Hugo Silveira Pereira - Universidade do Minho · de Trás os Montes: a linha do Tua. Quando a linha...

Hugo Silveira Pereira

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RAILWAYS IN TRÁS-OS-MONTES DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY: PROJECTS AND ACHIEVEMENTSCAMINHOS DE FERRO EM TRÁS OS MONTES NA SEGUNDA METADE DO SÉCULO XIX: PROJETOS E RESULTADOS

Hugo Silveira Pereira (U. Porto, Portugal)

Hugo José Silveira da Silva Pereira was born in Oporto in 1979. In 2005, he completed his History undergraduate program in the Arts and Humanities College of Oporto University. Three years later he completed his master program in Contemporary History in the same institution with an investigation about the relationships between the lower house of the Portuguese parliament and the construction of railways between 1845 and 1860. In 2008, he began his PhD program still in Oporto University.

Hugo Silveira Pereira nasceu no Porto em 1979. Em 2005, licenciou-se em História na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto. Aqui obteve, três anos depois, o grau de mestre em História Contemporânea com uma tese sobre a relação entre o parlamento português e a construção ferroviária no período compreendido entre 1845 e 1860. Em 2008 iniciou o seu curso de doutoramento ainda na mesma universidade.

Abstract ResumoIn the second half of the nineteenth century, after 30 years of political turmoil, the !"#$%$&'&()!*+",-.(/+'(0*+11.('!123(&*!$%-(#!(4&%2*(+(*&/(&,!*!)2,('#"+#&%.(

based on the development of transport infrastructures, essentially railways. The 3&51!.)&*#(!6(#-&(7&".(0"'#("+21'(!,,$""&3(2*(89:;<(-!/&7&"(#-&(0"'#(1+/(#-+#(3&,"&&3(

the building of a rail line to Trás-os-Montes (the one between Oporto and Pinhão, through the Douro valley) was only published in 1867, even though the projects and suggestions presented since the beginning of the second half of the nineteenth century in the Portuguese parliament to build railways in the far northeastern part of !"#$%+1(/&"&(*$)&"!$'=(>&'52#&(+11(#-2'<(#-&(0"'#(#"+2*'(/!$13(!*1.(#"+7&1(#-"!$%-(

the southern border of that region in the late 1870s. This paper aims to shed some light on this issue and to try to explain the reasons for that delay. We will then focus !$"(+*+1.'2'(!*(#-&(0"'#("+21"!+3(#-+#('&"7&3(#-&(-&+"#(!6(?"@'A!'AB!*#&'C(#-&(?$+(

railway. When the Douro line entered Trás-os-Montes, the efforts to grant other railroads through that province grew stronger. Several solutions were presented by the Portuguese engineers, but the Tua railway (from the Douro line to Mirandela)

Railroads in historical context: construction, costs and consequences

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ended up being the chosen one. To do all this, we will mostly use the debates that took place in both houses of the Portuguese Parliament and the reports of the Portuguese engineering since the beginning of the second half of the 19th century until the 1890s crisis which put the investment on public works on hold.

Na segunda metade do século XIX, e depois de trinta anos de agitada discussão, +()!*+"D$2+(5!"#$%$&'+(#&7&(0*+1)&*#&(6!"E+'(5+"+(2*2,2+"($)+(*!7+(&'#"+#F%2+(

económica baseada no desenvolvimento de infraestruturas de transportes, essencialmente baseada nos caminhos de ferro. Os primeiros troços começaram &)(89:;<()+'(+(5"2)&2"+(1&2(D$&(3&0*&(+(,!*'#"$EG!(3+(5"2)&2"+(12*-+(&)(?"@'(

os Montes (entre Porto e Pinhão, ao longo do vale do Douro) só foi publicada em 1867, embora tenham sido numerosos os projetos e sugestões apresentadas ao Parlamento, desde o inicio da segunda metade do século XIX, para construir linhas de caminhos de ferro na região nordeste de Portugal. Apesar de tudo isso, os primeiros comboios só começaram a circular através da fronteira meridional dessa "&%2G!(&)(0*+2'(3!'(+*!'(89HI=(

Este trabalho pretende lançar alguma luz sobre o assunto e tentar explicar as razões desse atraso. Focaremos a atenção na primeira linha a servir o centro de Trás os Montes: a linha do Tua. Quando a linha do Douro entrou em Trás os Montes, aumentaram os esforços para se criarem outras linhas na região. Os engenheiros portugueses propuseram várias soluções, mas a linha do Tua (entre a linha do Douro e a cidade de Mirandela) acabou por ser a escolhida. A nossa análise baseia-se largamente nos debates parlamentares que tiveram lugar em ambas as câmaras do Parlamento português e nos relatórios da engenharia portuguesa desde o principio do século XIX até à crise de 1890, que suspendeu muitos dos investimentos em obras públicas.


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Railways in Trás-os-Montes during the second half of the nineteenth century:

projects and achievements

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INTRODUCTION

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AN EARLY OBJECTIVE

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FINAL REMARKS

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!$%

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

ALMEIDA, Albino Francisco de Figueiredo e!(1851)!i!Vias de communicação@!a+7C)3^!H+=)(/060!>0!N.-+740!1)=',0/@

ASSOCIAÇÃO dos Engenheiros Civis Portugueses – Revista de Obras Públicas e

Minas@!a+7C)3^!2d!Q7.-./0,!:.0/7R@

ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS ENGENHEIROS CIVIS PORTUGUESES. Comissão encarregada de estudar a rede dos caminhos de ferro em Portugal (1878a)!i!Parecer da commissão encarregada de estudar a rede dos caminhos de ferro em

Portugal@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!%;!3@./!%#@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!DL$@!

ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS ENGENHEIROS CIVIS PORTUGUESES. Comissão encarregada de estudar a rede dos caminhos de ferro em Portugal (1878b)!i!Caminhos de ferro em Portugal@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!%;!3@./7!DFFLDFD@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!D$DLD%c@!

ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS ENGENHEIROS CIVIS PORTUGUESES. Comissão encarregada de estudar a rede dos caminhos de ferro em Portugal (1878c)!i!Relatorio ácerca do plano da rede geral dos caminhos de ferro em Portugal@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!%;!3@./7!DFSLDFc@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!S$%LcFE@!

BRANDÃO, Francisco Maria de Sousa (1878)!i!A rede dos caminhos de ferro em

Portugal@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!%;!3@./!%%@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!DE$LD#D@!

BRANDÃO, Francisco Maria de Sousa (1880)!i!Estudos de caminhos de ferro de via

reduzida ao Norte do Douro@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!DD;!3@./7!DSMLDS"@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!DEMLD$c@

GUERREIRO, João Veríssimo Mendes (1878)!i!Esboço da rede geral dos caminhos de

ferro em Portugal@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!%;!3@./7!DFFLDFD@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!D%ELSEE@!

LIMA, J. M. do Rego (1890)!i!Algumas palavras sobre as condições de adaptação da

industria siderurgica em Portugal@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!SD;!3@./7!SEMLSE"@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!D$$LSDS@

MACHADO, Joaquim Emídio Xavier (1879)!i! !"#$%$!&'! ()'*&$!'!+,$!*-.,'-/*$!+01#'!o caminho de ferro da Beira Alta@!~N.-+740!\+,+40/�;!4@!cD;!3@./!DD@!a+7C)3^!H+=)(/060!Z3+-./70,;!=@!cccLcED@

MONTENEGRO, Augusto Pinto de Miranda (1889)!i!A rede complementar dos

caminhos de ferro ao norte do Mondego@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!SF;!3@./7!Sc#LSc$@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!cDMLcED@


%F!

PIMENTEL, Frederico Augusto (1878a)!i!Caminhos de ferro em Portugal. Breves

#'.'23'+!4/'#/$!&0!#'($50#*0!+01#'!0!"($-0!&$!#'&'!6'#$(!&0+!/$)*-70+!&'!8'##0!')!

Portugal@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!%;!3@./!DFE@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!cD#LcS"@!

PIMENTEL, Frederico Augusto (1878b)!i!Prolongamento do caminho de ferro do

Douro. ~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!%;!3@./!DFE@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!ccMLcEM@!

PIMENTEL, Frederico Augusto (1890)!i!Caminhos de ferro. Apontamentos para calcular

o rendimento inicial provável de uma linha férrea@!a+7C)3^!2d@

PIMENTEL, Luís Augusto (1865)!i!Considerações estrategicas sobre o caminho de ferro

da Beira@!~N.-+740!\+,+40/�;!4@!D#;!3@./!Sc@!a+7C)3^!H+=)(/060!Z3+-./70,;!=@!MEcLME%@

PORTUGAL. Arquivo Histórico do Ministério das Obras Públicas, Conselho de Obras Públicas e Minas;!Q7.-./0,!C))?7R@

PORTUGAL. Arquivo Histórico do Ministério das Obras Públicas, Junta Consultiva de Obras Públicas e Minas;!Q7.-./0,!C))?7!03>!C)J.7R@

PORTUGAL. Arquivo Histórico-Diplomático;!7.-./0,!C)J.7@

PORTUGAL. Câmara dos deputados – Diário da Câmara dos Deputados@!a+7C)3^!2d!Q7.-./0,!:.0/7R@

PORTUGAL. Câmara dos Pares – Diário da Câmara dos Dignos Pares do Reino@!a+7C)3^!2d!Q7.-./0,!:.0/7R@

PORTUGAL. Governo – 90('/%:0!;</*$(!&'!='6*+($%:0!>0#5,6,'+$@!a+7C)3^!2d!Q7.-./0,!:.0/7R@

PORTUGAL. Governo – ?*4#*0!&'!=*+10-@!a+7C)3^!2d!Q7.-./0,!:.0/7R

PORTUGAL. Governo – Diário do Governo@!a+7C)3^!2d!Q7.-./0,!:.0/7R@

PORTUGAL. Ministério das Obras Públicas, Comércio e Indústria – Boletim do

Ministerio das Obras Publicas, Commercio e Industria@!a+7C)3^!2d!Q7.-./0,!:.0/7R@

PORTUGAL. \+3+74l/+)!>07!AC/07!1oC,+907;!B)<l/9+)!.!23>o74/+0!QD%F#R!i!Estado da

viação ordinária em Portugal@!a+7C)3^!2d@

SANTOS, Clemente José dos, compil. (1884) – Caminhos de ferro. Pareceres

parlamentares de 1845 a 1884@!Y+C,+)4.90!>0![77.<C,.+0!>0!N.=oC,+90;!SS"�D%DF@!cSccLcScE@

SERRÃO, Manuel Francisco da Costa (1890)!i!O caminho de ferro do Pocinho a Miranda

&0!?0,#0!'!$!'2"(0#$%:0!&0!6#$-&'!@$A*60!&'!8'##0!&0!B010#'&0@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!SD;!3@./7!SEcLSEE@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!DD#LDE$@

VALADAS, Manuel Raimundo (1878)!i!Memoria sobre a rede geral de caminhos de ferro

em Portugal@!~N.-+740!>.!AC/07!1'C,+907!.!\+307�;!4@!%;!3@./!%#@!a+7C)3^!2d;!=@!%LcM@!


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PQP[\PUPS@!a+7C)3^! .(0@

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VIEIRA, António Lopes (1983) i!X7'!#0('!08!K#*5$*-!$-&!Z#$-/'!*-!57'!<-$-/'!08!portuguese railways 1850-1890. A comparative study in speculation, corruption and

*-'8</*'-/a@!a.+9.74./^!a.+9.74./!Z3+-./7+4:@

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