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Transcript of Http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/ [email protected] UMR8135 CNRS INaLCO Centre André-Georges Haudricourt...
![Page 1: Http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/ llacan@vjf.cnrs.fr UMR8135 CNRS INaLCO Centre André-Georges Haudricourt 7 rue Guy Môquet 94801 Villejuif Cedex - France Mark.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062619/551819b7550346ac318b477e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/[email protected]
UMR8135 CNRS INaLCOCentre André-Georges Haudricourt7 rue Guy Môquet 94801 Villejuif Cedex - France
Mark Van de VeldeLLACAN - C.N.R.S. (Paris)
“DEPENDENCY REVERSAL” IN NORTHERN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.
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1. INTRODUCTION
(1) Basaa (Bantu; Hyman 2003)
a. li-wanda li=kiŋɛA5-friend V.GEN=chief
‘the friend of the chief’b. li-kɛGŋgɛG li=m-ut
5-clever V.GEN=1-person‘a clever person’c. ma-kɛGŋgɛG ma=ɓ-ôt
6-clever VI.GEN=2-persons‘clever people’
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1. INTRODUCTION
PLAC but not DRNA
(2) Makwe (Benue-Congo, Bantu; Mozambique; Maud Devos 2008: 136)
muú-nu w-a=ki-búúli1-person I-GEN=7-silent‘a silent person’ (literally: ‘person of silent’)
(3) Zaar (Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West B3; Nigeria; Bernard Caron 2005: 227)lat kəG muːriskin GEN new‘a new skin’ (literally: ‘skin of new’)
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1. INTRODUCTION
Sometimes compared to: expressive binominal NPs (EBNPs) (Ad Foolen 2004)
(4) Shingazidja (Benue-Congo, Bantu; Grande Comore; Michel Lafon 1997: 161)
a. trombe l-a=m-ndru [5]avorted_seed V-GEN=1-person
‘a dead loss’ b. dji-ndru l-a=meza
5-giant V-GEN=table ‘a huge table’
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2. DRNA IN BENUE-CONGO LANGUAGES
Eton (Bantu A70; Cameroon; Mark Van de Velde 2008)
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2. DRNA IN BENUE-CONGO LANGUAGES
Eton (Bantu A70; Cameroon; Mark Van de Velde 2008)
(5) ɛ[bèŋ ɛG lôŋɛ[-bɛ[ŋ ɛG=lòŋ5-beauty V.GEN=[5]hair‘beautiful hair’
(6) iŋgúŋgwal i môdi-ŋgúŋgwal i=m-òd7-miserable VII.GEN=1-person ‘a miserable person’
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2. DRNA IN BENUE-CONGO LANGUAGES
(7) a. ivèvɛ[z mpég iꜜté ku i-və[vɛ[z H=ɴ[-pɛGg i-LtɛG L-ku7-light VII.GEN=3-bag VII.PR
INF-fall ‘The light bag falls.’
b. mèté ꜜyɛGn yɔA mə[-LtɛG L-jɛGn j-ɔc1SG-PR INF-see VII-PRO‘I see it.’
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
3.1. Gbaya (CAR; Paulette Roulon-Doko 1987, 2008, p.c.)
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
3.1. Gbaya (CAR; Paulette Roulon-Doko 1987, 2008, p.c.)
(8) gba[ʔaG fɔ[gba[ʔa[-H fɔ[old-REL field‘an old field (waste land)’
(9) gasa tuagasi-a(-H) tuabe.big-ADJ-(REL) house‘a big house’
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
(10) bafa ndaèbafa-H ndaèmale-REL cow‘a bull’
(11) wèé yiwèè-H yifire-REL water‘hot water’
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
(12) gasaagasi-a-H-abe.big-ADJ-REL-3SG.POSS.INAN‘the big one’ (lit. ‘its being big’)
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
(9) gasa tuagasi-a(-H) tuabe.big-ADJ-(REL) house‘a big house’
(13) gasi kɔG tuabigness REL house‘the bigness of the house’
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
3.2. Zande (DRCongo; Raymond Boyd 1987, ms.)
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
3.2. Zande (DRCongo; Raymond Boyd 1987, ms.)
(14) meme nyaboneanimal‘The bone of an animal’
(15) ga gbia ꜜkúmbaGEN chiefman‘the chief’s man’
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
(16) paranga ꜜkúmbayoung man‘a boy’
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
(19) a. gbanga ngua G naa gurungua
long tree with shorttree‘the long stick and the short stick’
b. gbanga nguanaa guru hélong tree with short
3SG.INAN.POSS‘the long stick and the short one’
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
(20) a. fuka bòro wa fuka angotétrackperson like trackdog NEG‘A person’s track is not like a dog’s
track.’b. fuka bòro wa ga angoté
trackperson like GEN dog NEG‘A person’s track is not like a
dog’s.’
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3. DRNA IN UBANGIAN LANGUAGES
“Deep” DRNA(21) a. gbinza kúmba wa gbinzade G té
old man like old woman NEG‘An old man is not like an old
woman.’b. gbinza kúmba wa ga de G
téold man like GEN woman NEG‘Old men and women are not the
same.’
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4. DRNA IN CHADIC LANGUAGES
Hausa (West Chadic; Nigeria)
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4. DRNA IN CHADIC LANGUAGES
(24) kaaka-an yaaròograndfather-LK.MS boy[MS]‘the boy’s grandfather’
(25) riigaa far-aagown[FS] white-FS‘white gown’
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4. DRNA IN CHADIC LANGUAGES
(26) a. far-a-r riigaawhite-FS-LK.FS gown[FS]‘white gown’
b. far-i-n zanèèwhite-MS-LK.MS cloth[MS]‘white cloth’
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5. DRNA IN SARA-BONGO-BAGIRMI LANGUAGES
Bongo (Central Sudanic; Sudan; Pierre Nougayrol 2008)
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5. DRNA IN SARA-BONGO-BAGIRMI LANGUAGES
Bongo (Central Sudanic; Sudan; Pierre Nougayrol 2008)
(27) fɨ [r kʉ[ɲaspeech bad‘bad words’
(28) ma-kʉ[ɲa fɨ [rDER-bad speech‘bad words’
(29) fɨ [r ka kʉ[ɲ-aaspeech with badness-of_it‘bad words’
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6. A TENTATIVE SCENARIO
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6. A TENTATIVE SCENARIO
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6. A TENTATIVE SCENARIO
• The DRNA pattern originates in the Ubangian languages.
• In Gbaya, for instance, the majority of qualifiers are relational nouns derived from verbs. DRNA constructions are structurally identical to Action Nominal Constructions.
• This analysis does not (or rarely) work in non-Ubangian “DRNA languages” in the area. DRNA must have been borrowed from Ubangian in these languages.