Human Anatomy & Physiology

Instructor: Jeff HargettBiology 2121

Important Information Email: jhargett@floyd.edu Background:

Full-Time Experience 28 years (Rome High)

Part-Time Experience 12 years (Floyd College)

Syllabus: On the web at: http://www.floyd.edu/academics/divisions/smpe/biology/jhargett/hargett.htm

Introduction: Anatomy

Study of the structure of living organisms surface anatomy gross anatomy embryology cytology histology

Physiology

Study of the function of body parts cell physiology pathophysiology exercise physiology immunology

Body Systems Integumentary system- external

support and protection of the body Skeletal system - internal support

and flexible framework for body movement

Muscular system - production of body movement and body heat

Respiratory system- gas exchange between environment and blood

Nervous system- controls and regulates all other systems of the body

Circulatory - transport of nutrients to body cells and waste products away from cells

Lymphatic system- body immunity and absorption of fats

Endocrine system- secretion of hormones

Urinary system - blood filtration and waste removal

Digestive system- breakdown and absorption of food

Reproductive system - production of egg and sperm as well as secretion of the sex hormones

Organization of Life

Structural Levels chemical cellular tissue organs organ systems

What is Life?Characteristics of Life

Organization Metabolism

catabolism anabolism

Responsiveness

Movement Growth Differentiatio

n Reproduction Homeostasis

“Homeostasis”

Constancy Within Narrow Limits

Feedback Loops

Negative feedback systems reverses original stimulus helps stabilize situation

Positive feedback systems enhancement of original stimulus

amplify/reinforce change

Anatomical Terminology

Antatomical Position Regional Terms

Axial Appendicular

Body Planes

Sagittal Midsagittal (Median) Parasagittal

Frontal (Coronal) Transverse (Cross Section) Oblique

Body Cavities Dorsal

Cranial Vertebral (Spinal)

Ventral Thoracic

Right & Left PleuralMediastinum (Pericardial)

Abdominopelvic

Abdominopelvic Subdivisions Abdominal Pelvic Quadrants Regions

Epigastric Umbilical Hypogastric Right & Left Hypochondriac Right & Left Lumbar Right & Left Iliac (inguinal)

Directional Terminology

Superior / Inferior Anterior (ventral) / Posterior

(dorsal) Medial / Lateral / Intermediate Proximal / Distal Superficial / Deep

Regional Terms Abdominal - anterior torso below

diaphragm Antebrachium - forearm Antecubital - Depressed area in

front of elbow

Arm - upper extremity between shoulder and elbow

Axillary - armpit Brachial - arm Buccal - mouth Carpal - wrist Cephalic - head Cervical - neck

Costal - ribs Cranial - skull Crural - leg Cubital - elbow Cutaneous - skin Digital - fingers or toes Dorsum or dorsal - back

Epigastric - upper middle area of abdomen

Facial - face Femoral - thigh Frontal - forehead Forearm - upper extremity between

elbow and wrist Gluteal - buttocks

Groin - root of thigh between torso and leg

Inguinal - groin Leg - Lower extremity between

knee and ankle Lumbar - Lower back Mammary - breast

Mastoid - Area of skull below and behind ear

Occipital - Back of lower skull Palmar - Palm of hand Pectoral - chest Pedal - foot Pelvic - lower torso

Perineal - area between anus and genitals

Precordial - chest area over heart Plantar - sole of foot Popliteal - behind knee Supraclavicular - above collar

bone Tarsal - ankle

Temporal - side of skull Thoracic - chest Umbilical - area around umbilicus

(navel) Volar - palm or sole