s er s to s pend one extra s econd per s creen .

Almo s t one add itional year would be requ ired to proce ss all s creen s.

Twenty extra s econd s i n s creen u s age time add s an add itional 14 per s on year s .

The benef its of a well de si gned s creen ha ve al s o been under

exper imental s crut iny for many year s.

One re s earcher , for example , attempted to impro ve s creen clar ity and readab ility by ma king s creen s le ss crowded .

S eparate item s, wh ich had been comb ined on the s ame d is play line to

con s er ve s pace , were placed on s eparate line s i n s tead .

The re s ult s creen u s er s were about 20 percent more product ive w ith the le ss crowded ver si on .


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lecture 3 slide 2

P roper formatt ing of informat ion on s creen s doe s ha ve a

si gn if icant po si tive effect on performance .

In recent year s, the product ivi ty benef its of well-de si gned W

eb page s ha ve al s o been s crut in ized .

Tra in ing co s ts are lowered becau s e tra in ing time is

reduced

s upport line co s ts are lowered becau s e fewer a ssis t call s

are nece ss ary .

employee s at is fact ion is i ncrea s ed becau s e aggra vat ion

and fru s trat ion are reduced .

Ultimately , that an organ izat ion' s cu s -tomer s benef it

becau s e of the impro ved s er vice they rece ive .


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lecture 3 slide 3

Ident ifying and re s ol ving problem s dur ing the de si gn and

de velopment proce ss al s o ha s si gn if icant econom ic

benef its

How many s creen s are u s ed each day in our technolog ical

world?

How many s creen s are u s ed each day in your organ izat ion? Thou s and s ? Million s ?

Imag ine the po ssi ble s a ving s. P roper s creen de si gn m ight

al s o , of cour s e , lower the co s ts of replac- ing "bro ken "PCs.


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lecture 3 slide 4

A B r ief His tory of the Human- Computer Interface

The need for people to commun icate with each other ha s

ex is ted si nce we f ir s t wal ked upon th is planet .The lowe s t and mo s t common le vel of commun icat ion mode swe s hare are mo vement s and ge s ture s.

Mo vement s and ge s ture s are language- independent , that is,they perm it people who do not s pea k the s ame language to deal with one another .

The next h igher le vel , i n term s of un iver s al ity and complex ity , iss po ken language .

Mo s t people can s pea k one language , s ome two or more . As po ken language is a very eff ic ient mode of commun icat ion if both part ie s to the commun icat ion under s tand it.


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lecture 3 slide 5

At the th ird and h ighe s t le vel of complex ity is wr itten

language . W h ile mo s t people s pea k, not all can wr ite .

B ut for tho s e who can , wr iting is s till nowhere near a seff ic ient a mean s . of commun icat ion a s s pea king .

In modem time s, we ha ve the typewr iter , another s tep

upward in commun icat ion complex ity .

Si gn if icantly fewer people type than wr ite . (W h ile a

pract iced typ is t can f ind typ ing fa s ter and more eff ic ient

than handwr iting , the un ski lled may not f ind th is the ca s e .)

S po ken language , howe ver , is s till more eff ic ient than

typ ing , regardle ss ' of typ ing ski ll le vel .


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lecture 3 slide 6

Through its f ir s t few decade s, a computer' s ab ility to deal

w ith human commun icat ion wa s i n ver s ely related to what

wa s ea s y for people to do .The computer demanded r ig id , typed input through a

keyboard; people re s ponded s lowly u si ng th is de vice and

w ith vary ing degree s of ski ll.The human-computer d ialog reflected the computer' s

preference s, con sis ting of one s tyle or a comb inat ion of

s tyle s u si ng keyboard s, commonly referred to a s

Command Language , Q ue s tion and An s wer , Menu

s elect ion , F unct ion Key S elect ion , and Form Fi ll-In .


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lecture 3 slide 7

Throughout the computer' s h is tory , de si gner s ha ve been

de velop ing , w ith vary ing degree s of s ucce ss, other

human-computer interact ion method s that ut ilize more general , w ide s pread , and ea si er-to- Iearn capab ilitie s :

vo ice and handwr iting .

S ys tem s that recogn ize human s peech and handwr iting

now ex is t, although they s till lac k the un iver s al ity and

r ichne ss of typed input .


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lecture 3 slide 8

Introduct ion of the G raph ical Us er Interface

The Xerox s ys tem s, A ltu s and STAR, i ntroduced the mou s e

and po int ing and s elect ing a s the pr imary human-computer

commun icat ion method .

The u s er si mply po inted at the s creen , u si ng the mou s e a s

an intermed iary .

The s e s ys tem s al s o introduced the graph ical u s er interface

a s we know it a new concept wa s born , re volut ion izi ng the

human-computer interface .

bac k


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lecture 4 slide 1

A B r ief His tory of S creen De si gnW h ile de veloper s ha ve been de si gn ing s creen s si nce a

cathode ray tube d is play wa s f ir s t attached to a computer ,more w ide s pread intere s t in the appl icat ion of good de si gn

pr inc iple s to s creen s d id not beg in to emerge unt il the

early 1970 s, when IB M in-troduced its 3270 cathode ray

tube text-ba s ed term inal .

A 1970 s s creen often re s embled the one p ictured in Figure 1.1. It u s ually con sis ted of many f ield s ( more than are

illu s trated here ) w ith very crypt ic and often un intell ig ible

capt ion s.


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lecture 4 slide 2

A B r ief His tory of S creen De si gnIt wa s vis ually cluttered , and often po ss e ss ed a command

f ield that challenged the u s er to remember what had to be keyed into it.

Amb iguou s me ss age s often requ ired referral to a manual

to interpret .Effect ively u si ng th is ki nd of s creen requ ired a great deal

of pract ice and pat ience .

Mo s t early s creen s were mono-chromat ic , typ ically pre s ent ing green text on blac k bac kground s.


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lecture 4 slide 3

TDX95210 THE CAR RENTAL COMPANY 10 /11 /16 10:25

NAME TEL RO _________________ ______________________ ____________________

PUD RD C RT MPD ___________ ________ _________ _________ __________

ENTRY ERROR XX 465628996 Q. 997

COMMAND

Figure 1.1 A 1970 s s creen .


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lecture 4 slide 4

At the turn of the decade gu idel ine s for text-ba s ed s creen

de si gn were f inally made widely a va ilable and many

s creen s began to ta ke on a much le ss cluttered loo k

through concept s s uch a s group ing and al ignment of

element s, a s i llu s -trated in Figure 1.2.

Us er memory wa s s upported by pro vid ing clear and

mean ingful f ield capt ion s and by lis ting command s on the

s creen , and enabl ing them to be appl ied , through funct ion

key s. M e ss age s al s o became clearer .


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lecture 4 slide 5

The s e s creen s were not ent irely clutter-free , howe ver .

In s truct ion s and rem inder s to the u s er had to be in s cr ibed

on the s creen in the form of prompt s or complet ion a id s

s uch a s the code s PR and S c .

Not all 1980 s s creen s loo ked like th is, howe ver . In the

1980 s, 1970 s -type s creen s were s till be ing de si gned , and

many s till re si de in s ys tem s today .


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lecture 4 slide 6

THE CAR RENTAL COMPANYRENTER

Name: _______________________ Telephone: ___________________

LOCATIONOffice: _______________________ Pick-up Date:__________________ Return Date: __________________

AUTOMOBILClass: ______(PR. ST. FU. MD. CO. SC)Rate: _____________________________

Miles per Day:______________________ The maximum allowed miles per day is 150.Enter Fl-Help F3-Exit F12=Cancel

Figure 1.2 A 1980s screen.


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lecture 4 slide 7

The ad vent of graph ic s yielded another m ile s tone in

the e volut ion of s creen de si gn , a s i llu s trated in Figure 1.3. W h ile s ome ba si c "de si gn pr inc iple s d id not

change , group- ing s and al ignment , for example ,

border s were made a va ilable to vis ually enhance group ing s, and button s and menu s for implement ing

command s replaced funct ion key s.


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lecture 4 slide 8


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lecture 4 slide 9

Mult iple propert ie s of element s were al s o pro vided ,

includ ing many d ifferent font siz e s and s tyle s, line

th ic kne ss e s, and color s.

The entry f ield wa s s upplemented by a mult itude of other

kind s of control s, i nclud ing lis t boxe s, drop-down

comb inat ion boxe s, s p in boxe s, and s o forth .

The s e new control s were much more effect ive in

s up-port ing a per s on' s memory , now si mply allow ing for s elect ion from a lis t in s tead of requ ir ing a remembered key

entry .


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lecture 4 slide 10

Complet ion a id s d is appeared from s creen s, replaced by

one of the new lis ting control s. S creen s could al s o be

si mpl if ied , the much more powerful computer s be ing able to qu ic kly pre s ent a new s creen .

In the 1990 s, our knowledge concern ing what ma ke s

effect ive s creen de si gn cont in-ued to expand . C oupled with e ver- impro ving technology , the re s ult wa s e ven greater

impro vement s i n the u s er-computer s creen interface a s the

new century dawned .


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END OF UNIT 1


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Human Computer Interface - Welly

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