Huawei's Power Transmission and Transformation solution ... · PDF fileHuawei's Power...

1Background

1

Huawei's Power Transmission and Transformation solution

Technical Proposal

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

1Background

2

1. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................... 9

2. HUAWEI'S POWER TRANSMISSION AND TRANSFORMATION SOLUTION DESIGN ............................................11

2.1. DESIGN ASSUMPTION .................................................................................................................................11

2.2. OVERVIEW OF NETWORK DESIGN ..............................................................................................................11

2.3. NETWORK CONFIGURATION........................................................................................................................12

2.4. DETAILED CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................................12

3. ULTRA-LONG HAUL TRANSMISSION SOLUTION ..................................................................................................20

4. FEATURE OF HUAWEI'S POWER TRANSMISSION AND TRANSFORMATION SOLUTION ........................................21

4.1. FEATURE OF OSN SERIES ...................................................................................................................................21

4.1.1 Line Rate ................................................................................................................................................21

4.1.2 OTN Feature ...........................................................................................................................................22

4.1.3 OCS Feature ...........................................................................................................................................22

4.1.4 ROADM Feature .....................................................................................................................................23

4.1.5 OTN + ROADM Feature ...........................................................................................................................23

4.1.6 Ethernet and Packet Feature ...................................................................................................................23

4.1.7 PID Feature ............................................................................................................................................23

4.1.8 CWDM Feature .......................................................................................................................................24

4.1.9 DWDM over CWDM Feature ...................................................................................................................25

4.1.10 Single-Fiber Bidirectional Transmission ...............................................................................................27

4.1.11 Redundancy and Protection ................................................................................................................27

4.1.12 Automatic Optical Power Management ..............................................................................................27

4.1.13 Synchronization ..................................................................................................................................28

4.2. FEATURE OF MSTP SERIES .................................................................................................................................29

4.2.1 Capacity .................................................................................................................................................29

Cross-Connect Capacity ......................................................................................................................................29

Microwave Capacity ...........................................................................................................................................29

1Background

3

4.2.2 Service ...................................................................................................................................................29

Service Type .......................................................................................................................................................30

Service Access Capacity ......................................................................................................................................30

4.2.3 Interface.................................................................................................................................................31

Service Interfaces ...............................................................................................................................................31

Administration and Auxiliary Interfaces ..............................................................................................................32

4.2.4 Networking Topology..............................................................................................................................33

4.2.5 Protection ..............................................................................................................................................34

Equipment Level Protection ................................................................................................................................34

Network Level Protection ....................................................................................................................................35

4.2.6 Board REG Function ................................................................................................................................35

4.2.7 ASON Features .......................................................................................................................................36

4.2.8 Built-in WDM Technology .......................................................................................................................36

4.2.9 Microwave Technology ...........................................................................................................................37

4.2.10 Access of AC Power Supply ..................................................................................................................37

4.2.11 Synchronization ..................................................................................................................................39

4.2.12 OAM Information Interworking ...........................................................................................................39

4.2.13 OAM ..................................................................................................................................................40

4.2.14 License ...............................................................................................................................................40

4.2.15 Security Management ........................................................................................................................41

4.3. FEATURE OF MICROWAVE..................................................................................................................................41

4.3.1 1+1 HSB .................................................................................................................................................41

4.3.2 1+1 FD....................................................................................................................................................41

4.3.3 1+1 SD....................................................................................................................................................41

4.3.4 XPIC .......................................................................................................................................................41

4.3.5 N+1 Protection .......................................................................................................................................41

1Background

4

4.3.6 ATPC.......................................................................................................................................................42

4.3.7 AM .........................................................................................................................................................42

4.3.8 PLA/EPLA ...............................................................................................................................................42

4.4. FEATURE OF NE SERIES ROUTER ..........................................................................................................................42

4.4.1 link features ...........................................................................................................................................42

Ethernet Link Features ........................................................................................................................................42

POS Link Features ...............................................................................................................................................43

CPOS Link Features .............................................................................................................................................44

ATM Link Features ..............................................................................................................................................44

CE1/CT1/E3/CT3 Link Features............................................................................................................................45

4.4.2 service features ......................................................................................................................................46

4.4.3 Ethernet Features ...................................................................................................................................46

Layer 2 Ethernet Features ...................................................................................................................................46

Layer 3 Ethernet Features ...................................................................................................................................46

QinQ Features ....................................................................................................................................................47

Flexible Access to VPNs .......................................................................................................................................48

RRPP Link Features .............................................................................................................................................48

RSTP/MSTP Features...........................................................................................................................................48

BPDU Tunneling Features ...................................................................................................................................48

4.4.4 IP Features .............................................................................................................................................49

IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack ...........................................................................................................................................49

IPv4 Features .....................................................................................................................................................49

IPv6 Features .....................................................................................................................................................49

IPv4/IPv6 Transition Technology .........................................................................................................................50

4.4.5 Routing Protocol .....................................................................................................................................50

Unicast Routing ..................................................................................................................................................50

1Background

5

Multicast Routing ...............................................................................................................................................51

4.4.6 MPLS ......................................................................................................................................................53

Basic MPLS Functions .........................................................................................................................................53

MPLS TE .............................................................................................................................................................54

MPLS OAM .........................................................................................................................................................56

4.4.7 VPN Features..........................................................................................................................................56

Tunnel Policy ......................................................................................................................................................56

VPN Tunnel.........................................................................................................................................................56

MPLS L2VPN .......................................................................................................................................................57

VLL .....................................................................................................................................................................57

VPLS ...................................................................................................................................................................57

PWE3 .................................................................................................................................................................58

BGP/MPLS L3VPN ...............................................................................................................................................59

4.4.8 QoS ........................................................................................................................................................60

Diff-Serv Model ..................................................................................................................................................60

Simple Traffic Classification ................................................................................................................................60

Complex Traffic Classification .............................................................................................................................60

Traffic Policing ....................................................................................................................................................60

Queue Scheduling ...............................................................................................................................................61

Congestion Avoidance ........................................................................................................................................61

HQoS..................................................................................................................................................................62

QPPB ..................................................................................................................................................................62

QoS for Ethernet .................................................................................................................................................62

MPLS HQoS ........................................................................................................................................................63

4.4.9 Load Balancing .......................................................................................................................................63

Equal-Cost Load Balancing..................................................................................................................................64

1Background

6

Unequal-Cost Load Balancing .............................................................................................................................64

4.4.10 Traffic Statistics ..................................................................................................................................64

URPF Traffic Statistics .........................................................................................................................................64

ACL Traffic Statistics ...........................................................................................................................................65

CAR Traffic Statistics ...........................................................................................................................................65

HQoS Traffic Statistics.........................................................................................................................................65

Interface-Based Traffic Statistics .........................................................................................................................65

VPN Traffic Statistics...........................................................................................................................................65

Traffic Statistics on TE Tunnels ............................................................................................................................66

4.4.11 IP RAN Features ..................................................................................................................................66

PNP ....................................................................................................................................................................66

Y.1731 ................................................................................................................................................................66

MPLS TP OAM ....................................................................................................................................................66

4.4.12 Network Reliability .............................................................................................................................67

NSR ....................................................................................................................................................................67

APS ....................................................................................................................................................................67

FRR ....................................................................................................................................................................67

Backup of Key Parts ............................................................................................................................................68

High Reliability of LPUs .......................................................................................................................................69

Transmission Alarm Suppression .........................................................................................................................69

Dual-System Hot Backup .....................................................................................................................................69

Ethernet OAM Fault Management ......................................................................................................................69

Ethernet OAM Performance Management ..........................................................................................................70

VRRP ..................................................................................................................................................................70

GR ......................................................................................................................................................................70

BFD ....................................................................................................................................................................71

1Background

7

4.4.13 Clock ..................................................................................................................................................72

5. HIGHLIGHTS OF HUAWEI'S POWER TRANSMISSION AND TRANSFORMATION SOLUTION ..................................75

5.1. HIGHLIGHTS OF EQUIPMENT...............................................................................................................................75

5.1.1 Unified Hardware, Software and Platform ..............................................................................................75

5.1.2 Multi-services Provisioning .....................................................................................................................75

5.1.3 End-to-End Protection.............................................................................................................................76

5.1.4 Unified GMPLS Intelligent Feature ..........................................................................................................77

5.1.5 Smooth Evolution from TDM to All IP ......................................................................................................77

5.2. NMS (U2000) ...........................................................................................................................................78

5.2.1 Centralized and Unified Management ............................................................................................78

5.2.2 Cross-Platform Management ..........................................................................................................78

5.2.3 Modular Architecture .......................................................................................................................78

5.2.4 High Reliability .................................................................................................................................78

5.2.5 Abundant Interfaces ........................................................................................................................79

5.2.6 Fault Location and Diagnosis Methods ..........................................................................................79

5.2.7 Friendly User Interface ....................................................................................................................80

5.2.8 Scenario-Based Management ........................................................................................................80

6. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED DEVICES ..................................................................................................80

6.1HUAWEI OPTIX OSN 7500 II ...................................................................................................................................80

6.2HUAWEI OPTIX OSN 580........................................................................................................................................84

6.3HUAWEI OPTIX OSN 3580 ......................................................................................................................................86

6.4HUAWEI OPTIX OSN 550........................................................................................................................................90

6.5HUAWEI OPTIX OSN 7500 ......................................................................................................................................91

6.6HUAWEI OPTIX OSN 3500 ......................................................................................................................................94

6.7HUAWEI OPTIX OSN 2500 ......................................................................................................................................97

6.8HUAWEI OPTIX OSN 1500 ......................................................................................................................................99

1Background

8

6.9HUAWEI OPTIX OSN 500 (TDM) ........................................................................................................................... 104

1Background

9

Objective

As a market-proven vendor, Huawei Technologies deliver robust, adaptive and cost-effective solutions to railway operators.

The solution proposed here is an integrated product offer that includes the supply of state-of-the-art telecommunication equipment as well as a vast array of customer care services.

The aim of this document is to present the design of XXX transmission network.

Audience

XXX.

Confidentiality

This document is provided to XXX subject to the understanding that it will not be disclosed to third parties.

1. Background

The power transmission and transformation (T&T) communication network is introduced to ensure the safe, stable,

and economic operation of power systems. As a basis for grid dispatching automation, market-oriented grid

operation, and modernized grid management, the power T&T communication network is an infrastructure

essential to power systems.

The power T&T communication network involves power plants, substations, and dispatching centers (or control

1Background

10

centers). Power plants are usually located in remote areas or suburbs, which convert energy in other forms to

electricity and transmit it to the grid. Substations are usually located around cities or close to power plants, which

are mainly used to transform voltage and transmit electricity over long distances. Dispatching centers are usually

located in office buildings of electric power companies, and they monitor the grid status in real time.

2Huawei's Power Transmission and Transformation

solution Design

11

2. Huawei's Power Transmission and Transformation solution Design

2.1. Design Assumption

The following key dimensioning requirements have been provided by XXX and used by Huawei to engineer the network.

Dimensioning Requirement

STM-16 is the line side service, the other services such as E1 and FE are local side services.

Each substation has two same SDH equipments backup each other.

There are two line needed to be linked.

2.2. Overview of Network Design

In order to address xxx’s requirements, Huawei decided to offer the type of SDH equipment:

OSN 3500 – 14 sets

The solution is based on STM-16 .

This is depicted in the figure 2-1.

LOTE_A

LOTE_B


solution Design

12

Figure 2-1 SDH Main Backbone

The 14 nodes in the 2 main line will be deployed with OSN 3500 . Based on requirement of XXX, currently we deploy STM-16 for the line side. The OSN 3500 equipment is able to upgrade to STM-64 smoothly in the future.

2.3. Network Configuration

Based on full consideration of the requirements of XXX project, Huawei propose the following solution:

The following table shows the detailed board configuration for the services:

Service Board Notes

STM-16 SF16E Support EFEC, ultra-long haul

transmssion

63E1 PQ1A + D12S 1 PQ1B + 2 D12S

8*FE EFS0 + ETF8 1 processing board, 1 interface

board

6-Port 2/4 Wire and E&M

AT6 6-Port 2/4 Wire and E&M

Processing Board

12 FXS FXS12 12-Port FXS Processing Board

12 FXO FXO12 12-Port FXO Processing

Board

RS232 DX1A + DM12

DDN Processing Board(75ohm)(each DX1A supports 2 DM12 boards)

+12DDN Mix Access Board(4-Port)

Table 2-1 Board configurations for service requirement

2.4. Detailed Configuration

Optical amplifier like RPC01,RPC02, ROPA, will be mounted in the cabinet.


solution Design

13

Lote A: SE Paranaíta*2

SE Claudia*2


solution Design

14

SE Paranatinga*2


solution Design

15

SE Ribeirãozinho*2


solution Design

16

Lote B: SE Ribeirãozinho*2


solution Design

17

SE Rio Verde Norte*2


solution Design

18

SE Marimbondo II


solution Design

19

3Ultra-long Haul Transmission Solution

20

3. Ultra-long Haul Transmission Solution

250km Section:

yq

THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS

Variables

Fiber Margin = 4dB Fiber Loss/Km = 0.20dB/Km Attenuation Splice the Fibers = 0.1 dB

Fiber Connector Loss = 2*0.5 dB N = Distance/5 – 1 = 52

Distance(km ) = 1*(1+5%)= 262.5km

The Maximum Transmission distance

Fiber Loss =Distance* Fiber Loss/Km + N* Attenuation Splice the Fibers + Fiber Margin +

Fiber Connector Loss = 62.7dB

(Solution Fiber Loss =61dB)>= (Fiber Loss =60.7dB)

300km Section:


Variables

Fiber Margin = 4dB

Fiber Loss/Km = 0.20dB/Km Attenuation Splice the Fibers = 0.1 dB

Fiber Connector Loss = 2*0.5 dB N = Distance/5 – 1 = 62

4Feature of Huawei's Power Transmission and

Transformation solution

21

Distance(km ) = 1*(1+5%)= 315km


Fiber Loss =Distance* Fiber Loss/Km + N* Attenuation Splice the Fibers + Fiber Margin + Fiber Connector Loss = 74.2dB

(Solution Fiber Loss =72dB)>= (Fiber Loss =72dB)

350km and 355km Section:


Variables

Fiber Margin = 4dB

Fiber Loss/Km = 0.20dB/Km

Attenuation Splice the Fibers =(1) 0.1 dB 7.2dB/7.3dB (2)可优化：0.05dB reduce 3.6db

Fiber Connector Loss = (1)2*0.5 dB (2)拉曼需要熔纤，20km 以内，不使用连接器

N = Distance/5 – 1= 72/73

Distance(km ) = 1*(1+5%)= 367.5km/372.75km


Fiber Loss =Distance* Fiber Loss/Km + N* Attenuation Splice the Fibers + Fiber Margin + Fiber Connector Loss = (1)85.7/86.85 dB (2)81.1/82.25dB

(Solution Fiber Loss =88dB)>= (Fiber Loss =85.7dB/86.85dB)

4. Feature of Huawei's Power Transmission and Transformation solution

4.1. Feature of OSN series

4.1.1 Line Rate

The OptiX OSN 8800 use dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technologies to achieve transparent

transmission with multiple services and large capacity.

Currently, the OptiX OSN 8800 can multiplex up to 80 service channels in a single fiber. That is, it can transmit

80 carrier signals of different wavelengths.

The OptiX OSN 8800 systems provide multiple transmission solutions based on different line rate:

40/80 x 100 Gbit/s transmission solution




22


40 x 2.5 Gbit/s transmission solution

10 Gbit/s, 40 Gbit/s, 100 Gbit/s Hybrid Transmission

4.1.2 OTN Feature

The optical transport network (OTN) technology ensures flexible service cross-connections in an end-to-end

manner, and enables services of different types to share bandwidth. With the help of numerous OTN overheads

and easy operations on the NMS, users can easily maintain networks and locate faults.

OTN Cross-Connection

With the help of OTN cross-connections, any granularity traffic can be aggregated into

any ODUk pipe, and different types of services from multiple sites can be mixed in one

ODUk pipe. This enables flexible service grooming and improves bandwidth utilization.

GE E2E Transmission Based on ODU0

For end-to-end service cross-connections, cross-connections are only required on the line

side for intermediate sites. Physical fiber connections between back-to-back installed

equipment are not required. This application helps save time in connecting fibers at

intermediate sites, which enables quick service provisioning. This application also reduces fault potentials and maintenance workloads.

Flexible Bandwidth Utilization Based on ODUflex

The OptiX OSN 8800 supports the optical data unit flexible (ODUflex) feature. This

feature enables the OptiX OSN 8800 to adapt itself to various services, such as video, storage, and data services as well as future IP services.

E2E Service Management Based on OTN Overhead

With the help of numerous OTN overheads defined in ITU-T G.708 as well as easy

operations on the NMS, services can be managed and monitored in an end-to-end manner.

With the help of OTN overheads, an OTN network can transparently transmit client

services and provide powerful forward error correction (FEC) capabilities. The

overheads and NMS together enables easy end-to-end service monitoring and management. They can easily locate a fault.

Channel Monitoring over Different Operators' Networks

When networks of different operators are interconnected, the OTN overheads at the tandem connection

monitoring (TCM) layer can be used to monitor the quality of the channels that different operators provide. The

ODUk TCM function makes it easy to locate faults.

4.1.3 OCS Feature

As optical core switching (OCS) equipment, the OptiX OSN 8800 has a large switching capacity and supports

flexible networking modes, such as chain, ring, and mesh networks. The OptiX OSN 8800 supports

cross-connections of VC–4, VC–3, and VC–12 granularities, which satisfies various requirements.

Multi-Granularity Service Grooming and Convergence

The OptiX OSN 8800 can provide the networking application of the multi-granularity service grooming and service convergence functions.

The OptiX OSN 8800 implements the large-capacity grooming of STM-64, STM-16,

STM-4, and STM-1 services. The OptiX OSN 8800 can form a hybrid network with different equipment such as DWDM and MSTP.



23

Ethernet Service Transmission and Layer 2 Switching

The networking application of Ethernet services includes point-to-point networking for

GE/10GE services, Layer 2 switching networking for GE/10GE services, and transparent transmission networking for GE services.

4.1.4 ROADM Feature

With ROADM technology, the OptiX OSN 8800 supports flexible optical-layer grooming in one to nine degrees.

The ROADM solution realizes reconfiguration of wavelengths by blocking or cross-connecting of wavelengths.

This ensures that the static distribution of the wavelength resource is flexible and dynamic. ROADM with U2000

can remotely and dynamically adjust the status of wavelength adding/dropping and passing through. A maximum

of 80 wavelengths can be adjusted.

4.1.5 OTN + ROADM Feature

The OTN + ROADM feature cross-connects a client service in any optical direction while ensuring high

bandwidth utilization.

A tributary board receives client services at any bit rate. After OTN mapping and ODUk

cross-connection are complete, the client signals are flexibly cross-connected on the

electrical layer and share bandwidth. A line board then outputs the signals over different wavelengths.

Along the optical cross-connections on the ROADM board, the signals over different wavelengths can be transmitted in any optical direction.

If the signals in an optical direction do not need to be locally terminated, they can be

directly transmitted to another optical direction through the optical cross-connections on the ROADM board.

4.1.6 Ethernet and Packet Feature

The product support various Ethernet services and provide multiple solutions to carry them.

4.1.7 PID Feature

PID helps to effectively eliminate bandwidth and O&M bottlenecks on a WAN, leveraging the features such as

large capacity, high integration, versatile multi-service access, small size, and environment-friendly design.

On a WAN, a 40G/80G/120G/200G aggregation ring based on PID boards only is recommended, eliminating

commissioning while enabling quick service provision. At the OTN aggregation layer, 13 to 20 aggregation rings

can be deployed with two to four NEs in each ring. A PID board(s) is used on each NE's line side. Build a

40G/80G/120G/200G network using PID groups as required. Figure shows the details.



24

Typical application

In Figure , service 1 is received through the client-side tributary board and is converted into an ODUk signal.

Then the ODUk signal is cross-connected to the PID board by the cross-connect board and is finally converted

into an OTUk optical signal before it is sent to the east direction on the WDM side. Service 2 is received by the

west PID board. After the OTUk-to-ODUk conversion is performed, the signal is cross-connected to the east PID

board by the cross-connect board. After the ODUk-to-OTUk conversion, the signal is sent to the east direction on

the WDM side.

4.1.8 CWDM Feature

The OptiX OSN 8800 provides an 8-wavelength CWDM transmission solution with a channel spacing of 20nm in

the C band, which complies with ITU-T G.694.2, and can carry 2.5 Gbit/s or 5 Gbit/s services over a single

wavelength.

Application

CWDM systems have no OA boards or multiplexer and demultiplexing boards. They use fixed optical add/drop

multiplexer boards to multiplex single-wavelength signals from OTU boards and send the multiplexed wavelength

Backbone layer

Aggregation layer

: High-end router

: BRAS : PID-installed NG WDM equipment

: Router : NG WDM equipment

......40G Ring200G Ring

120G Ring

80x40G Mesh

12xOTU2/

12xOTU2e

N

P

O

2

E

N

Q

2

Tributary board

12xOTU2/

12xOTU2e

N

P

O

2

E

N

Q

2

1

1 2 1 2

2

3

3

Service 1

Service 2

3

West

Centralized cross connect board

: 64xODU0/ 32xODU1/8xODU2/8xODU2e

: 32xODU0/16xODU1/4xODU2/4xODU2e

: 4xOTU2/4xOTU2e

East

East

West

Centralized cross connect board

N

P

O

2

E

N

Q

2

Line

borad

Line

borad...

3

21



25

to the line for transmission

Figure shows a typical application of CWDM systems.

Typical application of CWDM systems

4.1.9 DWDM over CWDM Feature

DWDM wavelengths can be transported in the window of CWDM 1531 nm to 1551 nm to expand the CWDM

system capacity.

Figure shows the expansion of wavelength allocation. With this expansion scheme, a CWDM system can

transmit a maximum of 26 DWDM wavelengths at 100 GHz channel spacing. If the DWDM wavelength is 50

GHz in channel spacing, a CWDM system can transmit a maximum of 50 DWDM wavelengths.

Client

services

OTUO

A

D

M

Client

services

OTUO

A

D

MOTU OTU

2.5 Gbit/s

5 Gbit/s

2.5 Gbit/s

5 Gbit/s



26

DWDM wavelength expansion and allocation in a CWDM system

Figure shows the equipment configuration in which DWDM wavelengths are transported in the window of

CWDM 1531 nm to 1551 nm. The DWDM wavelengths need to pass through the DWDM MUX/DEMUX and

CWDM MUX/DEMUX. Hence, the optical amplifier unit needs to be configured in between.

1471nm

1491nm

1511nm

1531nm

1551nm

1571nm

1591nm

1611nm

1536.61nm

1529.55nm

-

1557.36nm

1545.32nm

-

1531.12nm

1531.90nm

1532.68nm

1535.04nm

1534.25nm

1533.47nm

1536.61nm

1535.82nm

1529.55nm

1530.33nm

1547.72nm

1548.51nm

1549.32nm

1551.72nm

1550.92nm

1550.12nm

1553.33nm

1552.52nm

1546.12nm

1546.92nm

1554.13nm

1554.94nm

1555.75nm

1556.55nm

1557.36nm

1545.32nm

10λ

16λ

1471nm

1491nm

1511nm

1571nm

1591nm

1611nm

CWDM

wavelengthsDWDM over CWDM DWDM

wavelengths



27

Application of DWDM wavelengths in a CWDM system

4.1.10 Single-Fiber Bidirectional Transmission

OptiX OSN 8800 CWDM system support single-fiber bidirectional transmission. That is, bidirectional signals

(transmit and receive) of different wavelengths are transported in the same fiber. As a result, any wavelength(s)

among 16 wavelengths in the CWDM band can be added or dropped. The SBM2 board is applied in the

single-fiber bidirectional transmission.

The dispersion supported by the 8-channel CWDM system is 40 km.

4.1.11 Redundancy and Protection

The OptiX OSN 8800 provides abundant equipment-level protection and network-level protection.

4.1.12 Automatic Optical Power Management

ALS

After the automatic laser shutdown (ALS) function is enabled on an OTU or a tributary

board, the board disables the laser in the transmit direction when it receives no optical

signals from the upstream board and re-enables the laser after it receives optical signals.

The ALS function prevents human injuries and prolongs the life of a laser by decreasing the working time of the laser.

AGC

The automatic gain control (AGC) function ensures that channel gain is not affected

when wavelengths are added or dropped or when there is optical power fluctuation in the WDM system. This function guarantees normal service running in the WDM system.

The AGC function locks the gain of a single channel using forward and backward feedback control loops. When an optical amplifier (OA) works in gain locking mode and

OTU

OTU

MUX/

DEMUX

CWDM

DWDM

OTU

OTU

DEMUX

MUX/

MO M1

MO M1

OA

OA



28

the input optical power fluctuates, the AGC function automatically starts without

requiring configuration on the NMS. In this case, the output optical power of the OA changes according to the input optical power and channel gain remains the same.

ALC

Optical fiber aging, optical connector aging, multiple wavelengths added or dropped

simultaneously or other power changes are factors that may lead to abnormal loss on the

line. When this happens, line loss is changed, the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of

the system is degraded. To minimize such influence, the automatic level control (ALC)

function automatically adjusts the output power of the amplifiers in the link according to

the line loss change. When the line loss changes, the output power of it will remain

unchanged.

APE

The automatic power equilibrium (APE) function automatically detects and adjusts the

optical power along channels on WDM-side ports to ensure the required channel optical

power flatness. If the channel optical power varies and flatness is not maintained to a

specified requirement, the OSNR of the optical transmission line will deteriorate, which will degrade and possibly interrupt the communication.

IPA

The optical amplifiers (OAs) have high optical power. If the fiber connecting to the OA

breaks, the OA will still emit light if the laser on the amplifier is not shut down. The

intense light will cause injuries to maintenance personnel during fiber maintenance. To

prevent the personal injuries, the intelligent power adjustment (IPA) function promptly shuts down lasers on the affected OAs if the fiber breaks.

IPA of Raman System

The laser hazard class of the Raman board is class 4 and the maximum output optical

power of the LINE optical port on the Raman board is above 27 dBm (500 mW). To

prevent personal injuries to human body especially to the eyes caused by laser radiation

from exposed fibers, the system provides the IPA function and auto Raman laser

shutdown to promptly turn off the lasers on Raman amplifiers in events of line faults.

This ensures that the line optical power stays at a safe level.

IPA of PID

The system provides the intelligent power adjustment (IPA) function for PID boards.

When there is a fiber break on the line, the upstream PID board is shut down to prevent injuries. After the system is recovered, the PID board resumes normal operation.

OPA

Users can specify a mode on the NMS when configuring optical cross-connections. If the

auto mode is selected during deployment, the optical power adjust (OPA) function

adjusts the attenuation of each EVOA on cross-connect paths to make services available.

In practical applications, however, the OPA function should be used together with

manual adjustment or the MDS 6630 to accurately adjust EVOA attenuation, ensuring

that the input power of optical amplifier and OTU boards meets the anticipated system requirements.

4.1.13 Synchronization

The OptiX OSN 8800 supports IEEE 1588v2, Sync-E, 2 MHz, and 2 Mbit clocks. When deployed with MSTP or

PTN products, the OptiX OSN 8800 can provide an end-to-end clock transport solution.

When the OptiX OSN 8800 uses IEEE 1588v2 to implement phase synchronization, it supports the following NE

clock types: OC, TC, BC, TC+BC, and TC+OC.



29

4.2. Feature of MSTP series

4.2.1 Capacity

The capacity covers the cross-connect capacity, slot access capacity and microwave capacity.

Cross-Connect Capacity

Different cross-connect boards have different cross-connect capacities.

Table lists the cross-connect boards and the corresponding cross-connect capacities supported by the OptiX

OSN equipment.

Cross-connect capacity of the OptiX OSN 3500 II

Board Higher Order Cross-Connect Capacity

Lower Order Cross-Connect Capacity

Access Capacity of a Single Subrack

Remarks

Q5CXL

series

60 Gbit/s

(384x384

VC-4s)

20 Gbit/s (128x128

VC-4s, which are

equivalent to 384x384

VC-3s or 8064x8064

VC-12s)

40 Gbit/s

(256x256

VC-4s)

-

Q6CXL

series

110 Gbit/s

(704x704

VC-4s)

20 Gbit/s (128x128

VC-4s, which are

equivalent to 384x384

VC-3s or 8064x8064

VC-12s)

90 Gbit/s

(576x576

VC-4s)

-

Microwave Capacity

The number of IFSD1 boards that can be configured for different types of the equipment is different. Hence, the

number of microwave directions supported by different types of the equipment is also different.

Table lists the maximum number of IF boards and the maximum number of microwave directions supported by

different types of the equipment.

Microwave capacity of the equipment

Equipment Type Maximum Number of Configured IF Boards

Maximum Supported Microwave Capacity (Channel)

OptiX OSN 3500 II 9 18

4.2.2 Service

The supported services are SDH services, PDH services and many other services.



30

Service Type

The OptiX OSN 3500 II can process the following types of services : SDH, PDH, Ethernet, RPR, ATM, DDN

services.

For details about the supported types of services, see Table .

Types of services supported by the OptiX OSN 3500 II

Service Type Description

SDH services Standard SDH services: STM-1/STM-4/STM-16/STM-64

Standard SDH contiguous concatenation services:

VC-4-4c/VC-4-8c/VC-4-16c/VC-4-64c/AU-3

Standard SDH virtual concatenation services: VC-4-Xv (X≤64),

VC-3-Xv (X≤192), VC-12-Xv (X≤63)

SDH services with FEC: 10.709 Gbit/s, 2.666 Gbit/s

PDH services E1/T1 service

E3/T3 service

E4 service

NOTE

With the E13/M13 function, the equipment can perform multiplexing and demultiplexing between E1/T1 signals and E3/T3 signals.

Ethernet services Ethernet service transmission on the platforms of Ethernet over

SDH (EoS) and Ethernet over PDH (EoP)

Ethernet private line (EPL) service

Ethernet virtual private line (EVPL) service

Ethernet private LAN (EPLAN) service

Ethernet virtual private LAN (EVPLAN) service

RPR services EVPL service

EVPLAN service

ATM services Constant bit rate (CBR) service

Real-time variable bit rate (rt-VBR) service

Non real-time variable bit rate (nrt-VBR) service

Unspecified bit rate (UBR) service

Unspecified bit rate plus (UBR+) service

DDN services N x 64 kbit/s (N=1-31) service

Framed E1 service

Service Access Capacity

Configured with different boards, the OptiX OSN 3500 II can access services of different capacity.

Table lists the maximum capacity of the OptiX OSN 3500 II for accessing different services. The maximum service access capacity is supported when the subrack accesses the services of only one type.



31

Service access capacity of the OptiX OSN 3500 II

Service Type Maximum Number of Services Supported by a Single Subrack

STM-64 standard or concatenated

services/FEC

4

STM-16 standard or concatenated services 36

STM-16 (FEC) services 13

STM-4 standard or concatenated services 136

STM-1 standard services 208

STM-1 (electrical) services 162

E4 services 40

E3/T3 services 129

E1 services 630

T1 services 630

FE services 184

GE services 52

10GE services 8

STM-1 ATM/IMA services 52

STM-4 ATM/IMA services 13

N x 64 kbit/s services (N: 1-31) 80

4.2.3 Interface

The interfaces include service interfaces, administration and auxiliary interfaces.

Service Interfaces

Service interfaces include the SDH service interfaces, PDH service interfaces and several other service interfaces.

Interface Types

Table lists the service interfaces of OptiX OSN 3500 II.

Service interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500 II.

Interface Type Description

SDH service

interface

STM-1 electrical interfaces: SMB connectors and SAA connectors

STM-1 optical interfaces: I-1, Ie-1, S-1.1, L-1.1, L-1.2, Ve-1.2

STM-4 optical interfaces: I-4, S-4.1, L-4.1, L-4.2, Ve-4.2

STM-16 optical interfaces: I-16, S-16.1, L-16.1, L-16.2, L-16.2Je,

V-16.2Je, U-16.2Je



32

Interface Type Description STM-16 optical interfaces (FEC): Ue-16.2c, Ue-16.2d, Ue-16.2f

STM-64 optical interfaces: I-64.1, I-64.2, S-64.2b, L-64.2b, Le-64.2,

Ls-64.2, V-64.2b, P1L1-2D2

STM-64 optical interfaces (FEC): Ue-64.2c, Ue-64.2d, Ue-64.2e

STM-16 and STM-64 optical interfaces that comply with ITU-T

G.692 can output fixed wavelength from 191.1 THz to 196.0 THz, and

can directly be interconnected with the WDM equipment.

PDH service

interface

75/120-ohm E1 electrical interfaces: DB44 connectors

100-ohm T1 electrical interfaces: DB44 connectors

75-ohm E3, T3 and E4 electrical interfaces: SMB connectors

Ethernet service

interface

10/100BASE-TX, 100BASE-ZX, 100BASE-VX, 100BASE-LX,

100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-VX, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX,

1000BASE-ZX, 1000BASE-T, 10GBASE-LW, 10GBASE-LR

DDN service

interface

RS449, EIA530, EIA530-A, V.35, V.24, X.21, and framed E1

interface

ATM service

interface

STM-1 ATM optical interfaces: Ie-1, S-1.1, L-1.1, L-1.2, Ve-1.2

STM-4 ATM optical interfaces: S-4.1, L-4.1, L-4.2, Ve-4.2

E3 interfaces: E3 services are accessed by the E3 board

IMA E1 interfaces: IMA E1 services are accessed by the E1 board

Storage area

network

(SAN)/Video

service interface

FC100, FICON, FC200, ESCON, or DVB-ASI service optical

interfaces

Ue-16.2c, Ue-16.2d, Ue-16.2f, Le-64.2, Ls-64.2, L-16.2Je, V-16.2Je, U-16.2Je, Ve-1.2, and Ve-4.2 are optical technical specifications specified by Huawei.

Optical Module Types

The OptiX OSN 3500 II supports SFP, eSFP, and single-fiber bidirectional optical modules.

When the board is equipped with a single-fiber bidirectional optical module, the fiber connected to the optical

module can transmit and receive optical signals. Thus, a lot of optical fiber resources are saved.

For details about optical modules, see Pluggable Optical Module in Hardware Description.

Administration and Auxiliary Interfaces

The equipment provides several types of administration and auxiliary interfaces.



33

Table lists the types of administration and auxiliary interfaces provided by the OptiX OSN 3500 II.

Administration and auxiliary interfaces provided by the OptiX OSN 3500 II

Interface Type

Description

Administration

interface

Serial network management/management interface (OAM/F&f)

Four serial broadcast data interfaces (S1-S4)

One 64 kbit/s codirectional data path interface (F1)

One Ethernet interface (10M/100M) for network management (ETH)

One administration serial interface (F&f)

One commissioning interface (COM)

Orderwire

interface

One orderwire phone interface (PHONE)

Two SDH NNI voice interfaces (V1 and V2)

Two SDH NNI signaling interfaces (S1 and S2, used with two broadcast

data interfaces)

Clock interface Two 120-ohm clock input/output interfaces in 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz

clock mode

Two 75-ohm clock input interfaces and two clock output interfaces in

2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz clock mode

Supports external and line synchronization outputs.

Alarm interface Four-output interface for the alarm indicators on the cabinet

Four-input cascading interface for the alarm indicators on the cabinet

Sixteen-input and four-output alarm interface

Four-output alarm cascading interface

Microwave IF

interface

One coaxial cable connects to one ODU. Each board provides two cables

to separately connect two ODUs.

Two -48 VDC power input interfaces.

4.2.4 Networking Topology

The OptiX OSN 3500 II supports topologies such as chain, ring, tangent rings, intersecting rings, ring with chain,

dual node interconnection (DNI), hub, and mesh at the STM-1/STM-4/STM-16/STM-64 level.

The OptiX OSN 3500 II supports the separate and hybrid configuration of the following types of NEs:



34

Terminal multiplexer (TM)

Add/drop multiplexer (ADM)

Multiple add/drop multiplexer (MADM)

The OptiX OSN 3500 II can be interconnected with Huawei OSN, DWDM, and Metro equipment series, to

provide a complete transmission network solution.

The OptiX OSN 3500 II can be used with another OptiX OSN equipment to provide a

complete ASON solution. This solution covers all the layers including the backbone layer, the convergence layer, and the access layer.

Through an SDH interface or a GE interface, the OptiX OSN 3500 II can be interconnected with the WDM equipment.

Through an SDH, PDH, Ethernet, ATM, or DDN interface, the OptiX OSN 3500 II can be interconnected with the OptiX Metro equipment.

4.2.5 Protection

The equipment provides equipment level protection and network level protection.

Equipment Level Protection

The OptiX OSN 3500 II provides several equipment level protection schemes.

Table shows the equipment level protection provided by the OptiX OSN 3500 II.

Equipment level protection

Object Protected Protection Scheme

PDH TPS

SDH (STM-1) TPS

DDN TPS

Ethernet processing unit TPS/PPS/BPS/LAG/DLAG hot backup

ATM 1+1 hot backup

Cross-connect and timing unit 1+1 hot backup

SCC unit 1+1 hot backup

Arbitrary bit rate wavelength

conversion unite

Intra-board protection (dual-fed and selective

receiving) and inter-board protection (1+1 hot

backup)

Protection for the Microwave unit 1+1 HSB/FD/SD and N+1 backup

Power interface unit 1+1 hot backup, 1:N centralized backup

Intelligent Fans unit The power supply modules are of mutual backup for

the three fan modules.

Board Under Abnormal

Conditions

Power-Down Protection During Software Loading,

Overvoltage or Undervoltage Protection for Power

Supply and Board Temperature Detection

NOTE

The OptiX OSN 3500 II supports coexistence of three TPS protection groups of different types.



35

Network Level Protection

The OptiX OSN 3500 II supports several network level protection schemes.

Table lists the network level protection schemes supported by the OptiX OSN 3500 II.

Network level protection schemes supported by the OptiX OSN 3500 II

Network Level Protection

Protection Scheme

SDH protection Linear MSP

MSP ring

Subnetwork connection protection (SNCP), subnetwork

connection multi-protection (SNCMP) and subnetwork

connection tunnel protection (SNCTP)

Dual-node interconnection (DNI) protection

Fiber-shared virtual trail protection

Optical-path-shared MSP

Ethernet protection Resilient packet ring (RPR) protection

Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (ERPS)

Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) protection

Link state pass through (LPT) protection

SPT/RSTP protection

Multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) protection

ATM protection VP-Ring/VC-Ring protection

4.2.6 Board REG Function

The OptiX OSN 3500 II supports the REG function.

The OptiX OSN 3500 II supports the hybrid application of ADM and REG..



36

Hybrid application of ADM and REG

For the information about valid slots and optical interfaces supported by the board, see SDH Processing Boards.

4.2.7 ASON Features

The OptiX OSN 3500 II provides a set of stand-alone ASON software system to realize the intelligent

management of services and bandwidth resources.

The ASON features of the OptiX OSN 3500 II are as follows:

Supports automatic end-to-end service configuration.

Supports service level agreement (SLA).

Supports mesh networking, mesh protection, and shared mesh restoration trails.

Provides traffic engineering control to realize traffic balance across the network and improve the bandwidth utilization.

Provides distributed mesh protection including real-time rerouting and pre-configuration.

Supports end-to-end service protection, improving the scalability of the network.

4.2.8 Built-in WDM Technology

The equipment supports a built-in WDM technology, which enables the transmission of several wavelengths in

one fiber.

The OptiX OSN 3500 II provides the built-in WDM technology. The functions of the equipment are as follows:

Standard DWDM wavelengths that comply with ITU-T G.694.1 can be added or dropped.

Standard CWDM wavelengths that comply with ITU-T G.694.2 can be added or dropped.

A set of equipment can be configured into an Optical Terminal Multiplexer (OTM) or an Optical Add/Drop multiplexer (OADM), or both.

Optical add/drop multiplexing boards have concatenation ports which can be used for expansion or for adding/dropping multiple wavelengths through concatenation.

OUT

IN

OUT

IN

REG

SL16 SL16

IN

OUT

SL16

IN

OUT

SL16

OptiX OSN 3500 II

OUT

IN

SL16 SL16

IN

OUT

SL16

IN

OUT

SL16

ADM

OSN

3500 II

OSN

3500 II

OSN

3500 II

OSN

3500 II

OUT

IN



37

The equipment supports Raman amplifiers which can be used in long-distance signal

transmission.

The equipment supports the automatic gain control technology, which enables the gain of each working wavelength to change within an allowed range in all scenarios.

The equipment supports the forward error correction (FEC) technology, which can

correct the errors generated during signal transmission and therefore improve the

tolerance of signal-to-noise ratio at the receive end and extend the length of relay sections.

4.2.9 Microwave Technology

The OptiX OSN 3500 II supports the built-in microwave boards of intermediate frequency. It can work with the

outdoor unit (ODU) of the OptiX RTN 600 to achieve wireless service transmission.

In the case of the OptiX OSN 3500 II, the service signals are transmitted on the basis of the microwave

transmission flow

Processing flow of the service signals

The OptiX OSN 3500 II supports the following microwave functions:

Software programmed radio (SPR) function. The microwave capacity and modulation

mode can be set through software.

Microwave frames based on TU and STM-1. The air interface is used for the product to

interconnect with the other OptiX OSN products that adopt the microwave frames based on TU and STM-1 or to interconnect with the OptiX RTN 600.

HP ODU (that is, standard power ODU) and SP ODU (that is, high power ODU).

1+1 protection and N+1 protection.

Microwave lower order SNCP.

Automatic transmit power control (ATPC) function.

4.2.10 Access of AC Power Supply

An uninterrupted power module (UPM) system supports the access of the 110 V/220 V power, and converts 110

V/220 V AC power into -48 V DC power to supply power to the equipment.

The UPM consists of the rectifier module, monitoring module, and DC/AC power distribution frame. The rectifier

module and monitoring module are hot-swappable so that faulty modules can be replaced without the system

being shut down.

The UPM power box can be installed in a 19-inch cabinet or an ETSI cabinet.

The storage batteries of the UPM work with one ETP4890 power system or one EPS75-4815AF power system. When the external AC power system supplies power normally, the batteries store power. When the 110 V/220 V

Cross -

connect

board

Microwave

IF boardODU

RF signalIF signalBaseband

signal

Antenna

Baseband

signal

Service

interface

board

PDH/SDH/Ethernet



38

AC power supply is interrupted, the batteries can supply power for 4 hours. To supply power to the OptiX OSN

equipment, only one power system is required to be connected to the batteries.

ETP4890

Table provides the functions and features of the ETP4890.

Functions and features of the ETP4890 power system

Function and Feature Description

Basic function Converts 220 V AC power input to -48 V DC power

output.

Power system

configuration

AC power

distributio

n

Supports 85 V to 300 V AC input voltages

Rectifier

module

Supports a maximum of three rectifier modules.

Supports the 90 A rectifier module type.

DC power

distributio

n

Provides 47.0 V DC to 56.5 V DC power outputs, with

53.5 V DC by default.

Power

monitorin

g unit

(PMU)

Regulates rectifier module voltages and currents.

Powers on or off the rectifier module.

Manages batteries.

Monitors battery status when being configured with a

temperature sensor.

Storage

battery

Provides a valve regulated lead-acid battery (48 V/65

Ah/12 V-cell batteries).

Installation and maintenance Allows users to perform operations and maintenance

using the front panel.

Supports simple operations on the LCD.

Provides the hot-swappable rectifier module and monitoring module.

EPS75-4815AF

Table provides the functions and features of the EPS75-4815AF.

Functions and features of the EPS75-4815AF power system

Function and Feature

Description

Hot-swappable

function

The AC/DC rectifier module of the UPM is hot-swappable. When

you replace a faulty rectifier module, the other rectifier module can

still work normally. Therefore, the maintainability of the system is

improved.

Storage battery

protection function

The UPM provides the storage battery protection function. When

the mains supply is interrupted, the power system of the equipment automatically switches to the storage battery, which ensures that the



39

Function and Feature

Description

equipment operates normally. The battery module provides a

capacity of 40 to 500 Ah. The default capacity is 65 Ah.

Lightning-proof

function

The rectifier module is embedded with the lightning-proof

protector. The rectifier module can bear ±5 lightning-simulated

surges with an 8/20 μs current waveform at the amplitude of 5 kA.

When the lightning current enters the rectifier module along with

the power cable, install category-C and category-B light arresters

before you connect the AC mains supply to the power system to

prevent the overvoltage caused by the direct lightning strike from

damaging the rectifier module.

4.2.11 Synchronization

The The OptiX OSN 3500 II only supports the traditional clock synchronization.

4.2.12 OAM Information Interworking

The OptiX OSN supports OAM information interworking.

Any of the following methods can be adopted for the OptiX OSN to transparently transmit the OAM

information of the third-party equipment, or for the third-party equipment to transparently transmit the OAM

information of the OptiX OSN .

HWECC

IP over DCC

OSI over DCC

DCC transparent transmission through 2 Mbit/s external clock interfaces

Table lists the DCC resource allocation modes supported by the OptiX OSN 3500 II.

DCC allocation modes of the OptiX OSN 3500 II

DCC Allocation Q5CXL/Q6CXL

Channel type Supports the D1-D1, D1-D3 and D4-D12 channel types.

Operation

mode

Mode 1 Supports 80 D1-D3 channels.


Supports 20 D4-D12 channels.








40

DCC Allocation Q5CXL/Q6CXL




Protocol type Supports HWECC, IP, and OSI protocols.

Default mode Mode 1

The Q5CXL and Q6CXL board can also provide two 2 Mbit/s external clock interfaces, which can be used to

transparently transmit DCC information.

4.2.13 OAM

The OptiX OSN 3500 II provides the OAM functions at the equipment layer and network layer.

The OptiX OSN 3500 II provides the following OAM functions at the equipment layer:

Alarm and performance management: supports the reporting of alarms and performance

events. The user can discover and locate the faults on the equipment and on the network

in a timely manner.

Laser and optical power management: supports the optical power management at the SDH optical interface and the automatic laser shutdown (ALS) function.

Fault locating and equipment maintenance: provides multiple maintenance measures

such as PRBS, ETH-OAM, and TCM. The user can monitor, debug, troubleshoot the

equipment conveniently.

Expansion and upgrade: supports the network expansion through board replacement.

Supports the in-service software upgrade by using the simulation package loading, diffusion loading, and hot patch loading methods.

The OAM functions provided by the OptiX OSN 3500 II at the network layer can be realized by using the NMS.

4.2.14 License

The product of this version is released with a license. That is, customers can obtain corresponding rights

committed by the supplier based on the license certificate.

After you purchase the license, you need to load or update the license file.

At the deployment phase: You can configure or use the new features of this version only after the license file of this version is loaded.

At the maintenance phase: You can query the license status and use period on the NMS;

you need to apply for a new license after the SCC boards are replaced; the services with

the features controlled can be queried and deleted but cannot be added, modified, or

enabled after the licence expires; you need to purchase a new license if the features that

you purchase are increased.

If the SCC boards are replaced, the equipment serial number (ESN) of the license will be changed, and the license

continues to be valid but will expire after 60 days. During the 60-day period, the functions of the license are fully

provided, but a warning will be displayed, prompting you to apply for a new license. Therefore, after the working SCC boards are replaced, it is recommended that you immediately apply for a new license and load the license file



41

onto the SCC boards.

In the case of the license of this version, the features are not controlled. Therefore, you can use all the features

supported by this version after you obtain the authorization of this license.

4.2.15 Security Management

The NMS uses many schemes to ensure the security of the 3500 II NE.

Authentication Management

Authorization Management

Network Security Management

System Security Management

Log Management

For the details of security management, refer to the Security Management.

4.3. Feature of Microwave

4.3.1 1+1 HSB

1+1 HSB is an operation mode of 1+1 protection. In 1+1 HSB mode, the equipment uses a 1+1 hot standby

configuration for IF boards and ODUs at both ends of a radio link hop to achieve the protection purpose.

4.3.2 1+1 FD

1+1 FD is an operation mode of 1+1 protection. In 1+1 FD mode, the system uses two channels that have

frequency spacing between them for transmitting and receiving the same service signal. The receive end selects a

signal with better quality from the two received signals. With 1+1 FD protection, the impact of fading on signal

transmission is reduced.

4.3.3 1+1 SD

1+1 SD is an operation mode of 1+1 protection. In 1+1 SD mode, the system uses two antennas that have a space

distance between them to receive the same RF signals, and then the equipment selects a signal with better quality

from the two received RF signals. With the 1+1 SD protection, the impact of the fading on signal transmission is

reduced.

4.3.4 XPIC

The cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) technology is used together with the co-channel

dual-polarization (CCDP) technology. Application of the two technologies doubles the transmission capacity with

channel conditions unchanged.

4.3.5 N+1 Protection

N+1 protection refers to the protection scheme in which N working channels in a microwave direction share one

protection channel. N+1 protection helps to increase the transmission bandwidth in a microwave direction and

provides protection.



42

4.3.6 ATPC

The automatic transmit power control (ATPC) function is an important function of a radio transmission system.

The ATPC function reduces the interference of a transmitter to adjacent systems and the residual bit error rate.

4.3.7 AM

The adaptive modulation (AM) function is a main characteristics in Integrated IP radiomode.

The AM function helps to adjust the modulation scheme based on the quality of channels. After the AM

technology is used, at the same channel spacing, the microwave service bandwidth varies with the modulation

scheme. The higher the modulation efficiency, the higher the bandwidth of the transmitted services.

When the channel quality is satisfactory (such as on days weather conditions are

favorable), the equipment adopts a high-efficiency modulation scheme to transmit more

user services. In this manner, the transmission efficiency and the spectrum utilization of the system are improved.

When the channel quality deteriorates (such as on days there is a storm or fog), the

equipment adopts a low-efficiency mode to transmit only the services with a

high-efficiency priority within the available bandwidth and to discard the services with a

lower priority. In this manner, the anti-interference capability of the radio link is

improved and the link availability of the services with a high-efficiency priority is

ensured.

The Integrated IP radio equipment supports the AM technology, in which the priorities of E1 services and packet

services can be set. With the AM technology used, service transmission is controlled based on the service

bandwidth and QoS policy corresponding to the current modulation scheme. The service with the highest priority

is transmitted with preference.

4.3.8 PLA/EPLA

Physical link aggregation (PLA) aggregates all Ethernet transmission paths in several Integrated IP radio links into

a logical Ethernet link for higher Ethernet bandwidth and Ethernet transmission reliability.Enhanced Physical Link

Aggregation (EPLA) is enhanced PLA.

4.4. Feature of NE series router

4.4.1 link features

Ethernet Link Features

This section describes the Ethernet link features of the NE40E.

The NE40E provides the following features on Ethernet interfaces:

Flow control and auto negotiation of rates

Bundling of interfaces of different rates

Binding of interfaces on different boards into one Eth-Trunk



43

Eth-Trunk member interfaces in active/standby mode

The NE40E can perform active/standby switchover automatically on Eth-Trunk member

interfaces when the link status of interfaces changes.

Addition or deletion of member interfaces to or from an Eth-Trunk interface

The NE40E can sense the Up or Down status of member interfaces, therefore dynamically changing the bandwidth of the Eth-Trunk.

Layer 2 and Layer 3 Eth-Trunk interfaces

E-Trunk, that is, Eth-Trunk interface whose member interfaces reside on different devices

Association between Eth-Trunk links and BFD

LACP defined in 802.3ad

The Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) maintains link status according to

interface status. LACP adjusts or disables link aggregation in the case of aggregation

changes.

Ethernet clock synchronization

1588v2 clock

VLAN sub-interfaces

Interface loopback, including local loopback and remote loopback

POS Link Features

This section describes the POS link features of the NE40E.

The NE40E provides the following POS features:

SDH/SONET encapsulation

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) on POS interfaces

PPP supports the following protocols:

− Link Control Protocol (LCP)

− Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)

− Multi-Protocol Label Switching Control Protocol (MPLSCP)

− Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)

− Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) on POS interfaces

IP-Trunk

The NE40E supports the following IP bundling modes:

− Inter-board IP bundling

− Inter-chassis IP bundling

− IP bundling of channels of different rates

− Dynamic creating and removing of IP-Trunk interfaces

− Bundling of a physical channel into an IP-Trunk by using commands on physical interfaces


Configuration of the MTUs for IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS packets

POS interfaces support SDH alarms at the section layer, line layer, and path layer.



44

The troubleshooting procedure for POS interfaces is as follows:

A POS interface prompts a fault and then notifies the control software on the board of the fault.

The control software of the board confirms the fault, updates the interface status, and

then notifies the MPU of the interface status.

The MPU instructs the routing protocol to perform route convergence.

To ensure fast route convergence and network stability, the SPF timer and LSP timer need to be configured on the

POS interface to function together with route convergence.

CPOS Link Features

This section describes the CPOS link features of the NE40E.

The NE40E provides the following CPOS features:

Channelization

The E1 interface channelized from a CPOS interface, in compliance with SAToP, can

transparently transmit unstructured TDM services through PWs on an MPLS network.

The E1 interface channelized from a CPOS interface, in compliance with CESoPSN, can transparently transmit structured TDM services through PWs on an MPLS network.

ML-PPP/PPP/HDLC/ATM/TDM/ATM IMA

The NE40E provides CPOS interfaces at 155 Mbit/s. At the link layer, CPOS interfaces support the following protocols:

− Frame Relay

− ML-PPP

− TDM

− ATM IMA


ATM Link Features

This section describes the ATM link features of the NE40E.

The NE40E provides the following ATM features:

SDH/SONET encapsulation

ATM interfaces on the NE40E support SONET/SDH encapsulation and the SONET/SDH overhead configuration and physical layer alarms.

Permanent Virtual Path (PVP) or PVC

PVPs or PVCs can be created on ATM interfaces:

− VP/VC-based traffic shaping

− User-to-Network Interface (UNI) signaling

− Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 in RFC 1483

− Classical IP and ARP over ATM in RFC 1577

− F4 or F5 End to End Loopback OAM

− AAL5



45

− Nonreal-time Variable Bit Rate (nrt_VBR)

− Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)

− Real-time Variable Bit Rate (rt_VBR)

− Constant Bit Rate (CBR)

IPoA

The NE40E supports the following modes in setting up the mapping between a PVC and

the IP address of the peer device:

− Static mapping

− Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (InARP)

ATM sub-interfaces

ATM OAM

The NE40E supports F4 and F5 OAM. OAM functions in detecting the status of PVPs or

PVCs.

1483B

1483B supported by the NE40E is applicable to IPoEoA. IPoEoA indicates that Ethernet

packets are carried over AAL5 and IP packets are carried over the Ethernet. This

implements Layer 2 forwarding of IPoEoA packets between the Ethernet and PVC. By

converging the ATM backbone network and the IP network, IPoEoA supports various Ethernet and IP services.

ATM cell relay

The NE40E supports PVC-based or PVP-based ATM cell relay and AAL5 SDU relay. The NE40E supports the following ATM cell relay modes:

− Interface-based ATM cell relay

− 1-to-1 VCC cell relay

− N-to-1 VCC cell relay

− 1-to-1 VPC cell relay

− N-to-1 VPC cell relay

− ATM AAL5-SDU VCC transport


Configuration of the MTUs for IPv4 and MPLS packets

Line clocks

Scrambling and descrambling of transmitted data

Configuration of the shutdown and undo shutdown commands on ATM interfaces

Configuration of the shutdown and undo shutdown commands on PVCs/PVPs

Configuration of the shutdown and undo shutdown commands on sub-interfaces

AAL5 SNAP encapsulation

Cell relay and IWF on different sub-interfaces of the same ATM interface

CE1/CT1/E3/CT3 Link Features

This section describes the CE1/CT1/E3/CT3 link features of the NE40E.

The NE40E provides CE1/CT1/E3/CT3 interfaces.

Serial interfaces can be channelized from CE1/CT1/E3/CT3 interfaces. CE1/CT1/E3/CT3 interfaces and their



46

serial interfaces support the following functions:

PPP

HDLC

CRTP/ECRTP


Configuration of the MTUs for IPv4 and MPLS packets

CE1/CT1 interfaces and their serial interfaces support the following link protocols:

ATM

TDM

ATM IMA

4.4.2 service features

4.4.3 Ethernet Features

This section describes the Ethernet features of the NE40E.

Layer 2 Ethernet Features

On the NE40E, Ethernet interfaces can work in switched mode at Layer 2 and support VLAN, VPLS, and QoS

services. Functioning as UNIs, Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces support MPLS VPN services.

The NE40E provides the following Layer 2 Ethernet features:

Default VLAN

VLAN trunk

VLANIF interfaces

VLAN aggregation

Inter-VLAN port isolation

Ethernet sub-interfaces

VLAN aggregated sub-interfaces

Port number-based VLAN division

VLAN mapping

VLAN stacking

MAC address limit

Unknown unicast/multicast/broadcast suppression

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)/Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)

RRPP with switching time less than 50 ms

Layer 3 Ethernet Features

The NE40E provides the following Layer 3 Ethernet features:



47

IPv4

IPv6

MPLS

Multicast

VLAN sub-interfaces

QoS

Ethernet sub-interfaces

VLAN aggregation sub-interfaces

QinQ Features

The NE40E provides abundant QinQ features to satisfy different networking requirements. The QinQ features are

as follows:

Identification of double VLAN tags (inner VLAN tag and outer VLAN tag)

Change of the outer VLAN ID

Removal of double VLAN tags and then addition of new double VLAN tags

QinQ mapping for the outer VLAN tag

QinQ interface supporting 802.1ag

Change of the EtherType value and 802.1p priority in the outer VLAN tag; copy of the 802.1p priority in the inner VLAN tag to the outer VLAN tag of double-tagged packets

Traffic classification based on the 802.1p priorities in the outer VLAN tags of packets

Rate limit on interfaces based on the 802.1p priorities in both inner and outer VLAN tags

Interface-based QinQ

Interface-based QinQ is applicable to the following scenarios:

− Access to a VPLS network to transparently transmit VLAN packets

− Access to an L2VPN or PWE3 to transparently transmit VLAN packets

VLAN-based QinQ

802.1ag

QinQ termination

EType in the outer tag of QinQ packets used for interoperation with devices of other vendors

Multicast QinQ

QinQ-based VLAN swapping

VLAN stacking can be applied in the following scenarios:

− Access to VPLS

− Access to VLL or PWE3

Translation sub-interface supporting 1to1, 1to2, 2to1, 2to2 VLAN tag translation

Sub-interface for QinQ VLAN tag termination supporting VLAN tag swapping

Sub-interface for dot1q VLAN tag termination, sub-interface for QinQ VLAN tag

termination, QinQ stacking sub-interface, and translation sub-interface supporting the block action

Sub-interfaces for QinQ VLAN tag termination accessing a VPLS network in

symmetrical mode supporting HQoS



48

Sub-interface for QinQ VLAN tag termination and sub-interface for dot1q VLAN tag

termination supporting IPv6 routing protocols

Sub-interface for QinQ VLAN tag termination and sub-interface for dot1q VLAN tag termination supporting BFDv6

Dynamic QinQ triggered by ND/DHCPv6 in IPv6 scenarios

Sub-interface for QinQ VLAN tag termination and sub-interface for dot1q VLAN tag termination supporting VRRPv6

Sub-interface for QinQ VLAN tag termination IPv4 URPF

Sub-interface for QinQ VLAN tag termination IPv6 URPF

Flexible Access to VPNs

In traditional access identification, user information or service information is identified through a single tag or

double tags. For example, the inner tag indicates user information and the outer tag indicates service information.

Different interfaces are configured with different double tags to access different VPNs. In some scenarios, the

access device does not support QinQ or a single tag is used for multiple services. In this case, the access device

may add service access information to the 802.1p or DSCP field. Then, the NE40E connected to the access device

needs to use the 802.1p or DSCP value to identify access users. This helps configure the accesses to different

VPNs and set up different QoS scheduling policies.

RRPP Link Features

The Rapid Ring Protection Protocol (RRPP) supports the following functions:

Polling mechanism

Link status change notification

Mechanism of checking the channel status of the sub-ring protocol packets on the major

ring

RSTP/MSTP Features

The NE40E supports the following:

RSTP

MSTP

MSTP provides BPDU protection to defend against such attacks. After the BPDU protection is enabled, the switch

shuts down the edge port that receives BPDUs. At the same time, the switch informs the NMS of the situation.

The edge port can be enabled by the network administrator.

NE40E can restrict the sending of Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocol packets such as RSTP and DHCP through

CP-CAR. This avoids influencing device performance.

BPDU Tunneling Features

The NE40E supports BPDU tunneling in the following modes:

Port-based BPDU tunneling

VLAN-based BPDU tunneling

QinQ-based BPDU tunneling

VLL-based transparent transmission of BPDUs

VPLS-based transparent transmission of BPDUs



49

4.4.4 IP Features

This section describes the IP features of the NE40E.

IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack

The IPv4/IPv6 dual stack can be easily implemented and can smoothly interoperate with other protocols. Figure

shows the structure of the IPv4/IPv6 dual stack.

IPv4/IPv6 dual stack

IPv4 Features

The NE40E supports the following IPv4 features:

TCP/IP protocol suite, including ICMP, IP, TCP, UDP, socket (TCP/UDP/Raw IP), and ARP

Static DNS and specified DNS server

FTP server/client and TFTP client

DHCP relay agent and DHCP server

Suppression of DHCP flooding

Ping, tracert, and NQA

NQA can detect the status of ICMP, TCP, UDP, DHCP, FTP, HTTP, and SNMP services

and test the response time of the services. The system supports NQA in UDP jitter and

ICMP jitter tests by sending and receiving packets on LPUs. The minimum interval at

which packets are transmitted can be 10 ms. Each LPU supports up to 100 concurrent jitter tests. The entire system supports up to 1000 concurrent jitter tests.

IP policy-based routing (PBR) and flow-based next hop to which packets are forwarded

IP PBR-based load balancing

Load balancing in unequal cost multiple path (UCMP) mode

Configuration of secondary IP addresses for all physical and logical interfaces

Each interface can be configured with a maximum of 255 secondary IP addresses with 31-bit masks.

IPv6 Features

The NE40E supports the following IPv6 features:

IPv4 IPv6

TCP UDP

IPv4/IPv6 Application

Link Layer



50

IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND)

Path MTU Discovery (PMTU)

TCP6, ping IPv6, tracert IPv6, and socket IPv6

Static IPv6 DNS and specified IPv6 DNS server

TFTP IPv6 client

IPv6 PBR

Telnet and SSH

IPv4/IPv6 Transition Technology

The NE40E provides the following IPv4/IPv6 transition technologies:

IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel

The NE40E adopts the following IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel modes:

− IPv6 manual tunnel

− IPv6 over IPv4 GRE tunnel

− IPv4 over IPv6 automatic tunnel

− 6 to 4 tunnel

6PE and 6vPE

4.4.5 Routing Protocol

This section describes the Routing Protocol of the NE40E.

Unicast Routing

The NE40E supports the following unicast routing features:

IPv4 routing protocols, including RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP4

IPv6 routing protocols, including Routing Information Protocol Next Generation (RIPng), OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, and BGP4+

Static routes that are manually configured by the administrator to simplify network configurations and improve network performance

Large-capacity routing table to effectively support the operation of a MAN.

Selection of the optimal route through the perfect routing policy

Import of routing information of other protocols

Use of routing policies in advertising and receiving routes and filtering of routes through

route attributes

Support for load balancing and configuring the maximum number of equal-cost routes 32-channel load balancing of IPv6 routes

Password authentication and MD5 authentication to improve network security

Restart of protocol processes through command lines

RIP-1 (classful routing protocol) and RIP-2 (classless routing protocol)

Advertisement of a default route from a RIP-enabled device to its peers and setting of the metric of this route

RIP-triggered updates

Disabling a specified interface from sending or receiving OSPF or RIP packets



51

Association between OSPF and BGP

Association between OSPF and LDP

Fast OSPF convergence, which can be implemented in the following manners:

− Adjusting the interval at which LSAs are sent

− Enabling OSPF GR

− Configuring BFD for OSPF

OSPF I-SPF and IS-IS I-SPF (I-SPF re-calculates only the affected routes of a shortest

path tree (SPT) rather the entire SPT)

OSPF PRC

OSPF calculation of link costs based on the reference bandwidth

Link costs can be manually configured or automatically calculated by the system based

on the reference bandwidth by using the following formula:

Link cost = Reference bandwidth/Interface bandwidth

The integer of the calculated result is the link cost. If the calculated result is smaller than

1, the cost is 1. The link cost can be changed by changing the reference bandwidth. By

default, the reference bandwidth of the NE40E is 100 Mbit/s. The value can be changed

to one in the range of 1 to 2147483648 in Mbit/s by running commands.

Two-level IS-IS in a routing domain

Association between IS-IS and LDP

IS-IS GR, OSPF GR and BGP GR, which ensure high reliability with Non-Stop Forwarding (NSF)

BGP indirect next hop and dynamic update peer-groups

Policy-based route selection by BGP when there are multiple routes to the same destination

BGP route reflector (RR), which addresses the problem of high costs of full-mesh requirement when there are many IBGP peers

Sending of BGP Update packets that carry no private AS number

IPv6 indirect next hop

Route dampening, which suppresses unstable routes (unstable routes are neither added to

the BGP routing table nor advertised to other BGP peers)

Routing protocol

BGP fast convergence

The NE40E adopts a new route convergence mechanism and algorithm, which speeds up convergence of BGP routes. The features are as follows:

− Indirect next hop

− On-demand route iteration

BGP load balancing in multi-homing networking

Non-Stop Routing (NSR)

The NE40E supports the following NSR modes:

− IS-IS NSR

− BGP NSR

Multicast Routing

The NE40E provides the following multicast features:



52

Multicast protocols

Multicast protocols include the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) (IGMPv1,

IGMPv2 and IGMPv3), Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM),

Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM), Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP), and Multi-protocol Border Gateway Protocol (MBGP).

Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF)

PIM-SSM

Anycast RP

IPv6 multicast routing protocols

IPv6 multicast routing protocols include PIM-IPv6-DM, PIM-IPv6-SM, and PIM-IPv6-SSM.

MLD

Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) has the following versions:

− MLDv1 defined in RFC 2710

MLDv1 supports Any-Source Multicast (ASM) directly and supports Source-Specific

Multicast (SSM) together with SSM mapping.

− MLDv2 defined in RFC 3810

MLDv2 supports ASM and SSM directly.

Multicast static routes

Configuration of multicast protocols on physical interfaces such as Ethernet and POS interfaces, and Trunk interfaces.

Filtering of routes based on the routing policy when the multicast routing module

receives, imports, or advertises multicast routes and filtering and forwarding of multicast packets based on the routing policy when IP multicast packets are forwarded

Multicast VPN

The multicast domain (MD) scheme is used to implement integrated processing.

Addition and deletion of dummy entries

Query of PIM neighbors and number of control messages

Filtering of PIM neighbors, control of the forwarding boundary, and control of the BSR

service and management boundary

Filtering and suppression of PIM Register messages

MSDP authentication

IGMP packet rate limiting and IGMP proxy

Prompt leave of IGMP and MLD group members and the use of group-policies to restrict the setup of forwarding entries

Configuration of ACLs, including source address-based packet filtering, control of

multicast group number, setup of multicast forwarding entries, and Switch-MDT switching, to ensure multicast security

Multicast group-based, multicast source-based, multicast source/group-based,

stable-preferred, and balance-preferred load splitting

IGMP snooping

Multicast flow control

The NE40E discards or broadcasts unknown multicast packets in the VLAN to which the

receiving interface belongs. Unknown multicast packets are packets that have no corresponding forwarding entries in the multicast forwarding table.



53

In addition, the NE40E restricts the maximum percentage of multicast flows on Ethernet

interfaces to control multicast traffic.

VSI-based IGMP CPCAR

Distributed multicast

Maximum delay of less than 4 ms for multicast fast join and fast leave

Multicast VLAN

The NE40E supports multicast VLAN and VLAN-based 1+1 protection of multicast traffic.

Multicast VPN

For details, see section "6.5 VPN Features".

Multicast CAC

The NE40E supports multicast Call Admission Control (CAC). When multicast CAC

rules are configured, the number of multicast groups and bandwidth are restricted for IGMP snooping on interfaces or the entire system.

4.4.6 MPLS

This section describes the MPLS feature of the NE40E.

The NE40E supports MPLS features, and static and dynamic LSPs. Static LSPs require that the administrator

configure the Label Switch Routers (LSRs) along the LSPs and set up LSPs manually. Dynamic LSPs are set up

dynamically in accordance with the routing information through the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) and

RSVP-TE.

The delay for MPLS packets can be controlled in the following aspects:

In the case that there is no traffic congestion, the NE40E adopts a high-speed processor to ensure line-rate forwarding and low delay.

In the case of traffic congestion, the NE40E ensures preferential forwarding and low

delay for traffic with high priority through mechanisms such as QoS, HQoS, MPLS TE,

and DS-TE.

MPLS is supported on all interfaces of the NE40E.

Basic MPLS Functions

The NE40E supports the following MPLS functions:

Basic MPLS functions, service forwarding, and LDP

MPLS distributes labels, sets up LSPs, and transfers parameters used for setting up LSPs.

A maximum of four MPLS labels

LDP

− Downstream Unsolicited (DU) and Downstream on Demand (DoD) label advertisement modes

− Independent and ordered label distribution control modes

− Liberal and conservative label retention modes

− Loop detection mechanism by using the maximum number of hops and path vector

− Basic discovery mechanism and extended discovery mechanism of LDP sessions



54

MPLS ping and tracert and detection of the availability of an LSP through the exchange

of MPLS Echo Request packets and MPLS Echo Reply packets

LSP bandwidth alarm function and LSP-based traffic statistics function that is used to calculate bandwidth usage

Configuration of 32-channel or 64-channel load balancing (on the ingress and transit

nodes) that is controlled by the PAF file, with 64-channel load balancing applicable to IP

forwarding, IP packet forwarding over LDP LSPs (including L3VPN), and packet forwarding on P nodes

Management functions such as the LSP loop detection mechanism

MPLS QoS, mapping from the ToS field in IP packets to the EXP field in MPLS packets, and MPLS uniform, pipe, and short pipe modes

Static configuration of LSPs and label forwarding based on traffic classification

MPLS trap function

Modification of MPLS MTUs

MPLS LDP over GRE

Association between LDP and IGP, which shortens traffic loss to the minimum through the synchronization between the LDP status and IGP status in case of network faults

NE40E functioning as a Label Edge Router (LER) or an LSR

An LER is an edge device on an MPLS network that connects the MPLS network to

other networks. The LER classifies services, distributes labels, encapsulates or removes

multi-layer labels. When functioning as an egress, the NE40E supports PHP. That is, the NE40E allocates an explicit null label or an implicit null label to the penultimate hop.

An LSR is a core router on an MPLS network. The LSR switches and distributes labels.

Establishment of LSPs between NE40Es of different IS-IS levels and between the NE40E and non-Huawei devices through LDP

MPLS supported by the NE40E complies with the following standards:

− RFC 3031

− RFC 3032

− RFC 3034

− RFC 3035

− RFC 3036

− RFC 3037

The NE40E supports CR-LDP and RSVP-TE and can interoperate with non-Huawei

devices through CR-LDP or RSVP-TE.

MPLS TE

The MPLS TE technology combines the MPLS technology with traffic engineering. It can reserve resources by

setting up LSP tunnels for a specified path in an attempt to avoid network congestion and balance network traffic.

In the case of resource scarcity, MPLS TE allows the preemption of bandwidth resources of LSPs with low

priorities. This meets the demands of important services or the LSPs with large bandwidth. When an LSP fails or a

node is congested, MPLS TE can ensure smooth network communication through the backup path and the fast

reroute (FRR) function. Through automatic re-optimization and bandwidth adjustment, MPLS TE improves the

self-adaptation capability of tunnels and properly allocates network resources.

The process of updating the network topology through the TEDB is as follows: When a link goes Down, the CSPF failed link timer is enabled. If the IGP route is deleted or the link is changed within the timeout period of the



55

CSPF failed link timer, CSPF deletes the timer and then updates the TEDB. If the IGP route is not deleted or the

link is not changed after the timeout period of the CSPF failed link timer expires, the link is considered Up.

MPLS TE provides the following functions:

Processing of static LSPs

MPLS can create and delete static LSPs, which require bandwidth but are manually configured.

Processing of Constrained Route-Label Switched Path (CR-LSP) of various types and

route calculation through the CSPF algorithm

CR-LSPs are classified into the following types:

RSVP-TE

RSVP authentication complies with RFC 3097.

Auto routing

Auto routing works in either of the following modes:

− IGP shortcut: An LSP is not advertised to neighboring routers. Therefore, other routers cannot use the LSP.

− Forwarding adjacency: An LSP is advertised to neighboring routers. Therefore, other

routers can use the LSP.

Fast reroute (FRR)

The switchover through FRR is within 50 ms, which minimizes the data loss when network faults occur.

Auto FRR

Auto FRR is an extension to MPLS TE FRR. You can create a bypass tunnel that meets

the requirement on the LSP by configuring the attributes of the bypass tunnel, global

auto FRR, and auto FRR on the interface of the primary tunnel. With the change of the

primary tunnel, the previous bypass tunnel is deleted automatically. Then, a new bypass tunnel that meets the requirement is set up.

Backup CR-LSP

The NE40E supports the following backup modes:

− Hot backup

A backup CR-LSP is established immediately after the primary CR-LSP is

established. When the primary CR-LSP fails, MPLS TE switches traffic immediately

to the backup CR-LSP.

− Ordinary backup

A backup CR-LSP is set up when the primary CR-LSP fails.

LDP over TE

In existing networks, not all devices support MPLS TE. It is possible that only the

devices at the network core support TE and the devices at the network edge use LDP.

The application of LDP over TE is therefore put forward. With LDP over TE, the TE

tunnel is considered as a hop of the entire LDP LSP. Through forwarding adjacency, one

MPLE TE tunnel can be considered as a virtual link and advertised to an IGP network.

Make-before-break

Make-before-break is a technology for ensuring highly reliable CR-LSP switchover. The

original path is not deleted until a new path has been created. Before a new CR-LSP is created, the original CR-LSP is not deleted. After a new CR-LSP has been created, the



56

traffic is switched to the new CR-LSP first, and then the original CR-LSP is deleted. This

ensures non-stop traffic forwarding.

DS-TE

DS-TE implemented on the NE40E supports the Non-IETF mode and the IETF mode.

− The Non-IETF (non-standard) mode supports two CTs (CT0 and CT1), eight priorities (0-7), and two bandwidth constraint models (RDM and MAM).

The CT here refers to the class type of a corresponding service flow. The priority here refers to the LSP preemption priority.

− The IETF (standard) mode supports eight CTs (CT0 through CT7), eight priorities (0-7), and three bandwidth constraint models (RDM, MAM, and Extended).

DS-TE supports TE FRR, hot standby, protection switchover, and CT-based traffic

statistics collection.

MPLS OAM

MPLS OAM functions are as follows:

MPLS OAM detection

MPLS OAM sends CV/FFD and BDI packets along an LSP to be detected and its reverse LSP to detect its connectivity.

OAM auto protocol

Protection switching

4.4.7 VPN Features

This section describes the Ethernet features of the NE40E.

Tunnel Policy

Tunnel policies are used to select tunnels according to destination IP addresses. Tunnels are selected according to

tunnel policies as required. If no tunnel policy is created, the tunnel management module searches for a tunnel

according to the default tunnel policy.

The NE40E supports the following tunnel policies:

Tunnel policy in select-sequence mode

In this mode, you need to specify the sequence in which the tunnel types are selected and

the number of tunnels carrying out load balancing. If a tunnel listed earlier is Up, it is

selected regardless of whether other services have selected it. The tunnels listed later are not selected except in case of load balancing or when the preceding tunnels are all Down.

VPN tunnel binding

VPN tunnel binding means that the peer end of the VPN on the PE of the VPN backbone

network is associated with a certain MPLS TE tunnel. The data from the VPN to the peer

PE is transmitted through the dedicated TE tunnel. The bound TE tunnel carries only

specified VPN services. This ensures QoS of the specified VPN services.

VPN Tunnel

The NE40E supports the following types of VPN tunnels:

LSPs



57

TE tunnels

MPLS L2VPN

The NE40E provides L2VPN services over an MPLS network where the ISP can provide L2VPNs over different

media.

VLL

The NE40E supports the following VLL functions:

Martini VLL

The Martini mode supports double labels. The inner label adopts extended LDP for signaling in compliance with RFC 4096.

The type of VC FEC is 128. VC encapsulation types include 0x0004 Ethernet Tagged

Mode, 0x0005 Ethernet, and 0x000B IP Layer2 Transport.

Kompella VLL

VC encapsulation types of Kompella VLL include ATM-1to1-VCC, ATM-1to1-VPC,

ATM-AAL5-SDU, ATM-nto1-VCC, ATM-nto1-VPC, ATM-trans-cell, Ethernet, PPP, VLAN, and IP-interworking.

Kompella VLL supports the local inter-board switching of packets in 802.1Q mode.

Kompella VLL supports inter-AS VPN.

CCC VLL

CCC VLL supports the local inter-board switching of packets in 802.1Q mode

SVC VLL

VLL heterogeneous interworking

VLL heterogeneous IP-interworking is used when the link types of CEs on both ends of

an L2VPN link are different. In MPLS L2VPN heterogeneous IP-interworking, after

receiving a frame from a CE, a PE decapsulates the link-layer packet and transmits the IP

packet across an MPLS network. The IP packet is transparently transmitted to the peer

PE. The peer PE re-encapsulates IP packet according to its link layer protocol and

transmits the packet to the connected CE. The link-layer control packet sent by the CE is

processed by the PE and is not transmitted through the MPLS network. All non-IP packets such as MPLS and IPX packets are discarded.

Transparent transmission of certain types of link layer protocol packets

Interfaces can be configured to transparently transmit certain types of link layer protocol

packets, such as BPDUs, STP packets, LLDP packets, UDLD packets, CDP packets.

Inter-AS VLL

− SVC VLL, Martini VLL, and Kompella VLL can implement inter-AS L2VPN Option A (VRF-to-VRF).

− Option B requires the switching of both inner and outer labels on the ASBR, and is therefore not suitable for the VLL.

− Option C is the best solution.

VLL over TE ECMP

VPLS

In a VPLS network, PEs can be all connected to each other and enabled with split horizon to prevent Layer 2 loops.



58

The implementations of VPLS control plane through BGP and LDP are called Kompella VPLS and Martini VPLS

respectively.

Kompella VPLS

Kompella VPLS has good scalability. With Kompella VPLS, BGP is adopted for

signaling, and VPN targets are configured to implement automatic discovery of VPLS members. Therefore, the addition or deletion of PEs requires few additional operations.

Martini VPLS

Martini VPLS has poor scalability. With Martini VPLS, LDP is adopted for signaling,

and the peers of a PE need to be manually specified. The PEs in a VPLS network are all

connected to each other. Therefore, adding a new PE requires configurations on all the

other associated PEs to be modified.A pseudo wire (PW) is actually a point-to-point link. This means that using LDP to create, maintain, and delete the PW is more effective.

The NE40E supports the following VPLS functions:

Access to the VPLS network in QinQ mode

HVPLS

IGMP snooping for VPLS

One MAC address space for each VSI

VPLS learns MAC addresses in the following modes:

− Unqualified mode: In this mode, a VSI can contain multiple VLANs sharing a MAC

address space and a broadcast domain. When learning MAC addresses, VPLS also needs to learn VLAN IDs.

− Qualified mode: In this mode, a VSI has only one VLAN, which has an independent

MAC address space and a broadcast domain. When learning MAC addresses, VPLS

does not need to learn VLAN IDs.

VPLS/HVPLS equal-cost load balancing

Fast switching of multicast traffic

mVPLS

STP over PW

STP over VPLS

Transparent transmission of certain types of link layer protocol packets

Interfaces can be configured to transparently transmit certain types of link layer protocol packets, such as BPDUs, STP packets, LLDP packets, UDLD packets, CDP packets.

Ethernet loop detection

PBB over VPLS

PBB VPLS interworking

The NE40E supports MP2MP PBB over VPLS to implement intercommunication between VPLS and PBB networks.

PWE3

The NE40E supports the following PWE3 functions:

Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification PING (VCCV-PING)

The NE40E supports the manual LDP PW connectivity detection on the UPE, including the connectivity of static PWs, dynamic PWs, SS-PWs, and MS-PWs.



59

VCCV Ping over a static MS-PW

PW template

The NE40E supports the binding between a PW and a PW template, and the reset of

PWs.

The NE40E supports heterogeneous interworking.

Currently, the NE40E supports the transparent transmission of the following packets

through PWE3: ATM AAL5 SDU VCC transport, Ethernet, ATM n-to-one VCC cell transport, IP Layer 2 transport, and ATM one-to-one VCC cell mode.

PW redundancy

The NE40E supports the circuit emulation service (CES) by using Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3).

The CES is classified into the Structure-aware TDM Circuit Emulation Service over

Packet Switched Network (CESoPSN) and Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet (SAToP) service.

BGP/MPLS L3VPN

The NE40E supports MPLS/BGP L3VPN, providing an end-to-end VPN solution for carriers. Carriers can

provide VPN services for users as a new value-added service. The NE40E supports the following BGP/MPLS

L3VPN functions:

Access of a CE to an L3VPN through Layer 3 interfaces such as Ethernet, POS, and VLANIF interfaces

Static routes, BGP, RIP, OSPF, or IS-IS running between a CE and a PE

Carrier's carrier

Inter-AS VPN

The NE40E supports the following inter-AS VPN solutions described in RFC 2547bis:

− VPN instance to VPN instance, also called Inter-Provider Backbones Option A

In Option A, sub-interfaces connecting the Autonomous System Boundary Routers (ASBRs) manage VPN routes.

− EBGP redistribution of labeled VPN-IPv4 routes, also called Inter-Provider

Backbones Option B

In Option B, ASBRs advertise labeled VPN-IPv4 routes to each other through MP-EBGP.

− Multihop EBGP redistribution of labeled VPN-IPv4 routes, also called Inter-Provider Backbones Option C

In Option C, PEs advertise labeled VPN-IPv4 routes to each other through Multihop

MP-EBGP.

Multicast VPN

IPv6 VPN

The NE40E supports the following IPv6 VPN networking solutions:

− Intranet VPN

− Extranet VPN

− Hub&Spoke

− Inter-AS or multi-AS backbones VPN

− Carriers' carrier



60

HoVPN

Multi-role host

4.4.8 QoS

This section describes the QoS features of the NE40E.

On the NE40E, you can collect traffic statistics on the packets on which QoS is performed and view the statistics

result through corresponding display commands.

The NE40E supports the following QoS functions:

Diff-Serv Model

Multiple service flows can be aggregated into a Behavior Aggregate (BA) and then processed based on the same

Per-Hop Behavior (PHB). This simplifies the processing and storage of services.

On the Diff-Serv core network, packet-specific QoS is provided. Therefore, signaling processing is not required.

Simple Traffic Classification

Currently, the NE40E supports simple traffic classification not only on physical interfaces and sub-interfaces but

also on logical interfaces such as member interfaces of VLANIF and trunk interfaces.

Complex Traffic Classification

The NE40E performs complex traffic classification based on the following information:

Layer 2 and Layer 3 information of packets

Source MAC address, destination MAC address, link layer protocol number, and 802.1p

value (of tagged packets) in the Ethernet frame header; IP precedence, DSCP, or ToS

value, source IP address prefix, destination IP address prefix, protocol number,

fragmentation flag, TCP SYN flag, TCP/UDP source port number or port range, and TCP/UDP destination port number or port rang of IPv4 packets

Information carried in IPv6 packets

In addition to physical interfaces, traffic classification can be performed on logical

interfaces, including sub-interfaces and trunk interfaces.

Traffic Policing

CAR is mainly used for rate limit. In the implementation of CAR, a token bucket is used to measure the data

flows that pass through the interfaces on a router so that only the packets assigned with tokens can go through the

router in the specified time period. In this manner, the rates of both incoming and outgoing traffic are controlled.

In addition, the rate of certain types of data flows can be controlled based on the information such as the IP

address, port number, and priority. Rate limit is not performed on the data flows that do not meet the specified

conditions, and such data flows are forwarded at the original interface rate.

CAR is mainly implemented at the edge of a network to ensure that core devices on the network process data

properly. The NE40E supports CAR for both incoming and outgoing traffic.



61

Queue Scheduling

The NE40E supports FIFO, PQ, and WFQ for queue scheduling on interfaces.

The NE40E maps packets of different priorities to different queues and adopts Round Robin (RR) on each

interface for queue scheduling.

Priority Queues (PQs) are classified into four types: top PQs, middle PQs, normal PQs, and bottom PQs. They are

ordered in descending order of priorities. When packets leave queues, PQ allows the packets in the top PQ to go

first. Packets in the top PQ are sent as long as there are packets in this PQ. The NE40E sends packets in the

middle PQ only when all packets in the top PQ are sent. Similarly, the NE40E sends packets in the normal PQ

only when all packets in the middle PQ are sent; the NE40E sends packets in the bottom PQ only when all packets

in the normal PQ are sent. As a result, the packets in the PQ of a higher priority are always sent preferentially,

which ensures that packets of key services are processed preferentially when the network is congested. Packets of

common services are processed when the network is idle. In this manner, the quality of key services is guaranteed,

and the network resources are fully utilized.

Weight Fair Queuing (hereinafter referred to as WFQ) is a complex queuing process, which ensures that the

services with the same priority are fairly treated and the services with different priorities are weighted. The

number of WFQ queues can be pre-set and is allowed to range from 16 to 4096. WFQ weights services based on

their requirements for the bandwidth and delay. The weights are determined by the IP precedence in the IP packet

headers. With WFQ, the NE40E implements dynamic traffic classification based on quintuples or ToS values. The

packets with the same quintuple (source IP address, destination IP address, source port number, destination port

number, and protocol number) or ToS value belong to the same flow. Packets in one flow are placed in one queue

through the Hash algorithm. When flows enter queues, WFQ automatically places different flows into different

queues based on the Hash algorithm. When flows leave queues, WFQ allocates bandwidths to flows on the

outbound interface based on different IP precedence of the flows. The smaller the precedence weight value of a

flow, the smaller the bandwidth of the flow. In this manner, services of the same precedence are treated fairly;

services of different precedence are treated based on their weights.

Congestion Avoidance

Congestion avoidance is a traffic control mechanism used to avoid network overload by adjusting network traffic.

With this mechanism, the NE40E can monitor the usage of network resources (such as queues and buffers in the

memory) and discard packets when the network congestion intensifies.

Random Early Detection (RED) or Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) algorithms are frequently used in

congestion avoidance.

The RED algorithm sets the upper and lower limits for each queue and specifies the following rules:

When the length of a queue is below the lower limit, no packet is discarded.

When the length of a queue exceeds the upper limit, all the incoming packets are discarded.

When the length of a queue is between the lower and upper limits, the incoming packets

are discarded randomly. A random number is set for each received packet, and the

random number is compared with the drop probability of the current queue. The packet

is discarded when the random number is larger than the drop probability. The longer the

queue, the higher the drop probability. The drop probability, however, has an upper limit.

Unlike RED, the random number in WRED is based on the IP precedence of IP packets. WRED keeps a lower

drop probability for the packets that have a higher IP precedence.

RED and WRED employ the random packet drop policy to avoid global TCP synchronization. The NE40E adopts



62

WRED to implement congestion avoidance.

The NE40E supports congestion avoidance in both inbound and outbound directions of an interface. The WRED

template is applied in the outbound direction; the default scheduling policy in the system is applied in the inbound

direction. In addition, WRED can be applied to the Multicast Tunnel interface (MTI) that is bound to the

distributed multicast VPN on the NE40E.

The NE40E supports congestion avoidance based on services. The NE40E reserves on each interface eight service

queues, that is, BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6, and CS7. The NE40E colors packets with red, yellow, and

green to identify the priorities of packets and discard certain packets.

HQoS

The NE40E supports the following HQoS functions:

Provides five levels of scheduling modes to ensure diverse services.

Sets parameters such as the maximum queue length, WRED, low delay, SP/WRR, CBS, PBS, and statistics function for each queue.

Sets parameters such as the CIR, PIR, number of queues, and algorithm for scheduling

queues for each user.

Provides the traffic statistics function. Users can learn the bandwidth usage of services and properly distribute the bandwidth by analyzing traffic.

Supports HQoS in the VPLS, L3VPN, VLL, and TE scenarios.

Supports interface-based, VLAN-based, user-based, and service-based HQoS.

QPPB

QPPB is the abbreviation of QoS Policy Propagation Through the Border Gateway Protocol.

The receiver of BGP routes performs the following operations:

Sets QoS parameters such as IP precedence and traffic behavior for a BGP route based on the attributes of the route.

Classifies traffic according to QoS parameters and sets the QoS policy for the classified traffic.

Forwards packets according to the locally configured QoS policies to propagate QoS

policies through BGP.

The receiver of BGP routes can set QoS parameters (IP precedence and associated traffic behavior) based on the

following attributes:

ACL

AS path list in routing information

Community attribute list in routing information

Metrics in routing information

IP prefix list

QoS for Ethernet

Layer 2 simple traffic classification



63

The NE40E performs simple traffic classification according to the 802.1p field in VLAN

packets. On the ingress PE, the 802.1p priority in a Layer 2 packet is mapped to the

precedence defined by the upper layer protocol, such as the IP DSCP value or the MPLS

EXP value. In this manner, Diff-Serv is implemented for the packets on the backbone

network. On the egress PE, the precedence of the upper layer protocol is mapped back to the 802.1p priority.

QinQ simple traffic classification

In the QinQ implementation, the 802.1p values in both inner and outer VLAN tags need to be detected. The NE40E can detect the 802.1p value by the following means:

− Ignores the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag and sets a new 802.1p value in the outer VLAN tag.

− Automatically converts the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag into the 802.1p value

in the outer VLAN tag.

− Sets a new 802.1p value in the outer VLAN tag according to the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag.

Based on the preceding methods and the mapping of the inner VLAN tag to the outer VLAN tag, QinQ supports 802.1p re-marking in the following modes:

− Specifying a given value.

− Adopting the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag.

− Mapping the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag to the 802.1p value in the outer

VLAN tag. The 802.1p values in multiple inner VLAN tags of different packets can

be mapped to the 802.1p value in one outer VLAN tag; whereas the 802.1p value in

one inner VLAN tag cannot be mapped to the 802.1p values in multiple outer VLAN tags of different packets.

MPLS HQoS

MPLS QoS is a complete L2VPN/L3VPN QoS solution. It resorts to various QoS techniques to meet the

diversified and delicate QoS demands of VPN users. MPLS QoS provides relative QoS on the MPLS Diff-Serv

network and end-to-end QoS on the MPLE TE network. In actual applications, the following QoS policies are

supported.

QPPB applied to an L3VPN

MPLS Diff-Serv applied to an L2VPN/L3VPN

MPLS TE applied to an L2VPN/L3VPN

MPLS DS-TE applied to an L2VPN/L3VPN

VPN-based QoS applied to the network side of an L2VPN/L3VPN

4.4.9 Load Balancing

This section describes the Load Balancing features of the NE40E.

In a scenario where there are multiple equal-cost routes to the same destination, the NE40E can balance traffic

among these routes. The NE40E provides equal-cost load balancing and unequal-cost load balancing, which can

be selected as required. In equal-cost load balancing mode, traffic is evenly load-balanced among different routes.

In unequal-cost load balancing mode, traffic is load-balanced among different routes based on the proportion of

bandwidth of each interface.



64

Equal-Cost Load Balancing

The NE40E can implement equal-cost load balancing on the traffic transmitted through the member links of an

IP-Trunk or an Eth-Trunk. When there are multiple equal-cost routes to the same destination, the NE40E can

evenly balance traffic among these routes.

Load balancing can be implemented in session-by-session mode.

Unequal-Cost Load Balancing

The NE40E supports the following unequal-cost load balancing modes:

Load balancing based on routes

When the costs of different direct routes are the same, you can configure a weight for each route for load balancing.

Load balancing based on interfaces

For an IP-Trunk or an Eth-Trunk, you can configure a weight for each member link for

load balancing.

Load balancing based on link bandwidth for IGP

In this mode, unequal-cost session-by-session load balancing is performed on the

outbound interfaces of paths carrying out load balancing. The proportion of traffic

transmitted along each path is approximate to or equal to the proportion of bandwidth of

each link. This mode fully considers the link bandwidth. In this manner, the case that

links with low bandwidth are overloaded whereas links with high bandwidth are idle does not exist.

The NE40E can balance traffic between physical interfaces or between physical interfaces and logical interfaces.

In addition, the NE40E can detect the changes of logical interface bandwidth due to manual configuration of new

member links or the status changes of member links. When the bandwidth of a logical interface changes, traffic is

automatically load-balanced based on the new bandwidth proportion.

4.4.10 Traffic Statistics

This section describes the Traffic Statistics features of the NE40E.

The NE40E collects the statistics on access services for various users with multiple statistic functions. The traffic

statistics functions are as follows:

The traffic statistics functions are as follows:

Helps carriers analyze the traffic model of the network.

Provides reference data for carriers to deploy and maintain Diff-Serv TE.

Supports traffic-based accounting for non-monthly rental users.

URPF Traffic Statistics

The NE40E collects statistics on the forwarded traffic based on URPF and the traffic discarded during the URPF

check.



65

ACL Traffic Statistics

The NE40E supports the ACL traffic statistics function. When the created ACLs are applied to QoS and PBR, the

NE40E can collect statistics based on ACLs after the ACL traffic statistics function is enabled. The NE40E also

provides commands to query the number of matched packets and bytes.

CAR Traffic Statistics

The NE40E provides diverse QoS functions such as traffic classification, traffic policing (CAR), and queue

scheduling. For these specific functions, the NE40E provides the following QoS traffic statistics functions:

In traffic classification, the system can collect statistics on the traffic that matches rules and fails to match rules.

The traffic statistics function for traffic policing is implemented in the following manners:

− Collects the statistics on the total traffic that matches the CAR rule.

− Collects the statistics on the traffic that is permitted or discarded by the CAR rule.

− Supports the interface-based traffic statistics.

− Supports interface-based CAR traffic statistics when the same traffic policy is applied

to different interfaces.

HQoS Traffic Statistics

The NE40E can collect the following HQoS traffic statistics:

Statistics on the number of forwarding packets, bytes, and discarded packets of a user queue which includes eight flow queues of different priorities

Statistics on the number of forwarded packets, bytes, and discarded packets of a user group queue

Statistics on the number of forwarded packets, bytes, and discarded packets of eight

queues of different priorities on an interface

Interface-Based Traffic Statistics

Traffic statistics can be collected on all interfaces, including physical interfaces, sub-interfaces, loopback

interfaces, null interfaces, logical channel interfaces, and virtual Ethernet interfaces.

Statistics on IPv4 and IPv6 packets, including unicast packets, multicast packets, and broadcast packets, can also

be collected.

Statistics on all protocol packets that are supported can be collected, such as MPLS packets, ARP packets, IGP

packets, BGP packets, PIM packets, and DHCP packets.

The NE40E uses the 64-bit register to store the interface-based traffic statistics. For example, the register can store

the traffic statistics on a 10G interface for 58.5 years.

VPN Traffic Statistics

On a VPLS network, the NE40E, functioning as a PE, can collect statistics on incoming and outgoing traffic of

L2VPN users that are connected to the NE40E.



66

On an L3VPN, the NE40E, functioning as a PE, can collect statistics on incoming and outgoing traffic of various

types of access users. The access users include:

Users that access the network through interfaces including logical interfaces

Multi-role hosts

Users that access the network through the VPLS/VLL

When MPLS HQoS services are configured, the NE40E, functioning as an ingress PE,

can collect statistics on the traffic that is sent by the network side.

Traffic Statistics on TE Tunnels

The NE40E, functioning as a PE on an MPLS TE network, can collect statistics on incoming and outgoing traffic

of a tunnel. When a VPN is statically bound to a TE tunnel, the NE40E can collect statistics on traffic of each

RRVPN over the TE tunnel and the total traffic over the TE tunnel.

Statistics can be collected on traffic of each CT on a DS-TE tunnel.

4.4.11 IP RAN Features

PNP

Plug-and-Play (PNP) enables new devices to be automatically identified by the NMS and be commissioned

remotely by using the NMS.

On an IP RAN network deployed with a large number of devices, the device deployment costs, especially the

costs of on-site software commissioning, are high. This greatly harms the growth of profits. To address this issue,

Huawei puts forward the PNP solution.

The PNP feature effectively reduces the on-site software commissioning time, frees engineers from working in

bad outdoor environments, and greatly speeds up the project process and improves project quality.

Y.1731

Y.1731 supports the following functions:

Single-ended frame loss statistics collection, two-ended frame loss statistics collection, one-way frame delay, two-way frame delay and one-way jitter

MPLS TP OAM

MPLS TP OAM supports the following functions:

Basic connectivity detection

LoopBack (LB)

Link Trace (LT)

Remote Defect Indication (RDI)

AIS

Single-ended frame loss statistics collection and two-ended frame loss statistics collection

One-way frame delay and two-way frame delay



67

4.4.12 Network Reliability

This section describes the Network Reliability of the NE40E.

NSR

NE40E supports the following techniques of Non-Stop Routing (NSR).

NSR OSPF

NSR LDP

NSR RSVP-TE

NSR PIM

NSR PPP

NSR ARP

NSR LACP

NSR for L2VPN

NSR for L3VPN

ISIS/ISIS6 NSR

BGP/BGP4+ NSR

Multicast (PIM/MSDP) NSR

NSR for IPv6

APS

The NE40E supports the following Automatic Protection Switching (APS) functions:

1+1 unidirectional mode and 1:1 bidirectional mode

Manual switching of APS groups

Forcible switching of APS groups

Locking of traffic on the working link of an APS group

Interface-based APS

Intra-LPU or inter-LPU APS

Inter-device APS, that is, Enhanced APS (E-APS)

Addition of the working and protect interfaces of an APS group to a trunk so that all services are configured on the trunk

FRR

The NE40E provides multiple fast reroute (FRR) features. You can deploy FRR as required to improve network

reliability.

IP FRR

FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms. In this manner, the data loss caused by network failures is minimized to a great extend.

FRR supported by the NE40E enables the system to monitor and save the status of LPUs

and interfaces in real time and to check the status of interfaces during packet forwarding.



68

When faults occur on an interface, the system can rapidly switch the traffic to another

pre-set route, thus reducing time between failures and the packet loss ratio.

LDP FRR

LDP FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms.

TE FRR

TE FRR is an MPLS TE technology used to protect local networks. Only the interfaces

with a transmission rate of over 100 Mbit/s support TE FRR. TE FRR switching can be complete within 50 ms. It can minimize data loss when network failures occur.

TE FRR protects traffic only temporarily. When the protected LSP becomes normal or a

new LSP is established, traffic is switched back to the original protected LSP or the

newly established LSP.

When a link or a node on the LSP fails, traffic is switched to the protection link and the

ingress node of the LSP attempts to establish a new LSP, if an LSP is configured with TE FRR.

With different protected objects, TE FRR is classified into the following types:

− Link protection

− Node protection

Auto FRR

Auto FRR is an extension of MPLS TE FRR. It automatically creates a bypass tunnel

that meets the requirements for the LSP through the configuration of the attributes of the

bypass tunnel, global auto FRR attributes, and interface-based auto FRR attributes on the

interface of the primary tunnel. When the primary tunnel changes to another path, the

previous bypass tunnel is automatically deleted. Then, a bypass tunnel that meets the

requirements is set up.

VLL FRR

VLL FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms.

VPN FRR

VPN FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms.

Backup of Key Parts

The NE40E can be equipped with one MPU or two MPUs. The MPUs support hot backup. If the device is

configured with two MPUs, the master MPU works and the slave MPU is in the standby state. The management

network interface on the slave MPU cannot be accessed by users, and the console and AUX interfaces cannot be

configured with any command. The slave MPU exchanges information (including heartbeat messages and backup

data) with only the master MPU.

The system supports two types of master/slave switchover of MPUs: failover and switchover. The failover is

triggered by serious faults in the master MPU or the reset of the master MPU. The switchover is triggered by

commands that are run on the console interface. You can also forbid the master/slave switchover of the MPUs by

using commands on the console interface. The system generates alarms, records the faults in the log file, and

reports the alarms to the NMS. The cause of the master/slave switchover and the associated operations are

recorded in the system diagnosis information base for users to analyze.

The system provides two clock boards in master/slave backup mode. If the system detects that the master clock

board becomes faulty or is reset through a command, the system automatically performs the master/slave

switchover of clock boards. The master/slave switchover of clock boards does not result in phase offsets or

interrupt services.

The master/slave switchover time of each key part is less than 100 us.



69

High Reliability of LPUs

The NE40E supports backup of key service interfaces of the same type through protocols.

Supports VRRP on Ethernet interfaces. With extended VRRP, two interfaces located on a

same NE40E or two NE40Es can back up each other. This ensures high reliability of the interfaces.

Supports backup of Eth-Trunk member interfaces, or backup of Eth-Trunk or IP-Trunk

member interfaces and non-member interfaces.

Supports the bundling of interfaces on different LPUs into a trunk.

You can access different LPUs through double links and bundle interfaces on different

LPUs into a trunk to ensure high reliability of services.

Inter-LPU bundling is implemented by high-performance hardware engines, thus ensuring load balancing of packets among different links.

The Hash algorithm based on the combination of the source and destination IP addresses load-balances traffic evenly on links.

Seamless switchover is implemented in the case of a link failure so that services are

forwarded without interruption.

Through extended protocols, the NE40E backs up key service interfaces. In this manner, core routers can monitor

and back up the running status of interfaces when they carry LAN, MAN, or WAN services. Therefore, the routing

table is not affected when the status of the backup interface needs to be changed and services recover rapidly.

Transmission Alarm Suppression

Transmission alarm suppression can efficiently filter and suppress alarm signals. This prevents interfaces from

frequently flapping. In addition, transmission alarm customization enables the control over the impact brought by

alarms on the interface status.

Transmission alarm customization and suppression implement the following functions:

Customizes alarms. This can specify the alarms that can cause the change of the interface

status.

Suppresses alarms. This can filter out the burr and prevent the network from frequently flapping.

Dual-System Hot Backup

The NE40E supports the following dual-system hot backup functions:

1+1 or 1:1 hot backup of ARP traffic

Ethernet OAM Fault Management

Ethernet OAM fault management includes the following functions:

Ethernet in the First Mile OAM (EFM OAM)

Conforming to IEEE 802.3ah, the NE40E supports point-to-point Ethernet fault

management to detect faults in the last mile of the direct link on the user side of the

Ethernet. Currently, the NE40E supports OAM discovery, link monitoring, remote fault notification, and remote loopback, as defined in IEEE 802.3ah.

Connectivity Fault Management OAM (CFM OAM)



70

The following describes end-to-end Ethernet fault management in two aspects.

− Hierarchical MD

Each MD has a level that ranges from 0 to 7. The greater the value, the higher the

level. The 802.1ag packets from a low-level MD are discarded when entering a

high-level MD. The 802.1ag packets from a high-level MD can be transmitted through a low-level MD.

− End-to-end fault detection and location

The NE40E realizes end-to-end Ethernet fault management by conforming to IEEE

802.1ag or not.

The NE40E supports MAC ping and MAC trace by transmitting Loop Back (LB) and

Link Trace (LT) messages defined in IEEE 802.1ag to locate faults.

Fault detection and location not conforming to IEEE 802.1ag include general MAC ping and general MAC trace.

Ethernet OAM Performance Management

Conforming to ITU-T Y.1731, the NE40E supports Ethernet OAM performance management by inserting the

timestamp into 802.1ag LB messages to measure the delay, jitter, and packet loss ratio when the messages are

transmitted. In this manner, the NE40E can detect the end-to-end performance of traffic in a specified time period

and on a specified network segment. The NE40E can measure performance parameters at scheduled time and

output report containing the network management information.

By using performance management tools, the ISP can monitor the network status in real time through the NMS.

The ISP then check whether the forwarding capacity of the network complies with the Service Level Agreement

(SLA) signed with users and locate faults. The ISP does not need to carry out detection on the user side, which

greatly decreases maintenance costs.

VRRP

VRRP dynamically associates the virtual router with a physical router that carries services. When the physical

router fails, another router is elected to take over services. Failover is transparent to users and thus the internal

network and the external network can communicate without interruption.

The NE40E supports the following VRRP functions:

mVRRP

VGMP

E-VRRP

VRRP For IPv6

GR

Graceful Restart (GR) is a key technology in implementing HA. It is designed based on NSF. GR switchover and

subsequent restart can be performed by the administrator or triggered by faults. GR neither deletes the routing

information from the routing table or the FIB nor resets the board during the switchover when faults occur. This

prevents the service interruption of the entire system.

The NE40E supports system-level GR and protocol-level GR. Protocol-based GR includes:

BGP GR

OSPF GR



71

IS-IS GR

MPLS LDP GR

Martini VLL GR

Martini VPLS GR

L3VPN GR

RSVP GR

PIM GR

BFD

BFD is a detection mechanism used uniformly in an entire network. It is used to rapidly detect and monitor the

connectivity of links or IP routes in a network.

BFD sends detection packets at both ends of a bidirectional link to check the link status in both directions. The

defect detection is implemented at the millisecond level. The NE40E supports single-hop BFD and multi-hop

BFD.

BFD of the NE40E supports the following applications.

BFD for VRRP

The system uses BFD to detect and monitor the connectivity of links or IP routes in a network. The rapid VRRP switchover is thus triggered.

BFD for FRR

− BFD for LDP FRR.

− LDP FRR switchover is triggered after BFD detects faults on protected interfaces.

− BFD for IP FRR and BFD for VPN FRR.

− IP FRR and VPN FRR are triggered after BFD detects faults and reports fault information to the upper layer applications.

BFD for static routes

BFD for IS-IS

The NE40E supports detection on the IS-IS adjacency by using the BFD session that is configured statically.

BFD detects the fault of the link between the adjacent IS-IS nodes and rapidly reports the

fault to IS-IS. Thus fast convergence of IS-IS routes is performed.

BFD for OSPF/BGP

The NE40E supports OSPF and BGP in dynamically setting up and deleting the BFD session.

BFD for PIM

BFD detection on IP-Trunks and Eth-Trunks

On the NE40E, BFD can detect a trunk and the member links of the trunk independently.

That is, it can detect the connectivity of the trunk and that of an important member link of the trunk.

BFD for LSP

BFD for LSP performs fast fault detection of the LSP, the TE tunnel, and the PW. In this

manner, BFD for LSP implements fast switchover of MPLS services such as VPN FRR, TE FRR, and VLL FRR.

BFD for Dot1q sub-interface



72

BFD for mVSI

Multi-hop BFD

BFD For IPv6

BFD for OSPFv3, BFD for ISISv6, BFD for BGP4+, and BFDv6 for default IPv6

BFD for VPLS PW

BFD for VPLS/VLL PW

VPLS over LDP FRR/FW unicast

4.4.13 Clock

This section describes the Clock features of the NE40E.

The NE40E supports the following clock features:

CES ACR

CES DCR

Ethernet clock synchronization

The Ethernet interfaces on the LPUF-10 and LPUF-21 of the NE40E provide Ethernet

clock synchronization so that the clock quality and stratum of the network can be

guaranteed.

1588v2

The 1588v2 feature:

− Supports the input and output of the externally synchronized time.

− Supports 10M/100M/1000M/10G Ethernet interfaces and auto sensing of 10M/100M/1000M Ethernet interfaces.

− Supports Eth-Trunk.

− Supports OC, BC, E2ETC, P2PTC, E2ETCOC, P2PTCOC and TCandBC.

− Allows the NE40E to function as a GrandMaster.

− Supports slave-only when functioning as an OC.

− Supports the dynamic BMC algorithm.

− Supports two delay measurement methods: Delay and PDelay

− Supports one-step mode and two-step mode in which 1588v2 packets that are used by 1588v2 devices to perform time synchronization are timestamped.

− Supports multicast MAC encapsulation (the VLAN and 802.1p priority are configurable).

− Supports multicast UDP encapsulation (the source IP address, VLAN, and DSCP

priority are configurable).

− Supports unicast MAC encapsulation (the destination MAC, VLAN, and 802.1p priority are configurable).

− Supports unicast UDP encapsulation (the source IP address, destination IP address, destination MAC, VLAN, and DSCP priority are configurable).

− Uses the clock recovered through the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) as the clock

source and supports the algorithm for dynamic clock source selection (based on the

priority and clock stratum).

− Implements clock recovery that complies with G.813.



73

− Implements frequency recovery that meets the requirements of the SDH equipment

clock (SEC) in G.823.

1588 ACR

− Supports frequency synchronization only.

− Supports the change of selected clock sources.

− Supports unicast UDP encapsulation (and the DSCP field).

− Complies with Recommendation G.8261 in terms of service modeling and networking and performs clock recovery with accuracy that is prescribed by G.823.

− Supports 1588v2 header overlapping without affecting forwarding capabilities.

− Supports switchover between master and slave MPUs/SRUs without affecting services.

− Supports hot swapping of LPUs and sub-cards.

Supports clock synchronization.

The NE40E supports clock synchronization on CPOS interfaces, E1 interface, and WAN interfaces to ensure high clock quality and stratum on the network.

Network Time Protocol (NTP) clock

The NE40E supports the following working modes of NTP:

− Server/client mode

− Peer mode

− Broadcast mode

− Multicast mode

The NE40E supports two NTP security mechanisms:

− Access authority

The NE40E provides four levels of access control. After receiving an NTP access

request packet, the NE40E matches it from the lowest access control level to the

highest access control level. The first successfully matched access control level takes effect. The matching order is as follows:

Peer: indicates the minimum access control. The remote end can send a time request

and a control query to the local end. The local clock can also be synchronized with

the clock of the remote server.

Server: indicates that the remote end can send a time request and a control query to

the local end. The local clock, however, is not synchronized with the clock of the remote server.

Synchronization: indicates that the remote end can only send a time request to the

local end.

Query: indicates the maximum access control. The remote end can only send a

control query to the local end.

Authentication

When configuring NTP authentication, note the following rules:

The NTP authentication must be configured on both the client and the server; otherwise,

the authentication does not take effect. If NTP authentication is enabled, keys must be configured and declared reliable.

The server and the client must be configured with the same key.

Internal clock

The NE40E provides an internal clock and can extract clock information from LPUs. The clock precision reaches 4.6 ppm, that is, 0.00002s.



74

Extended SSM

The NE40E supports the following functions:

− Sending and receiving of SSM information carrying Clock IDs

− Clock ID configuration for a clock source

− Clock source selection based on extended SSM

Document Title Security Level：Internal Open

2013-11-05 Huawei proprietary. No spread without permission

Page75, Total106

5. Highlights of Huawei's Power Transmission and


5.1. Highlights of equipment

5.1.1 Unified Hardware, Software and Platform

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd offers SDH products OptiX OSN series

7500/3500/2500/1500, OptiX OSN shares the same hardware and software platform

and the traffic cards are universal between the shelves，which lower the spare parts

as well as maintenance cost. Unified product series can also reduce the time of

network deployment and training expenses, which greatly minimizes the initial

investment CapEx.

Figure 3-1 SDH Products Family

5.1.2 Multi-services Provisioning

Optix OSN series products have ability to access a great diversity of services to

simplify the transport network. The OSN series products support a broad range of

services in a single platform including.

PDH services: E1/T1, E3/T3,

SDH services: STM-1(e/o), STM-4, STM-16, STM-64

Ethernet services: Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet

N64K services: V.35,Frame E1

Any rate services: service rate range from 34Mbps to 2.7Gbps



Page76, Total106

SAN (Storage Area Network) such as FICON, FC and ESCON.

5.1.3 End-to-End Protection

Equipment level protection

Object Protected Protection Scheme

PDH TPS

Ethernet processing unit TPS/PPS/BPS/DLAG hot backup

Cross-connect and timing unit 1+1 hot backup

SCC unit 1+1 hot backup

Arbitrary bit rate wavelength

conversion unite

Intra-board protection (dual-fed and selective receiving)

and inter-board protection (1+1 hot backup)

Power interface unit 1+1 hot backup, 1:N centralized backup

Intelligent Fans unit The power supply modules are of mutual backup for the

three fan modules.

Board Under

Abnormal

Conditions

Power-Down Protection During Software

Loading, Overvoltage or Undervoltage

Protection for Power Supply and Board

Temperature Detection

Network level protection

Network Level Protection Protection Scheme

SDH protection Linear MSP

MSP ring

Subnetwork connection protection (SNCP), sub-network

connection multi-protection (SNCMP) and sub-network

connection tunnel protection (SNCTP)

Dual-node interconnection (DNI) protection

Fiber-shared virtual trail protection

Optical-path-shared MSP



Page77, Total106

Network Level Protection Protection Scheme

Ethernet protection Resilient packet ring (RPR) protection

ATM protection VP-Ring/VC-Ring protection

5.1.4 Unified GMPLS Intelligent Feature

OSN series products support distributed ASON features with rapid protection and

restoration mechanism, high network reliability and smooth scalability.

Network Quality Promotion by MESH restoration, 1+1 permanent

protection, multi-failure resistance and route optimization based on

different policies.

Revenue increased by more value-add services provision. Service Level

Agreement (SLA) services of Diamond, Gold, Silver, Copper and Iron class

to meet various customized requirements. BOD and OVPN provision to

enable carrier fast end to end service connect to VIPs.

Lower Capex up to 20%. More network bandwidth available for no need of

50% bandwidth reserved for protection. More network resource saved for

direct route replacing pass-through services and reducing service cross

connect between inter-rings.

Lower Opex up to 50%. Auto discovery, auto configuration and auto

diagnose make it easy to operate, maintenance and manage the network.

Service provision response would cut down to few seconds.

High efficient network design by planning tools. Mature tools to provide

network design and restoration emulation. Pay as you grow as network

expansion visibility by planning tools.

5.1.5 Smooth Evolution from TDM to All IP

OSN series products (after version V200R012C00) are called Hybrid MSTP series

products. These products can work in 3 modes: TDM, Hybrid, and Packet. In future, if

Ethernet service grows fast, SDH can’t meet the requirement, OSN could change

work mode in Hybrid. In this mode, OSN can still use SDH to transport TDM service,



Page78, Total106

and use TUNNEL with MPLS technology to transport Ethernet service.

Huawei’s Hybrid MSTP supports the smooth evolution. This means that today’s

capital investment will not be stranded tomorrow, because customer can upgrade to

support native IP feature just by equipment upgrading.

5.2. NMS (U2000)

5.2.1 Centralized and Unified Management

The U2000 provides broadband access and integrated access solutions. With each

solution, the U2000 manages multiple types of the devices in a centralized and unified

manner. The U2000 makes it convenient for you to monitor, configure, and maintain the

entire network, and also to manage the integrated services in the network.

5.2.2 Cross-Platform Management

Based on the integrated management application platform (iMAP) of Huawei, the U2000

can run on either Sun workstations or PC servers. The U2000 supports the Sybase

database and SQL Server database. The U2000 can provide a high-end solution to

manage a large-scale network and a low-cost solution to manage a medium-scale or

small-scale network.

5.2.3 Modular Architecture

The U2000 adopts the developed and widely-used client/server architecture. The

database system, service processing system, and client application system are distributed

in a layered structure. Besides, the U2000 supports operations from multiple clients. In

this way, the U2000 can manage complex and large-scale networks.

The U2000 adopts a multi-process, modular, and object-oriented design, and a small

coupling exists between different NE managers. Different application processes can be

integrated into the U2000 through registration files. In this way, the U2000 can be

expanded easily.

5.2.4 High Reliability

The U2000 is designed to meet the security requirements of the NMS completely.

Designed on the basis of the enterprise-level database, the U2000 is highly secure in

authority management of NMS users, data backup, and service backup.



Page79, Total106

The U2000 supports the allocation of management rights on the basis of user groups and

users. The U2000 supports the system access control list (ACL) and the user ACL. It also

supports the monitoring of the current operations of users and the recording of the

detailed logs of the operations.

Through disk mirroring, the U2000 provides a remote, high availability (HA) system for

disaster tolerance and whole-system backup. This ensures the reliability of the U2000 and

the server.

5.2.5 Abundant Interfaces

The U2000 supports various types of southbound interfaces (SBIs) and northbound

interfaces (NBIs) for managing NEs and connecting the upper layer NMS.

The U2000 provides SBIs, such as the SNMP interface, FTP interface, TFTP interface,

and Telnet interface. Through these interfaces, the U2000 can manage various NEs.

The U2000 also provides NBIs, such as the OSS test interface, SNMP interface,

CORBA interface, TL1 interface, XML interface, and FTP interface. Through these

interfaces, the U2000 can be connected to the OSS, upper layer NMS, or third-party NMS

of carriers.

5.2.6 Fault Location and Diagnosis Methods

The U2000 monitors the running of the network in real time. If an abnormality occurs, an

alarm is generated. The alarm monitoring helps you to take proper measures in time to

restore normal running of the network.

The U2000 provides various methods of discovering and locating faults, including the

alarm location in the topological view, remote notification of alarms, alarm filtering and

measurement, alarm redefinition, and alarm maintenance experience database.

The U2000 supports the configuration of the performance alarm threshold. When the

collected performance data exceeds the threshold, the U2000 generates the related

performance threshold alarm, and facilitates the monitoring of the device performance.

The U2000 monitors the environment of multiple types of devices in a centralized manner.

In this way, you can know the environment where the devices are located and the

information about the power supplies in time to remove potential hazards.



Page80, Total106

5.2.7 Friendly User Interface

The U2000 provides alarm management, topology management, device panel, and

configuration management interfaces of the same style to meet user requirements.

The U2000 also provides profiles and means for batch operations, simplifying routine

operations.

5.2.8 Scenario-Based Management

Based on the working scenarios of users, the U2000 clarifies the application scenarios

and is divided into several subsystems according to different scenarios. A specific user

can complete the whole process in one scenario.

6. Description of proposed devices

6.1Huawei OptiX OSN 7500 II

MPLS-TP based Transformer for Metro Aggregation & Core

Large Capacity: 320G Packet / 360G TDM universal switch, 16

service processing slots and 16 service interface slots.

Ultra Broadband: Smart 40G line transport in one port, 100G

line ready.

Future-proof: OTN hardware ready.

Multiservice Universal Switch and Smart Transport

Smart transport based on universal switch and smart line card for all types of services in any

possible mix, including Ethernet, ATM, TDM, and future services.

Universal switch at any level of packet and TDM in their original format, high efficiency and best

performance, ‘0’ waste of bandwidth.

Smart line card for packet and TDM multiservice universal transport in one port, carefree evolution

among different types of services, ‘0’ waste of investment.



Page81, Total106

PID inside for Tailored Metro Ultra Broadband Transport

Integrating OTU, MUX and DEMUX boards by a PID chip, providing 40G/100G capacity per port

and larger in future.

SDH-like OAM without complicated photonic layer design such as wavelength planning and OSNR

calculating, with less patch cords and fiber operations, time to market greatly reduced.

50% footprint saving and 40% power consumption reduction.

Soft Pipe & Hard Pipe for Highly Reliable and Efficient Transport

SDH hard pipe for TDM services with high quality and low delay to ensure reliable transmission for

production and dispatching services and private services

MPLS-TP based soft pipe supports packet statistical multiplexing to provide high efficient

transmission for large bandwidth packet services

Universal switch based soft and hard pipes consider both legacy TDM service and future-oriented

IP service, so as to achieve smooth evolution for transmission network

TP-Assist for Easy OAM

MPLS-TP based OAM solution ‘TP-Assist’ providing efficient planning, fast deployment and easy

maintenance, making the large-scale packet network easily manageable

Traffic based crystal clear OAM is supported with visual network-level view, graphical format to

display end-to-end service configuration, performance and status.

Better maintenance experience even than SDH: visualized end-to-end bandwidth management,

intelligently locating 92% failure, analyzable and predicable network management



Page82, Total106

Specifications OSN 7500 II

Dimensions 800mm (H) x 496mm (W) x 295mm (D)

Switch Capacity Packet: 320 Gbit/s and TDM: 360 Gbit/s (higher order), 40 Gbit/s (lower order)

Service Slots 32 slots, 16 slots for interface boards and 16 slots for processing boards with same

bandwidth per slot

Supported

Interface

40G interfaces OTU3/40GE, compliant with OTL3.4 standard

Ethernet

interface

FE/GE/10GE/40GE

SDH interface STM-1/4/16/64

PDH interface E1/E3/E4; T1/T3/T4

ATM interface E1, STM1

WDM interface 40 DWDM wavelengths, compliant with ITU-T G.694.1

8 CWDM wavelengths, compliant with ITU-T G.694.2

Networking

Mode

Supporting pure packet，hybrid (packet + SDH) or SDH networking

Supporting WDM networking

Supporting single-fiber bidirectional transmission

Power Supply -38.4~ -72V DC

Operation

Environment

Temperature Relative Humidity

Long term: 0C ~ 45C 10% ~ 90%

Short term: -5C ~ 55C 5% ~ 95%

Ethernet Feature

E-Line and E-LAN, QinQ

MPLS-TP based VPWS and VPLS

Multi-section pseudo-wire (MS-PW)

ETH PWE3, TDM PWE3, ATM/IMA PWE3

IGMP Snooping V1/V2/V3

Blacklist, Broadcast packet suppression, ACL

VLAN SWAP

QoS Hierarchical QoS scheduling and traffic shaping

DiffServ mode based on traffic classification , eight priority queues

Simple traffic classification, complex traffic classification, per hop behavior

(PHB),and ACL

Committed access rate (CAR), shaping based on port scheduling priority

PQ scheduling priority, weighted fair queuing (WFQ) and PQ+WFQ queuing

Tail drop and weighted random early detection (WRED)



Page83, Total106

OAM MPLS-TP OAM LSP/PW OAM:

CC, LB, LT

AIS, RDI

LM, DM

LCK, TST

CSF

MPLS OAM LSP/PW OAM: FDI, BDI,CV, FFD, TraceRoute, Ping, LM, DM

PW OAM: CES PW VCCV

Ethernet OAM ETH-CC, ETH-Loopback, ETH-Link Trace, Remote Loopback,

Remote Fault Detection, RMON(RFC 2819)

Protection

Equipment-level

Protection

Universal Cross-Connect, System Control and Clock Processing

Board 1+1 backup and power 1+1 backup

MPLS-TP

based Service

Protection

LSP/PW Linear protection, Ring protection

Anti multifailure protection based on MS-PW

LAG, MC-LAG, Dual-homing protection, LPT

SDH based

Service

Protection

Mesh Protection and restoration（ASON）

2/4 fiber MS-SP Ring;

1+1/1:n (n<=14) Linear MSP

SNCP/SNCTP

1:N tributary protection for E1/T1, E3/T3, E4, STM-1(e) and FE

Synchronization

Both Ethernet and SDH networks supporting clock synchronization

Supporting G.813, Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588v2 synchronization

Adaptive clock recovery (ACR)

Two external clock inputs/outputs (2 MHz or 2 Mbit/s)

Two external time signals（1pps+TOD）



Page84, Total106

6.2Huawei OptiX OSN 580

MPLS-TP based Transformer for Metro Access & Aggregation

Large Capacity: 280G Packet / 280G TDM

universal switch, 14 service slots, 5U height with 19

inch

Ultra Broadband: Smart 40G line transport in

one port, 100G line ready

Future-proof: OTN hardware ready

Multiservice Universal Switch and Smart Transport

Smart transport based on universal switch and smart line card for all types of services in any

possible mix, including Ethernet, ATM, TDM, and future services.

Universal switch at any level of packet and TDM in their original format, high efficiency and best

performance, ‘0’ waste of bandwidth.

Smart line card for packet and TDM multiservice universal transport in one port, carefree evolution

among different types of services, ‘0’ waste of investment.

PID inside for Tailored Metro Ultra Broadband Transport

Integrating OTU, MUX and DEMUX boards by a PID chip, providing 40G/100G capacity per port.

SDH-like OAM without complicated photonic layer design such as wavelength planning and OSNR

calculating, with less patch cords and fiber operations, time to market greatly reduced.

50% footprint saving and 40% power consumption reduction.













Page85, Total106





Specifications OSN 580

Dimensions 221mm (H) x 442mm (W) x 224mm (D)

Switch Capacity Packet: 280 Gbit/s and TDM: 280 Gbit/s (higher order), 5 Gbit/s (lower order)

Service Slots 14 slots

Supported

Interfaces

40G interfaces OTU3/40GE, compliant with OTL3.4 standard

Ethernet interface FE/GE/10GE/40GE

SDH interface STM-1/4/16/64

PDH interface E1/E3; T1/T3

WDM interfaces 40 DWDM wavelengths, compliant with ITU-T G.694.1

8 CWDM wavelengths, compliant with ITU-T G.694.2

Networking

Mode

Supporting pure packet，hybrid (packet + SDH) or SDH networking



Power Supply DC: -38.4~ -72V DC

AC: 100~240V AC

Operation

Environment


Long term: 0C ~ 45C 10% ~ 90%

Short term: -5C ~ 55C 5% ~ 95%

Ethernet Feature

E-Line ,E-LAN and QinQ


MS-PW

ETH PWE3

IGMP Snooping v2/v3




Page86, Total106

QoS Hierarchical QoS scheduling and traffic shaping

DiffServ mode based on traffic classification

Simple traffic classification, complex traffic classification, per hop behavior (PHB), and

ACL

Committed access rate (CAR)

PQ scheduling priority, weighted round robin (WRR) and PQ+WRR queuing


Shaping based on port scheduling priority

OAM MPLS-TP

OAM

LSP/PW OAM:

CC, LB, LT

AIS, RDI

LM, DM

LCK, TST

CSF

Ethernet

OAM

ETH-CC, ETH-Loopback, ETH-Link Trace, Remote Loopback, Remote Fault

Detection, RMON(RFC 2819)

Protection Equipment

-level

Protection

Universal Cross-Connect, System Control and Clock Processing Board 1+1

backup and power 1+1 backup

MPLS-TP

based

Service

Protection




SDH

based

Service

Protection


1+1/1:n (n<=14) Linear MSP;

SNCP

Synchronization







MPLS-TP based Transformer for Metro Aggregation & Core

Large Capacity: 160G Packet / 200G TDM universal switch,

15 service processing slots and 16 service interface slots.



Page87, Total106

Ultra Broadband: Bandwidth smooth evolution with built-in WDM.

Future-proof: Packet and TDM services transported by one product.








Focused on Enterprise Features

Intelligent ASON based Mesh network can against multi-node failures, improving network reliability

by 10 times

Built-in PCM for real All-in-One solution to access low speed services for enterprise customer

Single-span transmission for a distance of 270km without Raman amplifier, less REGs to reduce

the network construction cost and facilitates the maintenance










Page88, Total106


Dimensions 722 mm (H) x 497 mm (W) x 295 mm (D)

Switching

Capacity

Packet: 160 Gbit/s and TDM: 200 Gbit/s (higher order), 20 Gbit/s (lower order)

Service Slots 15 slots for processing boards and 16 slots for interface boards

Supported

Interfaces

Packet transport

interfaces

E1, ch STM-1, ATM STM-1, FE/GE/10GE

MSTP

INTERFACES

STM-1/4/16/64, E1/E3/E4/T1/T3, FE/GE/10GE, DDN,

IMA/ATM, FEC/EFEC interface, E1 optical interface, SAN,

Video

PCM interfaces FXS/FXO, 2/4 wire/E&M, V.35/X.21/V.11/V.24/V.28,

RS232/422, G.703 64kbit/s codirectional interface

WDM

INTERFACES

40-channel DWDM interfaces, compliant with ITU-T

G.694.1

8-channel CWDM interfaces, compliant with ITU-T G.694.2

Power Supply -38.4~ -72V DC; 110/220V AC (External module)

Ethernet Feature

E-Line and E-LAN, QinQ



TDM PWE3: CESoPSN and SAToP, compression of idle timeslots

ATM/IMA PWE3, ETH PWE3

IGMP SNOOPING V2


VLAN SWAP

QoS

Hierarchical QoS scheduling and traffic shaping



(PHB), and ACL


PQ scheduling priority, weighted fair queuing (WFQ) and PQ+WFQ queuing


Eight priority queues




Page89, Total106

OAM MPLS-TP OAM LSP/PW OAM:

CC, LB, LT

AIS, RDI

LM, DM

LCK, TST

CSF

Section OAM:

CC, LB

RDI

LM, DM

LCK, TST

MPLS OAM LSP/PW OAM:

FDI, BDI

CV, FFD, TraceRoute, Ping

CES PW VCCV

LM, DM

Ethernet OAM ETH-CC(Continuity Check)、ETH-Loopback、ETH-Link

Trace

Remote Loopback、Remote Fault Detection

Protection Equipment-level

Protection

Universal Cross-Connect, System Control and Clock

Processing Board 1+1 backup and power 1+1 backup

MPLS-TP based

Service Protection




SDH based Service

Protection



1+1/1:n Linear MSP

SNCP/SNCTP

1:N tributary protection for E1/T1, E3/T3, E4, STM-1(e)

and FE

Synchronization








Page90, Total106


STM-16/4/1&10GE/GE Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System

Large Capacity: 60G

Packet / 20G TDM universal switch, 6 service

slots, 2U height with 19 inch

Ultra Broadband: 10GE ring in access layer,

max 4x10GE

Easy Maintenance: AC&DC power supply,

flexible installation, working under 65℃

Small Box with Powerful Function

Smart transport based on universal switch for all types of services, including Ethernet, ATM, TDM,

and future services.

BIDI and built-in WDM functions to get rid of fiber resources restrict.

2U height, flexible and powerful networking with STM-16/10GE interfaces.

Easy Maintenance, Excellent Environmental Adaptability

Installation at anywhere, wall-mount, desktop, 19’’ cabinet, 300/600 mm ETSI cabinet, outdoor

cabinet

Flexible power supply, DC (-48V/-60V)/AC (110V/220V) solution, 10 hours power supply with UPM

when the mains supply is interrupted.

Work temperature up to 65℃, can be easily deployed in harsh environment such as outdoor, desert.

Energy Saving, Environmental Protection

Intelligent power consumption control, idle path power down, intelligent fan speed adjusting.

The lowest power consumption, typical power consumption is 30% less than the average in

industry.

Comply with RoHS/WEEE directive, adopts a variety of technologies to reduce equipment energy,

designed according to the requirements of environmental protection.








Page91, Total106




STM-64 Intelligent MSTP Product

Large Capacity: 360G TDM / 160G Packet universal switch,

22 service slots

Ultra Broadband: Bandwidth smooth evolution with built-in

WDM

Future-proof: Packet and TDM services transported by one

product

Product Features

Large switching capacity

360G high order, 20G/40G/80G low order

High integration

Subrack dimensions 756.7mm (H) x 496.4mm (W) x 295mm (D), 22 slots for processing boards

and 8 slots for interface boards

Flexible networking capacity

Supporting Mesh networking, network nodes plug and play

Supporting dynamic increase of rate and capacity

Supporting chain, ring, tangent rings, intersecting rings, etc networking topologies

Supporting maximum 7 STM-64 four-fiber MSP rings, 14 STM-64 two-fiber MSP rings, 28

STM-16 four-fiber MSP rings, 56 STM-16 two-fiber MSP rings

Carrier-class protection

Mesh Protection and restoration (ASON)

Distributed restorable rerouting protection

5-level service dedicated protection scheme based on different SLA: Diamond, Gold, Silver,

Copper and Iron services

SDH Network Protection

2/4 fiber MSP Ring; 1+1, 1: n (n<=14) Linear MSP; SNCP/SNCMP/SNCTP; Fiber shared

virtual path protection; Fiber shared MSP Ring; DNI (ITU-T G.842)

Service Protection

Ethernet: RPR, RSTP

ATM: VP-RING/VC-RING

Highly reliable design

1+1 hot backup for system control boards, cross-connect and synchronous timing boards



Page92, Total106

1+1 hot backup for power supply modules

Redundancy protection for fan modules

TPS protection

1:n (n<=4) tributary protection for E1/T1/E3/T3/ E4/STM-1(e)/FE

Focused on enterprise features

Intelligent ASON based Mesh network can against multi-node failures, improving network

reliability by 10 times

Single-span transmission for a distance of 270km without Raman amplifier, less REGs to

reduce the network construction cost and facilitates the maintenance

Single-fiber bidirectional optical module to solve the problem of lack of fiber resource, and

built-in WDM to meet the large bandwidth requirement

Specified 2M optical interface to support direct connection between MSTP equipment and

relay protection device, lower risk and higher reliability



Page93, Total106


Dimensions 757mm(H)×497mm(W)×295mm(D)

Switch Capacity

TDM: 360 Gbit/s (higher order), 40Gbit/s (lower order)

Packet: 160 Gbit/s

Service Slots 22 slots for interface boards and 8 slots for processing boards

Supported

Interface

MSTP interfaces STM-1/4/16/64, E1/E3/E4/T1/T3, FE/GE/10GE, DDN,

IMA/ATM, FEC/EFEC, E1 optical interface, SAN, Video

Packet transport

interfaces E1, ch STM-1, ATM STM-1, FE/GE/10GE

WDM interfaces


G.694.1


Power Supply DC: -48V DC or -60V DC

AC: 220V/110V AC

Maximum

Number of

Services

Supported by a

Single Subrack

Service Interface Max Service Interface Max

STM-64 28 STM-16 112

STM-4 352 STM-1 352

STM-1 (electrical) 66 E4 16

E3/T3 102 E1/T1 252

E1 Optical 176 FE 208

GE 256 10GE 44

DDN（N×64K） 32 Framed E1 32

STM-1 ATM 88 STM-4 ATM 22

ESCON 88 FICON/FC100 44

FC200 22 DVB-ASI 88

Clock

Synchronization

Line clock source

Tributary clock source


Auxiliary

Interface

Orderwire interface, NNI connection interfaces

RS-232 remote maintenance interface, F1 interface for the 64 kbit/s codirectional

data channel, Ethernet NM interfaces, management serial interface F&f

Alarm interface, Cabinet alarm indicator interface



Page94, Total106


STM-64/STM-16 Intelligent MSTP Product

Large Capacity: 200G TDM / 160G Packet universal switch,

15 service slots

Ultra Broadband: Bandwidth smooth evolution with built-in

WDM

Future-proof: Packet and TDM services transported by one

product

Product Features


200G high order, 20G low order

High integration

Subrack dimensions 722mm (H) x 497mm (W) x 295mm (D), 15 slots for processing boards and

16 slots for interface boards













2/4 fiber MSP Ring; 1+1, 1: n Linear MSP; SNCP/SNCMP/SNCTP; Fiber shared virtual

path protection; Fiber shared MSP Ring; DNI (ITU-T G.842)

Service Protection

Ethernet: RPR, RSTP








Page95, Total106

TPS protection

1:n tributary protection for E1/T1/E3/T3/ E4/STM-1(e)/FE




Built-in PCM for real All-in-One solution to access low speed services for enterprise

customer







Page96, Total106



Switch Capacity TDM: 200 Gbit/s (higher order), 20 Gbit/s (lower order)

Packet: 160 Gbit/s


Supported

Interfaces

MSTP interfaces STM-1/4/16/64, E1/E3/E4/T1/T3, FE/GE/10GE, DDN, IMA/ATM,

FEC/EFEC, E1 optical interface, SAN, Video

PCM interfaces FXS/FXO, 2/4 wire/E&M, G.703 64kbit/s codirectional interface

V.35/X.21/V.11/V.24/V.28, RS232/422

Packet transport interfaces E1, ch STM-1, ATM STM-1, FE/GE/10GE

WDM interfaces


G.694.1



AC: 220V/110V AC

Maximum

Number of

Services

Supported by a

Single Subrack


STM-64 12 STM-16 60

STM-4 142 STM-1 224

STM-1 (electrical) 132 E4 32

E3/T3 117 E1/T1 504

E1 Optical 112 FE 180

GE 56 10GE 16


FXS/FXO 90 2/4 wire/E&M 64



FC200 8 DVB-ASI 56

Clock

Synchronization

Line clock source



Auxiliary

Interface


management serial interface, serial interfaces, 64 kbit/s codirectional data channel,

10M/100M NM interface, commissioning interface




Page97, Total106



Large Capacity: 60G TDM switch, 12 service slots

High Reliability: Network-level, equipment-level, and

service-level protection

Easy OAM: Unified NMS, visualized OAM

Product Features



High integration

Subrack dimensions 472mm (H) x 447mm (W) x 295mm (D), 9 slots for processing boards

before division of slots, 12 slots for processing boards and 8 slots for interface boards after

division of slots















Service Protection

Ethernet: RPR, RSTP






TPS protection



Page98, Total106







Single-fiber bidirectional optical module to solve the problem of lack of fiber resource, and

built-in WDM to meet the large bandwidth requirement



Page99, Total106



Switch Capacity TDM: 60 Gbit/s (higher order), 20 Gbit/s (lower order)


Supported

Interfaces

MSTP interfaces STM-16/4/1, E1/E3/E4/T1/T3, FE/GE, DDN, IMA/ATM,

FEC/EFEC，SAN, Video

WDM interfaces


G.694.1



AC: 220V/110V AC

Maximum

Number of

Services

Supported by a

Single Subrack


STM-16 9 STM-4 36

STM-1 92 STM-1 (electrical) 38

E4 16 E3/T3 57

E1 252 T1 252

FE 88 GE 28




FC200 4 DVB-ASI 20

Clock

Synchronization

Line clock source



Auxiliary

Interface


management serial interface, serial interfaces, 64 kbit/s codirectional data channel,

10M/100M NM interface, commissioning interface




Large Capacity: 60G TDM / 8G Packet

universal switch

High Reliability: Network-level,

equipment-level, and service-level protection

Future-proof: Packet and TDM services

transported by one product



Page100, Total106

Product Features



High integration

OSN1500A: Subrack dimensions 131 mm (H) x 444 mm (W) x 263 mm (D), 10 slots for

processing boards

OSN1500B: Subrack dimensions 221mm (H) x 444mm (W) x 263mm (D), 12 slots for

processing boards and 14 slots for interface boards















Service Protection

Ethernet: RPR, RSTP






TPS protection





Built-in PCM for real All-in-One solution to access low speed services for enterprise

customer







Page101, Total106

Specification

s OSN 1500A OSN 1500B

System Features

Subrack

Dimensions 131 mm (H) x 444 mm (W) x 263 mm (D) 221 mm (H) x 444 mm (W) x 263 mm (D)

Switching

Capacity

TDM: 60 Gbit/s (higher order), 20Gbit/s (lower order)

Packet: 8 Gbit/s

Service Slots 10 slots for processing boards 12 slots for processing boards and 4 slots

for interface boards

Supported

Interfaces

MSTP interfaces STM-1/4/16, E1/E3/E4/T1/T3, FE/GE, DDN, IMA/ATM,

FEC/EFEC interface, E1 optical interface, SAN, Video

PCM interfaces FXS/FXO ， 2/4 wire/E&M ， V.35/X.21/V.11/V.24/V.28 ，

RS232/422, G.703 64kbit/s codirectional interface

Packet transport

interfaces E1, FE/GE

WDM interfaces


G.694.1



AC: 220V/110V AC

Maximum

Number of

Services

Supported by a

Single Subrack

Service

Interface

Max Service

Interface

Max

OSN1500A OSN1500B OSN1500A OSN1500B

STM-16 4 5 STM-4 10 22

STM-1 42 54 STM-1(e) 4 18

E4 - 8 E3/T3 6 27

E1/T1 64 190 E1 Optical 16 24

FE 32 56 GE 8 12

DDN(N×64K) - 16 Framed E1 - 16

FXS/FXO 24 36 2/4 wire/E&M 12 18

STM-1 ATM 8 12 STM-4 ATM 2 3

ESCON 8 12 FICON/FC100 4 6

FC200 2 3 DVB-ASI 8 12

Clock

Synchronizatio

n

Line clock source





Page102, Total106

Auxiliary

Interface

Orderwire interface

management serial interface, serial interfaces, 10M/100M NM interface,

commissioning interface



Subrack Dimensions 88 mm (H) x 442 mm (W) x 220 mm (D)

Switching Capacity Packet: 60 Gbit/s and TDM: 20 Gbit/s (higher order), 5 Gbit/s (lower order)

Service Slots 6 service interface slots

Highly Reliable

Design


1+1 hot backup for the system control boards

1+1 hot backup for the cross-connect and synchronous timing boards

Supported Interfaces

Packet transport

interfaces

E1, ch STM-1, ATM STM-1, FE/GE/10GE

MSTP interfaces STM-1/4/16, E1/E3/T1/T3, FE/GE

WDM interfaces 40-channel DWDM interfaces, compliant with ITU-T

G.694.1


Networking Mode Supporting pure packet，hybrid (packet + SDH) or SDH networking



Power Supply -38.4~-72V DC; 110/220V AC

Installation ETSI rack with 300mm/600mm depth

19-inch rack

Wall-mount

Desktop

Out-door cabinet

Weight Net weight of the subrack (no board or fan): 2.78 kg

Typical configuration: 5.8kg

Operation

Environment


Long term: -5C ~ 55C 10% ~ 90%

Short term: -5C ~ 65C 5% ~ 95%

Packet Transport Features



Page103, Total106

Service Features

E-Line and E-LAN

QinQ



TDM PWE3: CESoPSN and SAToP, compression of idle timeslots

ATM/IMA PWE3

ETH PWE3

IGMP SNOOPING V2


VLAN SWAP

QoS Features



(PHB), and ACL


PQ scheduling priority, weighted round robin (WRR) and PQ+WRR

queuing


Eight priority queues


Hardware-based

OAM

MPLS OAM LSP/PW OAM:

FDI, BDI

CV, FFD, TraceRoute, Ping

CES PW VCCV

MPLS-TP OAM LSP/PW OAM:

CC、LB、LT

AIS、RDI

LM、DM

LCK、TST

CSF

Section OAM:

CC、LB

RDI

LM、DM

LCK、TST

Ethernet OAM ETH-CC(Continuity Check)、ETH-Loopback、ETH-Link

Trace

Remote Loopback、Remote Fault Detection

ATM OAM

RMON(RFC 2819)

Flexible design with multiple protocols



Page104, Total106

Carrier-class

Protection

LSP/PW Linear protection

MPLS-TP Ring protection

ERPS(G.8032)


Link aggregation group (LAG) protection

LPT

STP/RSTP/MSTP

IMA protection

1+1 and 1:1 Linear MSP

Clock

Synchronization




Synchronous Ethernet

IEEE 1588v2

MSTP Features

Carrier-class

Protection


2-fiber MS-SP Ring; 1+1, 1:n (n<=14) Linear MSP; SNCP; Fiber shared

virtual path protection; DNI (ITU-T G.842)

Ethernet Service Protection

RSTP, LAG, LPT

Clock

Synchronization


Line clock source


6.9Huawei OptiX OSN 500 (TDM)

STM-4/1 Multi-Service CPE Optical

Transmission System

High Integration: 20G (HO)/20G (LO), 1U

height with 19 inch

Easy Installation: AC&DC power supply,

flexible installation at anywhere

High Temperature Resistance: working

under 65℃

SDH Solution Technical Proposal for SGBH transmission Project


Page105, Total106

Small Box with Powerful Function

Smart transport based on universal switch for all types of services, including Ethernet, ATM, TDM,

and future services.

Single-fiber bidirectional function to get rid of fiber resources restrict.

Same platform with OSN 550, board compatible, save spare parts

Easy Maintenance, Excellent Environmental Adaptability

SCC unit, cross-connect unit, clock unit, tributary unit, line unit, and data transparent transmission

unit integrated in one board, and different device types adapt to different scenarios.

Flexible power supply, DC (-48V/-60V)/AC (110V/220V) solution, 10 hours power supply with UPM

when the mains supply is interrupted.

Work temperature up to 65℃, can be easily deployed in harsh environment such as outdoor, desert.

Energy Saving, Environmental Protection

Intelligent power consumption control, idle path power down, intelligent fan speed adjusting.

The lowest power consumption, typical power consumption is 30% less than the average in

industry.

Comply with RoHS/WEEE directive, adopts a variety of technologies to reduce equipment energy,

designed according to the requirements of environmental protection.

Specifications OSN 500 (TDM)

Subrack Dimensions 44mm (H) x 442mm (W) x 220mm(D)

Switching Capacity TDM: 20 Gbit/s (higher order), 5 Gbit/s (lower order)

Service Slots 2 service interface slots

Supported Interfaces

MSTP interfaces STM-1/4, E1/E3/T1/T3, FE/GE

WDM interfaces 40-channel DWDM interfaces, compliant with ITU-T

G.694.1


Networking Mode Supporting pure packet or SDH networking



Power Supply -38.4~-72V DC

110/220V AC

Installation ETSI rack with 300mm/600mm depth

19-inch rack

Wall-mount

Desktop

Out-door cabinet

SDH Solution Technical Proposal for SGBH transmission Project


Page106, Total106

Weight ≤ 5 kg

Operation

Environment


Long term: -5C ~ 55C 10% ~ 90%

Short term: -5C ~ 65C 5% ~ 95%

Carrier-class

Protection


2-fiber MS-SP Ring; 1+1, 1:n (n<=14) Linear MSP; SNCP; Fiber shared

virtual path protection

Ethernet Service Protection

RSTP, LAG, LPT

Clock Synchronization One external clock inputs/outputs (2 MHz or 2 Mbit/s)

Line clock source


Huawei's Power Transmission and Transformation solution ... · PDF fileHuawei's Power...

Documents

Transcript of Huawei's Power Transmission and Transformation solution ... · PDF fileHuawei's Power...