Huawei-10G to 40G to 100G DWDM Networks
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Transcript of Huawei-10G to 40G to 100G DWDM Networks
www.huawei.com
英文标题 :40-47pt
副标题 :26-30pt
字体颜色 : 反白内部使用字体 :
FrutigerNext LT Medium
外部使用字体 : Arial
中文标题 :35-47pt
字体 : 黑体 副标题 :24-28pt
字体颜色 : 反白字体 : 细黑体
The Road from 10G to 40G to 100G DWDM Networks
Christopher SkaricaChief Technology OfficerNorth American MSO and CableOttawa, Ontario
Page 2
AGENDA
WDM IntroductionWDM Introduction Optical Layer ConvergenceOptical Layer Convergence Dense and Coarse WDMDense and Coarse WDM DWDM System Building BlocksDWDM System Building Blocks DWDM Optical Line Design ConsiderationsDWDM Optical Line Design Considerations
Current DWDM Networks and Service DriversCurrent DWDM Networks and Service Drivers 40G Overview40G Overview
40G Facts40G Facts 40G System Design Considerations40G System Design Considerations 40G Deployment Challenges40G Deployment Challenges
100G Status100G Status 100G Standards Bodies Work and Review (IEEE, ITU, OIF)100G Standards Bodies Work and Review (IEEE, ITU, OIF) 100G System Design Considerations100G System Design Considerations 100G Deployment Challenges100G Deployment Challenges
40G/100G Components Maturity Review40G/100G Components Maturity Review ConclusionsConclusions
Page 3
Definition of WDM
A technology that puts data from different optical sources together, on a single optical fiber, with each signal carried on it’s own separate light wavelength or optical channel
Multiplexing
Division
W D M Wavelengt
h
Page 4
Easy Integration of WDM Technology with Existing Optical Transport Equipment
WDM systems integrate easily with existing optical transport equipment and enable access to the untapped capacity of the embedded fiber. They also eliminate the costs associated with mapping common data protocols into traditional networking
payloads.
Single Optical Fiber
WDM Fiber Mux
Independent Optical Bit Rates and Formats
SONET1
Fibre Channel4
3Gigabit Ethernet
ATM2
Page 5
Convergence at the Optical Layer
SONETSONET
IP IP
Commercial Services
Commercial Services
VideoVideo
Traditional ApproachTraditional Approach
•Special Assemblies•Network Overlays
DWDM DWDM Optical NetworkOptical Network
D1 Video
Gigabit Ethernet
ESCON
SONETOC-1/3/12/48
Fibre Channel
FICON
Async
Wavelength Networking Wavelength Networking
•Ubiquitous Networking•Forecast Tolerant
One Network = Rapid Services Turn-up &
Reduced Operations Costs
Page 6
DWDM – Dense WDM Technology for amplified, high bandwidth applications. Ideal for Metro Core, Regional, and Long Haul applications. Squeezes as many channels as possible into optical spectrum supported by today’s optical amplifier technology. Characterized by a tight channel spacing over a narrow wavelength spectrum, typically 50 – 200 GHz (I.e. 0.4nm – 1.6nm) spacing in the C and L Bands
CWDM – Coarse WDM Technology for un-amplified, lower channel count applications. Less cost than DWDM. Ideal for Metro Access applications. Characterized by a wide channel spacing over a wide optical spectrum – 20 nm spacing from 1270 – 1610 nm
1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 1640
1310 nm DWDM WINDOW
O - Band E - Band S - Band C-Band L - Band
(nm) (nm)
1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 1640
O - Band E - Band S - Band C-Band L - Band
CWDM WINDOW
1270
1290
1310
1330
1350
1370
1390
1410
1430
1450
1470
1490
1510
1530
1550
1570
1590
1610
(nm) (nm)
DWDM and CWDM Technology Definitions
Page 7
EDFA Gain Spectrum
Operates in 3rd low-loss window of optical fiber near 1.5mBroad operating range of >30nm
Amplification across multiple wavelengthsAvailable for both C-Band and L-BandHigh optical gain of 20dB to 30dBAll-optical amplification
Bit-rate insensitive (OC-12, OC-48, OC-192 and beyond)
1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 1640
1310 nm DWDM WINDOW
O - Band E - Band S - Band C-Band L - Band
(nm) (nm)
Page 8
Dense WDM Wavelength Plan – ITU-T G.694.1
Standard ITU Grid allows lasers and filters to be built to a common specification
ITU-T G.694.1 Standard DWDM Channel Assignments
200 GHz spacing = 20 Channels in C Band100 GHz spacing = 40 Channels in C Band50 GHz spacing = 80 Channels in C Band25 GHz spacing = 160 Channels in C Band
Page 9
Line – a DWDM fiber optic system with Optical Amplifiers, dispersion compensation, and optical couplers providing high capacity, pt. to pt., ring, or mesh based connectivity between end points 100’s or 1000’s of km apart
-Translator for Pt. to Pt. connectivity
LineTerminal Terminal
Terminal – wavelength translators/combiners for conversion of client optical signals to 1550 nm, DWDM compliant wavelengths AND/OR SONET and L2/L3 switches providing client signal aggregation and presentation of 1550nm, DWDM compliant wavelengths.
L2/L3 Switch orSONET Cross
Connect
L2/L3 Switch orSONET Cross
ConnectL2/L3 Switch orSONET Cross
Connect
-Translator for Pt. to Pt. connectivity
Optical Network Building Blocks
Page 10
DWDM Building Blocks
SONET
Transponders
Product ‘x’ n
1
Routers
Channel Filters 200Ghz,
100Ghz, 50Ghz, or 25GHz
spacing…
ChannelFilter
GroupFilter
Amplifiers Low Noise Variable Gain/Flexible
Link Budgets
…
Amp
ROADM Lambda Granularity Optical Branching Remote
Reconfiguration
Software Control
Page 11
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio performance Dictated by amplifier gain and spacing, no. of channels of
system, and OSNR tolerance of DWDM receiver
Chromatic and Polarization Mode Dispersion of fiber Different for different bit rate signals Causes Pulse spreading over distance More critical for 10Gbps and higher bit rate signals
Non Linear effects that disturb the energy and shape
of a signal Caused by high optical power levels, small fiber core diameter,
and dispersion characteristic of fiber
Optical Line Design Considerations
Page 12
DWDM Optical Line Systems Today
The majority of deployed terrestrial DWDM optical
line systems have been designed for 40/80 channels
(100/50GHz spacing) of 10Gbps signals
Amplifier spacing and OSNR performance, dispersion
compensation, and NLE avoidance is optimized for 10
Gbps signals in the majority of today’s networks
SO, Why the talk of 40G and 100G and how do we
accommodate for these higher rate signals without
re-designing the embedded optical line systems ????
Page 13
National NetworkNational Network
PrimaryPrimaryNetworkNetwork DSLDSL
HFCHFCPONPON
Regional HeadendRegional Headend
180 ~ 300km 180 ~ 300km circumferencecircumference
~5km~5kmPrimary HubPrimary HubSecondary HubSecondary Hub
RegionalRegionalNetworkNetwork
300-1200Km per span300-1200Km per span
SecondarySecondaryNetworkNetwork
• Data CenterData Center
• Internet Peering PointInternet Peering Point• Call Processing CenterCall Processing Center
• Network Operation CenterNetwork Operation Center
MSO/Telco Optical Transport Trends
Long Haul Optical Networks being
deployed/investigated to reduce the no. of
Internet peering points and enable long
distance VOIP transit• DWDM Technology
Dominating • Methods of Access network Fiber expansion being investigated expanded
business and residential service offerings
Metro optical primary ring transport capacity
upgrades underway….Metro
DWDM Technology is winning the day
Page 14
Evolving DWDM Transport Network
Digital DWDM Transport Network
• Larger Capacity• Flexible• Hub & Mesh Traffic Flows• High Reliability• Efficient
Digital DWDM Transport Network
• Larger Capacity• Flexible• Hub & Mesh Traffic Flows• High Reliability• Efficient
Switched Digital Broadcast
Over the Top Video
Video On Demand
Commercial Data Services
HDTV
SIP M
ultim
edia Wireless
Start Over/nDVR
Wavelength Services
HS
D
IPT
V
Page 15
Commercially deployed and available 40G technology is
now standardized in the SDH (STM-256), SONET (OC-768),
and OTN (OTU-3) worlds 40G has become commercially deployed (starting in 2007)
to increase fiber capacity – many large operators (eg.
Verizon, AT&T, Comcast) are running out of wavelengths on
existing 10G DWDM line systems 40G DWDM interfaces are about 7-8 X that of a 10G and
10G has been dropping in price more rapidly than 40G BUT, let’s not confuse this with 40 Gigabit Ethernet which is
being ratified and is not an approved standard today !!!
(we’ll talk about that shortly)
40G Here Today
Page 16
Thus far, the largest 40G application has been router-router interconnects (using PoS) with the largest commercial deployments having been Comcast and AT&T
Global revenue for 40G line cards in 2007 was $178M – expected to grow 48 percent annually through 2013 and reach almost $2B annually (Ovum)
40 G services expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 59% from 2007-2011 (Infonetics)
40 G is here to stay and will grow dramatically over the coming years How do we accommodate for these higher rate 40G signals without
re-designing the embedded optical line systems ? – By using advanced modulation techniques (amplitude and phase – not just 1+0’s, on and off anymore) to gain spectral efficiencies, coherent receiving, as well as advanced dispersion compensation techniques to make the 40G signal “look” like a 10G signal
40G Facts
Page 17
40G Transmission Platform
43Gb/s1*40G SDH/SONET
4*10G SDH/SONET
43Gb/s
RouterSTM-256/OC-768
RouterSTM-256/OC-768
10G, 40G uniform platform 15*22dB @80*40G design rule
4x10Gb/s1*40G
SDH/SONET
Page 18
40G is More Nonlinear Sensitive than 10G
40G is 4 times the frequency of 10G, so inter-channel and intra-channel interferences bring a
bigger problem. Long distance transmission systems solve this problem by introducing additional laser chirp,
RZ format, differential phase and lower input power
RZ format
Lower input power under given BER
Differential phase instead of absolute phase
additional
Chirp
introduction
Reduce Nonlinearityimpairment
Page 19
Technical Challenges from 10G 40G
item Challenges: 10G40G Solutions
OSNR Required 6dB moreAdvanced modulation formats
Filtering effect 4x moreSpectral-efficient modulation format
(ODB, xRZ-DQPSK for WDM@50GHz)
CD tolerance 1/16
TODC (per channel compensation)
Nonlinear
effects
More sensitive to iFWM & iXPM
Nonlinear-resilient RZ format ,chirp
processing
PMD Tolerance 1/4
Multi-level (/multi-carrier) modulation
(DQPSK for reduced symbol rate and
better optical spectrum utilization)
Advanced Optical Modulation formats and Adaptive per Channel Dispersion Compensation are at the heart of solutions.
Page 20
40Gbit/s Modulation summary
40G
Formats
Channel
Space
Nonlinear
Tolerance
Max
possible
Launch
Power (15
spans)
OSNR
Sensitivity
PMD
Tolerance
ODB 50GHz Good Ref. Ref. Ref.
CS-RZ 100GHz Very Good +3dB +0.5dB 1.5x
NRZ-DPSK 100GHz Good +3dB +3dB 1.4x
PDM-
QPSK 50GHz Poor -4dB +3dB
>6x (6x is
10G’s PMD
tolerance)
DQPSK50GHz Good +1dB +3dB 4x
Fragmented components supply chain reducing 40G cost reduction ability
Page 21
Uneven residual dispersion due to unmatched dispersion slopes of DCM and fiber may exceed the dispersion tolerance of a 40G DWDM system
ADC (Adaptive Dispersion Compensation) allows DWDM systems to compensate dispersion on per channel basis, and therefore optimize the receiving performance for native 40G over 10G optical line systems
0 240 480 720 960 1200-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
Terminal's Dispersion Equalization
Short Wavelength Channel
Longer Wavelength Channel
Acc
um
ula
ted
Dis
per
sio
n (
ps/
nm
)Distance (km)
Same receiving performance in 400ps/nm tolerance
Adaptive Dispersion Compensation
Page 22
40G transceiver unit (OTU)
40G wavelength directly over the existing optimized 10G optical line system :
Advanced coding format allows for existing 10G MUX/DMUX Built-in VOA and ADC allows for perfect match with 10G in power level and dispersion High sensitivity receiver (similar power level and OSNR tolerance as for 10G) Same EDFA Transparent transport of client signal
4*10G(OC-192/STM-64) 1*40G(OC-768/STM-256, 10GE WAN/LAN)
2.5G OTU
40G OTU
10G OTU
40G OTU
VOA
DCM
2.5G OTU
40G OTU
10G OTU
40G OTU
DCM
ADC
ADC
DCM DCM
OADM
AD
C
OTM OADM OTM
Native 40G over 10G Optimized Optical Line System
10 G Optimized Optical Line System
Page 23
40G/100G Quick Overview
The push for 40G and 100G involves BOTH Routing
and Transport systems Why the quick jump to 100G from 40G ? – Network
traffic growth, router efficiencies and a standards
body (IEEE) that decided to work on both 40GbE and
100 GbE at the same time thereby aligning the
timetables for both Is this about Cable, Telco’s – or both ? – Both – mostly
driven in North America by Comcast, AT&T, and
Verizon What’s the hype factor – Higher for 100G than 40G The 40G and 100G buzz is coming from both service
providers and vendors
Page 24
100G Standards Forums IEEE 802.3(40/100GE Interface)
Has approved 40G/100G Ethernet Draft Standard-- IEEE802.3ba (In Dec. 2007) Final Ratification Expected in mid 2010 100GE expected to be applied in core networking (Router) and 40GE expected to be
applied in servers and computing networking (LAN Switches) Two kinds of 100GE PHY optical client interface were selected: i) 4x25G CWDM for SMF; ii)
10x10G Parallel module for MMF Provide appropriate support for OTN framing (100GE to ODU-4)
ITU-T SG15(100G OTN Mapping/Framing) Proposal for ODU4 Framing It has been accepted in G.709 in Dec.2008; the rate of OTU-4 is 111.809973 Gb/s Proposal for 100GE mapping to ODU4 frame: It is under discussion Proposal for OTN evolution: It is under discussion
OIF PLL(100G LH Transmission – components/DSP) This project will specify a 100G DWDM transmission implementation agreement to
include: i) Propagation performance objective ii) Modulation format : Optimized DP-QPSK with a coherent receiver – OFDM also being
considered iii) Baseline Forward Error Correction (FEC) algorithm iv) Integrated photonics transmitter/receiver
Page 25
100G ProjectKick off
IA to Principal Ballot
Project Complete
IA to Straw Ballot
IA Draft
100G – A Developing Standard
IEEE 802.3ba D1.0
TF Draft
G.709 Amd3Consent
OTU4 Definition
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2007 2008 2009 2010
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
IEEE 802.3ba 40GE/100GE
PAR Approved
IEEE 802.3ba D2.0
802.3WG Ballot
IEEE 802.3ba 40GE/100GE
Standard
We Are Here
ODU4 ProposalG.709 New
Version Consent
IEEE802.3100GE Standard
ITU-T Q11/SG15OTN Standard
ITU-T SG15 OTU-4 standard
IEEE 802.3ba D3.0
LMSC Ballot
OIF PLL100G LH Transmission
Page 26
From 40G to 100G: Additional Challenges
Challenges 10G 40G 40G 100G
OSNR
Required 6dB more ~4dB more
CD tolerance 1/16
(4km vs 65km SSMF for NRZ)
<1/6
(<1km vs. 4km in SSMF, NRZ)
(2.5km vs. 15km in SSMF, RZ-
DQPSK)
Nonlinear
effects
iFWM & iXPM (dominant on SSMF)
XPM(esp. with coexisting 10G
OOKs)
Intrachannel effect severer
limiting Launch Power
(Bit separation 2.5x smaller)
PMD
Tolerance
1/4 (2.5ps vs 10ps for NRZ)
1 / 2.5
(max DGD tolerance: 8ps vs 21ps,
RZ-DQPSK)Key to economical scaling of 100GE:
Innovative way to deal with PMD, NLE & OSNR deficits
Page 27
40G&100G Components Maturity Analysis
40G 100G 100G
Commercial
Time
Laser OK OK OK
Driver OK Small supplies’
Sample
2009
Modulator OK Small supplies’
Sample
2009
Framer OK Small supplies’
Sample
2010
FEC OK Small supplies’
Sample
2010
MUX/DeMUX OK OK OK
Receiver OK Small supplies’
Sample
2009
40G components supply chain is mature enough to support commercial deployment levels now.
100G components supply chain not mature yet – first samples 2009/2010 ; expected to ramp in volume in 2011 after all standards ratified
Page 28
Existing solutions today are proprietary in nature and cost prohibitive
(more than 10x the cost of a 10G) DP-QPSK modulation expected to win the day at the OIF although
OFDM is gaining its fans – the goal is to have a consolidated
components supply chain and eco-system to better drive cost
reduction through manufacturing volume Primarily being driven to achieve further router-router efficiencies A single 100G router interface is much more efficient than 10x10G
interfaces that use link aggregation (only about 60% efficient and
requires complex routing algorithms to load balance across 10
interfaces) A large push in North America by Comcast, Verizon, and AT&T who are
trialing proprietary 100G solutions today Will not be standardized and shipping in quantity until late 2010/early
2011
100GE Facts
Page 29
Conclusions
10G still clearly provides the lowest cost per bit
transported Operators can choose to continue to deploy 10G
although 40G is available today to relieve fiber
exhaustion on existing DWDM systems 40G (SONET/SDH/OTN) can be run native on today’s
optimized 10G optical line systems 40GE/100GE will not be fully standardized and
commercially available until late 2010/early 2011 Once standardized, 100GE is anticipated to be cost
effective out of the gate due to extensive standards
work and cross industry collaboration
Page 30
THANK YOU VERY MUCH !!!!
Questions