Human Body Systems Lesson 2 Terms and Definitions.
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Transcript of Human Body Systems Lesson 2 Terms and Definitions.
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Human Body Systems
Lesson 2 Terms and Definitions
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Major Organs of the Digestive System
1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
5. Large intestine
6. Rectum
7. Anus
http://www.pediatricfeeding.org/images/gi_anatomy/A_digestive_system.png
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Accessory Organs of the Digestive System
1. Tongue
2. Teeth
3. Salivary glands
4. Liver
5. Gallbladder
6. Pancreas
Accessory Organs are important for
mechanical and chemical digestion
produce or store enzymes
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What is the purpose of Digestion?
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Digestion
Purpose – break foods down into a form that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the cells of the body.
Digestion is NOT a single activity BUT a series of processes. (Mechanical and
Chemical)
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Mechanical Digestion
Mechanical Digestion – The physical breaking down, tearing, and mashing of
food from large to small pieces.
Example: Teeth tearing, tongue mashing, churning of food by muscles that line the
digestive tract.
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Chemical Digestion
Chemical Digestion – Breakdown of the chemical bonds in nutrients so that they can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Example: Enzymes breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
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Fun Facts…
Digestive Tract – Single convoluted tube
8-10 meters long
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Muscle Activity in the digestive tract
Peristalsis –wave like motions, caused by the muscles in the digestive tract, that move food slowly through the digestive
tract.
Crazy! – Peristalsis contractions are so strong that food would continue to
move through your digestive system if you stood on your head!
http://z.about.com/d/gymnastics/1/0/B/4/-/-/Step7.jpg
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Muscle Activity in the digestive tract
• Sphincters – rings of thickened muscle that control the passage of food from one organ to another– Keeps food moving in the same direction
(Down! Not back up!)
Example – lips and anus, but also between organs.
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Mucus
• Mucus – slippery secretion that coats the inner walls of the digestive tract and helps facilitate the movement of food.
Also coats the lining of the stomach and small intestine to prevent acidic gastric juices from eating away at the stomach lining.
http://www.thethinkingblue.com/pics/Stomachabc.jpg
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Small Intestine…
• Small Intestine (SI)– Where most nutrient absorption occurs in
duodenum (first 25 cm of SI)– Entire SI – 6-8 meters long
http://cache3.asset-cache.net/xc/85824240.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=C82013BE001AABCB31C0B7E4AA7CE1E8
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Large Intestine
• Food – all that’s left is waste or Feces!
What is a FART?
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A fart is…
• Flatus – intestinal gases produced bacteria feeding on undigested wastes.
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Digestive Timeline!
6 seconds
2 hrs
4 ½ hours
4-12 hours
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18 hours
12-24 hours