HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

Protects organs Provides shape

Digestive System

The job function of the digestive system is to : Breakdown food to obtain usable nutrients for the body.

•Mechanical Digestion: Physical ripping, chewing and tearing of food.

• Peristalsis: Muscular contractions that push food through the digestive tract, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZCgF24HI_o

•Chemical Digestion: When food is chemically broken down by acids, enzymes or saliva

Why must we digest our food?

Your Hungry

Cells

Amino Acid

Amino Acid

.

esophagus stomach Small intestine

Largeintestine

RectumAnus

Excretory System has the job of removing wastes from the body.

The Urinary System

Nervous System•

Nervous System controls the actions of the entire body.

•The brain sends “electrical” messages along the nerves to make your body do things.

Nerves (Neurons)

•A nerve cell is made up of a cell body, dendrite, axon and synapse (see diagram below).

• “Electrical” messages sent around the body through nerve cells. You are born with all of the nerve cells you will ever have. Once damaged, they are gone forever. It is the only cell in the human body that can’t do mitosis (divide to make more of itself).

cell body

dendrite

axon

synapse

•Central Nervous System is made up of 2 parts: brainand spinal cord.

• The spinal cord is the link between the brain and the body.

The Brain• Cerebrum: controls all voluntary

actions (talking, hearing, thinking, learning senses).

•Cerebellum: Controls balance and coordination of movement in the body.

•Medulla: Controls all involuntary actions (breathing, heartbeat, pulse).

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Medulla

Which side of YOUR brain is more dominant?

https://braintest.sommer-sommer.com/en/index.html

Action or Experience Part of Brain

1. Tasting the sweetness of chocolate milk

Cerebrum

2. Sneezing Medulla

3. Hearing a favorite song Cerebrum

4. Learning to ride a bicycle Cerebellum

5. Studying for a life science test Cerebrum

6. Remembering last night’s dinner Cerebrum

7. Controlling the digestion of dinner

Medulla

8. Jumping on a trampoline Cerebellum

9. Coughing Medulla

10. Reading a novel Cerebrum

11. Sitting up straight in your chair Cerebellum

12. Composing a poem Cerebrum

13. Blinking your eyes Medulla

14. Talking on the phone with a friend Cerebrum

15. Breathing Medulla

16. Jumping rope Cerebellum

17. Daydreaming about summer vacation Cerebrum

18. Dancing Cerebellum

19. Watching a movie Cerebrum

20. Controlling our heart rate Medulla

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

1.Hormones: Regulatory substances produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

2. Target Organ: Specific organ on which hormones act.

3. Glands: Ductless glands which regulate metabolic reactions, chemical levels, or development stages of the body.

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory System Part

Function

MouthTakes in air.

NoseMoistens, warms andfilters air that is taken in.

PharynxBack of the throat. Brings air to the trachea (windpipe).

Larynx “Voice box” contains/holds the vocal cords.

Trachea “Windpipe” brings air into and out of the lungs.

BronchiTubes that lead to each lung.

LungsMain organ that takes in O

2

and gets rid of CO

2

.

Alveoli “Grape-like” clusters (found in the lungs) where the exchange of gas takes place.

EpiglottisFlap of tissue that closes the trachea(windpipe) when food or liquid are being swallowed.

Nasal passage

Pharynx ( throat)Larynx ( voice box)Trachea

Bronchial tubePleura

BronchioleAlveoli

Diaphragm

Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System

Functions

•Provides nutrients and oxygen through blood.•Carries away waste (CO2)

• Helps fight disease

CV System consists of 3 main parts:

• Heart, blood and blood vesselsThe Heart – consists of 4 chambers

•Atria – Top 2 chambers

•Ventricles – Bottom 2 chambers

•Valves allow blood to flow through each chamber

Blood

•Delivers O2, and nutrients to cells and carries away wastes•Composed of:

• Plasma – Watery fluid (about 55%)• Red blood cells – Contains hemoglobin, which

carries O2

• White Blood cells – Protects body against disease

• Platelets – Help blood clot

Blood Vessels – 3 types

•Artery • Carries oxygenated blood AWAY from

the heart

•Veins• Return blood TO the heart

•Capillaries• Very small vessels that connect arteries

to veins.

The heart pumps blood through thebody.

Pathway of Blood Flow Through the Heart

1. Blood enters heart through superior and inferior vena cava.2. The blood enters the right atrium. 3. Blood spills into right ventricle.4. Blood enters the pulmonary arteries.5. From here, blood goes to your lungs to pick up O2.

6. Oxygen rich blood returns to your heart through pulmonary veins.7. Blood enters left atrium.8. Blood enters the left ventricle.

9. Blood is pumped through the aorta and delivered to rest of body.

Humans have 4 chambers

2 Atria and 2 Ventricles

Atrium Atrium

Ventricle Ventricle

The atria contract together and the ventricles contract together.

The left and right sides of the heart are divided by a muscular wall called the septum.

Which two chambers always hold oxygen-rich blood?

Left atrium & left ventricle

Which two chambers always hold oxygen-poor blood?

Right atrium & right ventricle

Skeletal System

1.Provides shape and support.

2.Protects internal organs.3.Allows for movement

4. Produces red blood cells in the bone marrow.

5. Stores minerals.

There are 206 bones in your body. We were born with over 300 bones.

Muscular SystemWhat do muscles do?

•Allows movement•Enables voluntary and involuntary movement.

• Voluntary – Movements you can control.• ex. Shooting a basketball, playing a piano, etc.

• Involuntary – Occur without you knowing it.• ex. Muscles that help you breathe and make your heart beat.

The Three Types of Muscle

•Voluntary you can control!

•Involuntary - You cannot control the movement!

•Smooth Muscle: Acts on the lining of the body’s passageways and hollow internal organs.

• Found inside digestive tract, lining of blood vessels.

• Skeletal Muscle: Muscles attached to bone that cause body movements.• Skeletal muscles often work

together to perform contrastingmovements.

• Flexor – Muscle that closes a joint

• Extensor – Muscle that opens a joint• Example is when you bend

and straighten your arm at the elbow using your biceps and triceps.

SKELETAL MUSCLES VOLUNTARY MUSCLES

That are underyour control.

Cardiac Muscle:

Muscle that forms the walls of the heart.• Responsible for

the contraction of your heart.

• Involuntary