Human Anatomy & Physiology DIGESTIVE & EXCRETORY SYSTEMS Biology – Chapter 38 1.

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Human Anatomy & Physiology DIGESTIVE & EXCRETORY SYSTEMS Biology – Chapter 38 1

Transcript of Human Anatomy & Physiology DIGESTIVE & EXCRETORY SYSTEMS Biology – Chapter 38 1.

Page 1: Human Anatomy & Physiology DIGESTIVE & EXCRETORY SYSTEMS Biology – Chapter 38 1.

Human Anatomy & PhysiologyDIGESTIVE & EXCRETORY

SYSTEMS

Biology – Chapter 381

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Primary Function

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Convert foods into simpler molecules that the body can absorb and be used by cells

(Click)

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What & why do we need to eat?

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Nutrients – supply energy and raw materials for body to perform life functions

Water – all chemical reactions in your body require water

Carbohydrates – the main source of energy

Fats – helps produce membranes, myelin, some hormones

Proteins – raw materials for growth & repair, enzymes

Vitamins – organic molecules that help regulate body processes

Minerals – inorganic nutrients needed for bodily functions

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Anatomy of Digestion

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Digestive System Primary Organs:

Mouth, Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Accessory organs (add secretions to aid digestion):

salivary glands, pancreas, liver

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Pathways in the Mouth

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Back of mouth (pharynx) leads to TWO tubes:Esophagus (empties into stomach)Trachea (leads to lungs)

DON’T want food to clog trachea!

Direction controller = epiglottis

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The Esophagus

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Tube connecting the mouth and the stomach

Tongue and throat push chewed, moistened food (bolus) past the epiglottis into the esophagus

Bolus is moved through esophagus by involuntary muscular contractions (peristalsis)

(Click)

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Small Intestine

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Anatomy:3 parts-Duodenum-Jejunum-Ileum-Villi

Function:-Location where most food is digested & absorbed

Accessory organs:-Pancreatic enzymes (Starch, protein, fat)-Liver enzymes (Bile-fat digestion, stored in gall bladder)

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Large Intestine

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Anatomy: -Ascending colon-Appendix-Transverse colon-Descending colon

Primary Function:-Reabsorb water

Waste material passed to rectum (storage, bacterial colonies produce organic nutrients)

Excess waste released through anus

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Digestion Summary

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Excretory System

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Anatomy:SkinLungsLiverKidneys

Primary functions:Maintain homeostasisRemove toxic chemicals

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Kidneys

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Two kidneys in lower backFilter blood to remove waste products

Ureters connect to urinary bladder - removed through urethra

Kidney Anatomy:-Nephron-Filters out toxic waste-Reabsorbs water, essential nutrients

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Dialysis

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