Hstory of Mobile Phone

8/8/2019 Hstory of Mobile Phone

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HSTORY OF MOBILE PHONE


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FIRST GENERATION 1910 : the idea of a cellular phone that was

discovered by Lars Magnus Ericsson

1921 : Detroit Police Department Michigan using

mobile phones in police cars using a frequency of2 MHz

1960 Fennis Cable Works (Finland) founded theelectronics company named Nokia as the mobilephone handset.


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After 1970, mobile telecommunicationsare increasingly being talked about.

Then Motorola introduces mobile phone

three years later. Its size is quite large witha short antenna.

Dr Cooper, who became manager ofMotorola's innovation project, try thephone 'giant' while walking the streets atvarious locations in New York. That's thefirst time the phone display and use inpublic.


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SECOND GENERATION 1990 : the 'second generation' (2G) mobile phone

systems emerged, primarily using the GSMstandard

The second generation introduced a new variant

of communication called SMS or text messaging.

The first machine-generated SMS message wassent in the UK on 3 December 1992

The advent of prepaid service in the late 1990ssoon made SMS the communication method ofchoice amongst the young, a trend which spreadacross all ages.


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2.5G (GPRS) services enable high-speed data

transfer over upgraded existing 2G networks

GPRS could provide data rates from 56 kbit/sup to 115 kbit/s. It can be used for services

such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS),

and for Internet communication services such

as email and World Wide Web access.


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2.75G (EDGE)

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE),

Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier

(IMT-SC) is a backward-compatible digital mobile

phone technology that allows improved data

transmission rates, as an extension on top of

standard GSM. EDGE was deployed on GSMnetworks beginning in 2003--initially by Cingular

(now AT&T) in the United States.


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3.5 G

1) High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)[1] is aamalgamation of two mobile telephonyprotocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access

(HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access(HSUPA), that extends and improves theperformance of existing WCDMA protocols

2) A further standard, Evolved HSPA (also known as

HSPA+), was released late in 2008 withsubsequent adoption worldwide beginning in2010.


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HSDPH (High Speed Downlink Packet

Access)

1) The first step required to upgrade WCDMA to HSPA isto improve provides up to 14 Mbit/s with significantlyreduced latencyHSDPA is based on shared channeltransmission

2) The key featureare shared channel and multi-codetransmission, higher-order modulation,and shortTransmission Time Interval (TTI)

3) May 2008 90 percent of WCDMA networks have

been upgraded to HSDPA.[2]

4) A majority of deployments provide up to 7.2 Mbit/sin the down-link, and 14 Mbit/s

5) Voice calls are usually prioritized over data transfer


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High Speed Uplink Packet Access

(HSUPA)

1) The second major step in the WCDMA upgradeprocess is to upgrade the uplink, which is introduced in3GPP Release 6

2) Enhanced Uplink adds a new transport channelcalledthe Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)creates

opportunities for a number of new applicationsincluding VoIP, uploading pictures and sending large e-mail messages

3) Increases the data rate (up to 5.8 Mbit/s), the

capacity, and also reduces latencyseveralimprovements similar to those of HSDPA,

4) Multi-code transmission, short Transmission TimeInterval (TTI), fast scheduling and fast hybrid Automatic

Repeat reQuest (ARQ)


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Evo ve H g Spee Pac et Access

(HSPA+)

1) Evolved HSPA (also known as: HSPA Evolution,HSPA+ is an upcoming wireless broadband standard

defined in 3GPP release 7 and 8 of the WCDMA

specification.

2) Evolved HSPA provides data rates up to 42

Mbit/s in the downlink and 11 Mbit/s in the uplink

(per 5 MHz carrier) with multiple input, multiple

output (MIMO) technologies and higher ordermodulation


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4G

By 2009, 3G networks would be overwhelmed by the growth ofbandwidth-intensive applications like streaming media[24].Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized 4th-generation technologies, with the promise of speed improvementsup to 10-fold over existing 3G technologies.

The first two commercially available technologies billed as 4G werethe WiMAX standard (offered in the U.S. by Sprint) and the LTEstandard, first offered in Scandinavia by TeliaSonera.

One of the main ways in which 4G differed technologically from 3Gwas in its elimination ofcircuit switching, instead employing an all-IP network.

4G ushered in a treatment of voice calls just like any other type ofstreaming audio media, utilizing packet switching over internet, LANor WAN networks via VoIP.


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Hstory of Mobile Phone

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