HTM 304Management Information Systems

Field Study : Basics of Hardware and Software

2007-09-04

Daniel OlssonBrett ColbertKathy LuJohn LieuChris Ratigan

Instructor : Fang Fang

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Definitions :

A motherboard is the central or primary circuit board making up a complex electronic system, such as a modern computer. It is also known as a mainboard, baseboard, system board, or, on Apple computers, a logic board, and is sometimes abbreviated as mobo.[1]

A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor, is the component in a digital computer capable of executing a program.(Knott 1974) It interprets computer program instructions and processes data. CPUs provide the fundamental digital computer trait of programmability, and are one of the necessary components found in computers of any era, along with primary storage and input/output facilities.

Computer storage, computer memory, and often casually memory refer to computer components, devices and recording media that retain digital data used for computing for some interval of time. Computer storage provides one of the core functions of the modern computer, that of information retention. It is one of the fundamental components of all modern computers, and coupled with a central processing unit (CPU), implements the basic Von Neumann computer model used since the 1940s.

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Time Line

The first computer to use integrated circuits, the IBM

360, is announced..

1964 1975 1977 1981

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The first computer to use integrated circuits, the IBM

360, is announced..

1968 1975 1977 1981

The first microcomputer, the Altair, is introduced.

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Time Line

1968 1971 1977 1981

Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs found Apple Computer.

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The first computer to use integrated circuits, the IBM

360, is announced..

The first microcomputer, the Altair, is introduced.

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Time Line

1968 1975 1977 1981

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IBM introduces the IBM PC.

Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs found Apple Computer.

The first computer to use integrated circuits, the IBM

360, is announced..

The first microcomputer, the Altair, is introduced.

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Time Line

1982 1983 1984 1988 . . . .

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Compaq released their IBM PC compatible Compaq Portable.

IBM XT released, similar to the original IBM PC but with a hard drive.

Motorola released the 68020 processor.

First optical chip developed, it uses light instead of electricity to increase processing speed.

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The Backbone…

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The Memory…

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The Brains

• Intel P4 Processor

• Intel 4004 Processor, the first microprocessor.

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Motherboard

• Chip set: A motherboard's chip set performs such vital functions as routing data from hard drive to memory to CPU, and making sure all your peripherals and expansion cards can talk to the CPU and one another. Manufacturers base motherboards around the chip sets, adding features like RAID controllers and FireWire ports to differentiate their board

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Motherboard (cont)

• The motherboard's main job is to hold the computer's microprocessor chip and let everything else connect to it.

• Everything that runs the computer or enhances its performance is either part of the motherboard or plugs into it via a slot or port.

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The form factor is just one of the many standards that apply to

motherboards. Some of the other standards include:

• The socket for the microprocessor determines what kind of Central Processing Unit (CPU) the motherboard uses.

• The chipset is part of the motherboard's logic system and is usually made of two parts -- the northbridge and the southbridge. These two "bridges" connect the CPU to other parts of the computer.

• The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) chip controls the most basic functions of the computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.

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The slots and ports found on a motherboard include:• Peripheral Component Inter

connect (PCI)- connections for video, sound and video capture cards, as well as network cards.

• Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) - dedicated port for video cards.

• •Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) - interfaces for the hard drives

• Universal Serial Bus or FireWire - external peripherals

• Memory slots

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Sockets and CPUs

• The faster the processor, the faster the computer can think.

• Processor fits in with inserting the CPU’s pins into the motherboard.

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Chipsets• The chipset is the "glue" that

connects the microprocessor to the rest of the motherboard and therefore to the rest of the computer.

• On a PC, it consists of two basic parts -- the northbridge and the southbridge.

• The northbridge connects directly to the processor via the front side bus (FSB). A memory controller is located on the northbridge, which gives the CPU fast access to the memory.

• The southbridge is slower than the northbridge, and information from the CPU has to go through the northbridge before reaching the southbridge.

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RAM

• The speed of the RAM connection directly controls how fast the computer can access instructions and data, and therefore has a big effect on system performance.

• RAM makes up the bulk of a computer's memory. The general rule of thumb is the more RAM the computer has, the better.

• Much of the memory available today is dual data rate (DDR) memory.

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Computer Hardware

• Apple Inc.

• Dell Inc.

• Hewlett Packard Company

Apple Inc.

• Founded: California April 1, 1976

• Headquarters: Cupertino, California

• Industry: computer hardware, software, electronics

• Revenue: $19.3 Billion

• Website: www.apple.com

Apple Products

• Mac mini

• iMac:

• Mac Pro

• MacBook

• MacBook Pro

Apple Hardware Standard Features

• Intel x86 processor• 1GB RAM• Graphic Processor: ATI Vidia, GeForce or

Intel GMA graphics • Combo Drive: DVD player & burner in one• 2 standard date transfer ports: USB• iMac & FireWire: technology support higher

performance devices

MacBook Pro

• Processor: 2.2 & 2.4 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo (64 bit)• Memory: 2 memory slots up to 2GB• Display: 15.4 inch Viewable FTF widescreen with 1440x 900 pixel• Hard drive: 120GB or 160 GB Serial ATA• Battery: 60 watt hour lithium ion • Ethernet: Built in 10/100/1000 GB• Price: 1,519.00-1,950.00

Dell Inc

• Founded: Austin Texas November 4, 1984

• Headquarters: Round Rock, Texas

• Industry: Computer hardware

• Revenue: $55.908 Billion

• Website: www.dell.com

Dell Products

• Desktops

• Servers

• Notebooks

• Peripherals

• Printers

Dell Standard Features

• Modem: Download speed 56kbps and upload 33.6 Kbps.• Network interface card: high speed internet using broadband• 6 month AOL or EarthLink• Operating system & productivity software• McAfee: internet security • Limited warranty: 24/7 phone & online support and home

Inspiron

• Intel core 2 Duo dual core processor• Window vista• 1.6,1.73,1.86,2.13,2.26 GH Intel Pentium Processor• 17” wide screen (1440x900 resolution• DDR2: memory • Upgrade starts with nVidia GeForce Go 6800 Video card• 7200 RPM hard drive • Pentium M: 1.6 GH speed

• Price: 1,569.00-2,109.00

Hewlett Packard Company

• Founded: Palo Alto, California• Headquarters: Palo Alto, California• Industry: Computer system, peripherals,

software, consulting• Revenue: $9.7 Billion • Website: www.hp.com

Hewlett Packard Products

• Computer hardware

• Computer monitors

• Printers

• Scanners

• Servers

• Cameras

• Calculator

HP Compaq

• Processor: Intel Core Duo or Intel Core 2 Duo (1.83-2.16 GH)

• Display: 12.1 Color TFT display

• Graphics: Intel Graphic Media accelerator 950

• Memory: 512MB-2GB, upgrade max of 4GB

• Wireless: 802.11 standard, blue tooth V1.2

• Hard Drive: 600-GB-100GB SATA (5400RPM)

• Ports: external monitor, microphone in, headphone, battery connector, RJ-11 modem, S video, 3)USB 2.0

• Price: $1,449-$3,000.00

Product Recommendations

What type of user are you?Home User

Business UserVideo Editing User

What type of CPU will you need?

Intel vs. AMD Processor

AMD is about half the cost. Intel has many die hard fans. Much stronger market share and public

image, most likely due to aggressive advertising.

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The Motherboard

Decision depends on price range, size of your computer, USB ports, FireWire, graphics cards, and memory needs.

Memory usage.RAM requirements depend on applications you will be using.

If you are running Windows XP, Microsoft recommends 128MB as the minimum RAM requirement. At 64MB, you may experience problems.

Home Entertainment User: 384MB – 512MB

Executive/ Management: 1GB - 2GB

Heavy Graphics Design: 2GB and up.

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