HRI London 2019 Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy: … · care, homeopathy A002. Homeopathy and...

HRI London 2019—Cutting Edge Research inHomeopathy: Presentation Abstracts

Homeopathy 2020;109:A1–A28.

Oral Abstracts

A001. Homeopathy and Expert ConsensusRecommendations – Unlikely Bedfellows? New Research inHomeopathy and Expert Consensus Recommendations inOncological Supportive CareJean-Lionel Bagot1,2,3, Jean-Claude Karp4, ChristianeMesserschmitt5, Véronique Lavallée6, Ingrid Theunyssen7,Jean-Philippe Wagner81Dept of Integrative Medicine, Saint Anne Hospital, Strasbourg, France2Robertsau Radiotherapy Center, Strasbourg, France3Main General Practice Surgery, Strasbourg, France4Troyes Hospital Centre, Dept of Oncology-Radiotherapy, Troyes,France5Pharmacy des Grisettes, Montpellier, France6General Practice Surgery, Résidence Pasteur, Le Haillan, France7Breast Unit, City-Clinic Louise, Bruxelles, Belgium8Andrée Dutreix Cancer Institute, Dunkerque, France

Context: Homeopathy is the integrative medicinemost widely used by patientswith cancer in France. However,there were as yet no supportive care guidelines for thistherapy. The International Homeopathic Society of Support-ive Care in Oncology (www.shisso-info.com) aimed to makerecommendations in order to propose to all health profes-sionals concerned with supportive care, a homeopathic pre-scription tool respecting the principles of similitude,individualisation and of the infinitesimal dose.

Method: We used the method of expert consensusproposed by the French High Health Authority (HAS). It is aconsensus method for writing a small number of concise,unambiguous recommendations, answering the questionsasked. This method is proposed when there is a paucity ofscientific argument on the subject, which is the case here.

Seven steering groups studied respectively cancerdisclosure, surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, radia-tion therapy, hormone therapy and the post-cancer period.These recommendations were presented during the plenarysession which brought together some fifty physicians, phar-macists, oncologists or surgeons specializing in homeopathicsupportive care.

Results: Thirty recommendations were discussed,amended andunanimously adopted or notduring the plenarysession. Some side effects, such as fatigue for example, arecommon to every patient, because the effects of cancermedication are stronger than an individual’s reaction. Certainsituations, however, require an individualised homeopathicconsultation.

Conclusion: These recommendations are part of aprogram to improve good practice in supportive care. Theyare indicative and do not replace in anyway an individualisedhomeopathic consultation. They are very safe to use as thereare nomedicine interactions and no significant side effects ofhomeopathic medicine. This is the first time that such anapproach has been implemented in homeopathy circles. Thesame methodology could be used for other pathologies. Twoyears’ hindsight has shown that they are indeed comfortablebedfellows.

Keywords: Expert consensus, oncological supportivecare, homeopathy

A002. Homeopathy and Environmental ChallengesLeoni V. Bonamin11Graduation Program on Environmental and ExperimentalPathology, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil

Homeopathy is growing in areas beyond human medi-cine because of its capacity to act on all living systems. Inagricultureandcattle farms,especially thoseoriented toorganicproduction, homeopathy has been a very useful tool andworksin harmony with the concept of sustainability, including itsapplication in biodynamic agriculture and agro-forestry.

In Brazil, more than 15 companies are established tomanufacture homeopathic products for animal and vegetaluse. The use of homeopathy has been present in zoos andprotective organizations for wild animals, mainly in epidemicsituations. This new perspective points towards a putativeecological role of homeopathy.

In a recent study, we verified the protective role ofisotherapy in Artemia salina exposed to pesticides and heavymetals, highlighting that this crustacean is a known experi-mental model of eco-toxicology. The treatment of Artemiacysts exposed to glyphosate and lead with the respectiveisotherapeutic, induced better adaptation of these animals tothe harmful medium, reducing the level of egg hatching andthe incidence of malformations in the newborn nauplii.

Other parameters, like motility and general activity,also improved after the treatment. Physicochemical analysesof thewater are still in progress, to provide some understand-ing about the mechanisms involved in this protection. Inanother set of experiments performed in vitro, the corre-spondence between changes in the dipole moment of ho-meopathic medicines and of the culture medium ofresponsive single cells could also be observed, using solva-tochromic dyes. This suggests that electric resonance could be

June 14–16, 2019London

Copyright © 2020 The Faculty ofHomeopathy

DOI https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608960

ISSN 1475-4916.

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a possible mechanism involved in the homeopathic treat-ment of an aqueous medium.

Under this hypothesis, another field study was set up,using the same method. The treatment of a natural watersource with Phos 30 cH produced significant changes of thedipole moment in water samples harvested from differentand distant locales of the same environment. Thatwas similarto those effects observed in the medicine itself. The sampleswere taken before, and at different times after, water treat-ment. The same signals could be measured, even in distantpoints of the water flow, up to 72 hours after the immersionof Phos 30 cH into the source.

These studies show the importance of knowing howfar the homeopathic signal can reach in nature, mainly inwater, and unveils the putative role of homeopathy in recov-ering environmental disturbances.

Keywords: Environmental sciences, basic research,physicochemical models, high dilutions technology

A003. In-vitro Evaluation of the Anti-pathogenic Activity ofOkoubaka aubrevillei Mother Tincture/3x in the HumanGastrointestinal Tract Using the SHIME TechnologyPlatformSusann Buchheim-Schmidt1, Uwe Peters2, Cindy Duysburgh3,Pieter Van den Abbeele3, Massimo Marzorati3, Thomas Keller4,Petra Klement1, Stephan Baumgartner51Deutsche-Homöopathie-Union DHU-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG,Karlsruhe, Germany2AMT e.V., Breitscheid, Germany3Prodigest, Gent, Belgium4ACOMED Statistik, Leipzig, Germany5Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke,Herdecke, Germany

Background/Aim: Okoubaka aubrevillei (Okou.) isknown in homeopathy for its action on the gastrointestinaltract, e.g. in gastroenteritis and traveler’s diarrhea. Within aSimulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem(SHIME® the modulating effect of Okou. on the activity ofphysiological human proximal colon microbiota and its pre-ventive effect against gastrointestinal infections wasevaluated.

Methods: Upon inoculation with fecal microbiotafrom a healthy donor, 4 parallel proximal colon compart-ments of the SHIME® were treated either with Okou. mothertincture or 3x in therapeutic doses, blank and ethanol controlfor one week. Using the “Okoubaka-adapted” microbial com-munity from SHIME®, 48 hours “challenge tests” were per-formed with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) andSalmonella enteritidis in 4 different doses between 103–108

CFU for ETEC and 103–106 for Salmonella, considering theminimum infectious doses. Concentrations of the pathogensand short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) productionweremeasuredat 0, 24 and 48 h. The experimentswere done in triplicate andnormalized to ethanol control.

Results: Both Okou. mother tincture and 3x werecapable of restricting the colonization of Salmonella enter-itidis and ETEC at 3 of the 4 pathogen doses. A strongerantipathogenic effect was observed for the mother tincture,which included a reduction of 1.1 log-units of Salmonella(p < 0.001) and 2.0 units of ETEC (p < 0.001) after 24 h ofincubation for the lowest pathogen dose.

Total SCFA levels remained unaffected, but propionateand butyrate slightly increased during the first 24 h andremainedhighduring the 24–48 h time interval, accompaniedby a decreased acetate production which indicates a “crossfeeding” process from acetate to health-related butyrate.

Conclusion: An activating effect of the intestinal mi-crobiome's resistance can be postulated for bothOkou. moth-er tincture and 3x.

Keywords: Okoubaka, microbiome, SHIME®, in vitro

A004. Immobilisation of Solvatochromic Dyes onTransparentMembranes; a Simple and EffectiveMethod forInvestigating the Physics of Homeopathic PotenciesSteven J. Cartwright11Cherwell Innovation Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom

Background and Aims: Solvatochromic dyes havedemonstrated themselves to be effective detectors of homeo-pathic potencies. Current research is directed at the immobi-lisation of solvatochromic dyes onto transparent membranesin order to examine in detail the primary interaction betweena range of different homeopathic medicines across potencyscales.

Methods: It has been found that a number of solvato-chromic dyes can be covalently immobilised onto cellulosemembranes, thereby allowing a direct examination of theprimary interaction between homeopathic potencies andmolecular detectors. Immobilisation means that dye aggre-gation cannot occur and therefore a much clearer picture isbeginning to emerge with respect to the kinetics and ther-modynamics of potency-dye interactions.

Results: One surprising finding already emerging isthat the interaction between dyes and potencies is hystereticor S-shaped. This behaviour is characteristic of positive feed-back loops or auto-catalytic processes where a process self-strengthens over time before eventually reaching a maxi-mum. Results suggest some kind of resonant interactionbetween potencies and dyes is taking place, the strengthand development of which is dependent upon starting con-ditions and the electronic and structural features of the dyeused. Further findings indicate that potencies are not con-stant in their strength but fluctuate over time.

Conclusions: What the possible causes of both thehysteretic behaviour of potencies and the fluctuations inpotency strength over time are, and what they mean forhomeopathy in general, will be discussed, along with whatthese results may be telling us about the likely identity ofpotencies.

Keywords: Solvatochromism, immobilisation, feed-back, hysteresis, resonance

A005. A Homeopathic Medication Can Improve UpperRespiratory Tract Infections in COPD Patients: EPOXILOCohorts StudyGualberto Díaz Saez1, Susana Conde Diez2, Ana Viejo Casas3,Sylvaine Balmy41CEDH (Centro Enseñanza y Desarrollo Homeopatía), Madrid, Spain2Centro de Salud José Barros, Cantabria, Spain3Centro de Salud Pisueña-Cayón, Cantabria, Spain4Boiron SIH, Madrid, Spain

Background: Exacerbations of Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease (COPD) can be triggered by Upper Respi-ratory Tract Infections (URTIs), viral aetiology being of in-creasingly higher importance. A homeopathic approach toviral URTI in COPD patients could help reduce its frequencyand related exacerbations.

Methods: Prospective, cohorts, multi-center study inCantabria (Spain), with 219 COPD patients taking a weeklydose of the homeopathic medicine Oscillococcinum (HG¼ 109) or not (CG ¼ 110) added to conventional treatmentand following usual practice. Main objective was measuring

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Homeopathy Vol. 109 No. 1/2020

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the number of URTIs (follow-up of 4–5 months). Secondaryendpoints included duration of URTIs, number and durationof COPD exacerbations, use of drugs, quality of life andadverse events.

Results: Therewas a significant reduction in themeannumber of URTIs in HG compared to CG (0.51 vs 1.04), with adifference of�0.52 (CI 95% [�0.84;�0.20], p ¼ 0.001) and 3.3times more likelihood of suffering �2 URTI episodes in CG(p ¼ 0.003). The mean duration of the episodes was reducedin HG patients (3.57 vs 5.22 days; p ¼ 0.012). When lookingat the exacerbator phenotype patients, therewas a significantdecrease in number of URTIs (0.54 vs 1.31; p ¼ 0.011) andfewer COPD exacerbations (0.9 vs 1.5; p ¼ 0.037). The pre-scription of exacerbation-corticoids was decreased in bothgroups between baseline and visit 2, but more reduced in HG(22.1% vs 7.5%; p ¼ 0.005). Other variables did not reachstatistically significant differences between groups.

Conclusions: The use of this homeopathicmedicine byCOPD patients may have a beneficial impact in reducing thenumber and duration of URTIs and can positively impact thenumber of COPD exacerbations in patients with the exacer-bator phenotype. Confirmation with studies with a greatersample size and a longer follow-up should be pursued.

Keywords: COPD, homeopathy, URTI, exacerbation,cohorts

A006. Replication and Meta-Analysis of Specific Effects ofHomeopathically Prepared Tin (Stannum metallicum 30x)with a Cress Seedling, CuCl2 Crystallisation ‘Fingerprint’,ApproachPaul Doesburg1,2, Jens-Otto Andersen3, Claudia Scherr4,Stephan Baumgartner2,41Crystal Lab, Landgoed Roepaen, Ottersum, The Netherlands2Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke,Herdecke, Germany3Biodynamic Research Association Denmark, Herskind, Galten,Denmark4Hiscia Research Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland

Background and Aims: Basic homeopathic researchrequires stable and reliable test systems to detect biologicaleffects of homeopathic preparations. Baumgartner et al.(2012) described a test system, which revealed specificeffects of a potentized Stannum met. 30x preparation (nomi-nal dilution of 10�30 of the original substance) compared towater 30x as control in a bio-assay using cress (Lepidiumsativum L.). The bio-assay is based on cress seed germination,CuCl2x2H2O crystallization of the cress extracts, and subse-quent computerized image analysis of the crystallizationpatterns.

In the present study we performed a replication trialat two independent laboratories, employing meticulousmethodology, among which the integration of SystematicNegative Control (SNC) experiments.

Results: Analysis of the data of the replication trialrevealed the same data structure in both projects regardingdirectionality and relative effect size of the homeopathictreatment. SNC experiments did not yield evidence for ex-perimental instabilities, indicative of a robust test system. Ameta-analysis of the pooled data of both trials revealed ahighly significant treatment effect of Stannum met. 30x, andno interaction with experimental day. In a subgroup analysiswe identified that the spatial region of the crystallizationpatterns, where the potency treatment effect manifests, waspredominantly confined to the geometrical centre of thecrystallization plates – which is in agreement with theprecursor study.

Conclusions: We were able to establish a test systemyielding reproducible biological effects of an ultra-molecularhomeopathic preparation when replicated in ten indepen-dent experiments in two laboratories. Meta-analysis of thedata of both trials yielded a highly significant treatmenteffect. These ground-breaking results point to a promisingpotential of the method to contribute to basic homeopathicresearch and call for developing a theoretical model tounderstand the effects observed.

Keywords: Pattern formation, bio-assay, meta-analy-sis, reproduction trial, systematic negative controlexperiments

A007. Homeopathic Treatment Ameliorates Fatigue andAttentional Deterioration in Radiotherapy Breast CancerPatientsYakov Freed11Homeopathic Supportive Cancer Care, Institute of Oncology, ShebaMedical Centre, Israel

Patients with breast cancer experience psychosocialdistress such as anxiety, depression, fatigue, and cognitivedisturbances. Both fatigue and cognitive dysfunction havebeen observed as post-treatment outcomes of chemotherapyand/or radiotherapy.

The PPI test represents an operational measure ofinformation-protective pre-attentional mechanisms. PPI is aneurological phenomenon in which a weaker acoustic pre-pulse (delivered via headphones) inhibits the reaction to asubsequent strong startling pulse. The reduction of theresponse amplitude (measured by electromyographic activi-ty from the orbicularis oculi muscle) reflects the ability of thenervous system to temporarily adapt to a strong sensorystimulus when a preceding weaker signal is given. PPI is anobjective tool for fatigue evaluation.

In a randomized, doubleblind, IBR-approved study, 57female patients who underwent chemotherapy and adjuvantwhole breast radiation in the radiation department at ShebaMedical Centre, and who gave written consent for participa-tion, were included in the study: 38 received homeopathictreatment and 19 received placebo.

All patients were evaluated at the beginning, during,end and one month after completing radiotherapy for: (i)fatigue level, utilizing the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI);(ii) attention performance, utilizing the Pre-Pulse Inhibition(PPI) task; and (iii) anxiety level, utilizing both the startleresponse test and examining the Galvanic Skin Response(GSR) differences.

At baseline, both treated and placebo groups showedsimilar impaired level of auditory-sustained attention (ASAT;measured by pre-pulse inhibition), probably as a conse-quence of recent chemotherapy.

One-month after radiotherapy completion, while theplacebo ASAT performance further deteriorated, a significantimprovement (to normal performance) was observed in thehomeopathic treatment group.

Keywords: Homeopathy, breast cancer, fatigue,radiotherapy

A008. Outcome-Specific Review of Controlled ClinicalStudies with Homeopathic MedicinesKatharina Gaertner11University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and IntegrativeMedicine, Switzerland

Background: Though there exists a considerable num-ber of systematic reviews of clinical homeopathy studies,

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they are limited regarding literature sources and study type.Furthermore, a comprehensive update is needed.

Aim: The aim was to conduct an extensive systematicreview focusing on the investigated indications and outcomesof the original studies in order to provide a clear view of theexisting evidence for each particular indication, to revealacademic voids and to enhance the applicability of the resultsfor therapeutic practice.

Method: In addition to available studies frompreviousreviews, an extended literature search was conducted con-sidering also ‘grey’ literature (e.g. theses, conference proceed-ings). Six medical databases (Medline, Embase, CochraneCentral Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, Science CitationIndex Expanded and LILACS), four databases for complemen-tary medicine (CORE-Hom and CAM-Quest®, AMED andCINAHL), as well as 25 databases for theses and dissertations,were searched and complemented by manual references.Search limits were set from 01.01.1980 to 30.06.2017. Thestudy records were managed by means of the citation man-ager Endnote® and were transferred into a previously pilotedand standardized data-handling template (Excel®). Publica-tion type, study aims and target population, study design,sample size and outcomes, as well as intervention detailssuch as potencies, dosage, type of homeopathy and compar-ator, were extracted from the included reports.

Results: 600 original studies in 202medical conditionscould be included in the review. For 52 conditions, at least twocontrolled studies for the same homeopathic interventioncould be identified. They will be presented, using tables forthe different clinical indications, and discussed regarding thestudy details (e.g. design, sample size, homeopathic method).

Keywords: Review, research methodology, clinicalpractice

A009. How Homeopathy is Treated in Meta-analysesRobert Hahn11Södertälje Hospital, Södertälje, Sweden

Many scientists reject homeopathy because there isno plausible mechanism of action. However, medical caretoday is evidence-based, where a mechanism is not crucial.With abundant literature, evidence is obtained by meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Sadly, several meta-analy-ses authored by classical scientists and skeptics, wherehomeopathic treatment is compared to placebo (water),show evidence of manipulation and bad judgment.

The story starts in 1997 when Klaus Linde and co-workers identified 89 clinical trials that showed an overallodds ratio of 2.45 in favor of homeopathy over placebo. Thisdifferencewas statistically significant. Linde reported a trendtoward smaller benefit from studies of thehighestquality, butthe 10 trialswith thehighest quality (highest Jadad score) stillshowed homeopathy had a statistically significant effect.

These results challenged academics to perform alter-native analyses that, to demonstrate lack of effect, relied onextensive exclusion of studies, often to the degree thatconclusions were based on only 5-10% of the material, oron virtual data. Such extensive exclusion exercises, created inretrospect, opens the way for the authors to manipulate theoutcome by creating statistical Type II errors and flip-flopphenomena. The ultimate argument against homeopathy isthe “funnel plot” published by Shang’s group in 2005. How-ever, the funnel plot model is flawed when applied to amixture of diseases, because studies with expected strongtreatment effects are, for ethical reasons, powered lower thanstudies with expected weak or unclear treatment effects.

To conclude that homeopathy lacks clinical effect,scientists must overlook more than 90% of the available

clinical trials. Alternatively, flawed statistical methods mustbe applied.

Keywords: Homeopathy, study quality, meta-analysis,randomized controlled trials

A010. Effects of Homeopathic Preparations of Mercuriuscorrosivus on the Growth Rate of Mercury-StressedDuckweed Lemna gibba L. as a Function of Different StressLevelsTim Jäger1, Sandra Würtenberger2, Stephan Baumgartner11Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke,Germany2Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Hevert-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co.KG, Nussbaum, Germany

Background and Aims: We developed a bioassay withmercury-stressed duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) to study poten-tial effects of homeopathically potentised mercury(II) chlo-ride (Mercurius corrosivus). Furthermore, the response of thisbioassay to homeopathic treatments as a function of stressintensity was also of interest.

Methods: A bioassay with arsenic-stressed duckweed(LemnagibbaL.)wasadapted for theuseofmercuryasstressor.Plants were poisoned with mercury(II) chloride at two differ-ent intensities (slight/severe) for 48 hours. Afterwards plantsgrew in either Mercurius corrosivus (24x to 30x) or watercontrols for seven days. Growth rates of the frond (leaf) areaweredeterminedusing a computerised image analysis system.Six independent experiments with potentised Mercurius cor-rosivus were performed, three for each stress level. Addition-ally, six systematic negative control (SNC) experiments withwater were conducted (three for each stress level) to investi-gate the stability of the experimental set-up. All experimentswere randomised and blinded.

Results: Highly standardised conditions wereachieved by using a specific growth chamber, leading tovery small coefficients of variance (� 2%). The SNC experi-ments did not yield any significant effects, providing evidencefor the stability of the experimental system. Growth rates ofslightly stressed duckweed were significantly enhanced afterapplication ofMercurius corrosivus 24x–30x compared to thecontrols. Growth rates of severely stressed duckweed weresignificantly reduced compared to the controls.

Conclusion: The test system with Lemna gibba L.yielded evidence for specific effects of Mercurius corrosivus24x–30x, namely a growth enhancement for duckweed thatwas slightly stressed and a growth reduction for duckweedthat was severely stressed by mercury. The Lemna gibba L.bioassay is developing into a very useful tool for homeopathicbasic research, since it revealed specific effects of potentizedArsenicum album after arsenic stress, and effects of poten-tizedMercurius corrosivus after mercury stress, and might beused in the future for investigation of the Simile principle.

Keywords: Mercury-stressed plant bioassay, stressintensity, Mercurius corrosivus, duckweed, Lemna gibba L.

A011. Homeopathic Preparations in the LowPotency RangeStudied by Means of Pattern Formation in EvaporatingDroplets: Influence of Succussion Stroke NumberMaria Olga Kokornaczyk1, Sandra Würtenberger2, StephanBaumgartner1,31Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland2Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, Hevert-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG,Nussbaum, Germany3Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke,Herdecke, Germany



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Background and Aims: Evaporation-induced patternformation in droplets has been applied to characterize ho-meopathic preparations at high and low potency levels. Herewe investigated whether the droplet evaporation method(DEM) may identify differences in succussed vs. unsuccussedhomeopathic preparations, and in potencies prepared withdifferent succussion stroke numbers in the low potencyrange.

Materials and Methods: In the present experimenta-tion we analyzed five potencies (Echinacea 2x, Baptisia 3x,Baptisia 4x, Luffa 4x, and Spongia 6x) prepared in threevariants each: potentized by the application of (i) 100 or (ii)10 succussion strokes between the consecutive dilutionsteps, and (iii) prepared as an unsuccussed, onlygentlymixed,control. The experimental set-up stability was examined bypositive control experiments. The DEM experimental proto-col consisted of the evaporation of droplets of the analyzedpotency per se, placed on microscope slides and undercontrolled conditions. The resulting patterns were photo-graphed in dark field. The images (4026 in total) weresubjected to computerized pattern evaluation, consisting ofthe measurement of their grey-level distribution, aspects oftexture, and fractality.

Results: In all five analyzed homeopathic prepara-tions, the succussed (100 and 10 times) and unsuccussedvariants could be significantly differentiated by means of atleast three of the five analyzed image evaluation parameters.Significant differences between all variants were found onlyfor potency levels 4x and higher (Baptisia 4x, Luffa 4x, andSpongia 6x) in one parameter per preparation. In most cases,the application of succussion strokes reduced the size, ho-mogeneity, and complexity of the DEM patterns. The controlexperiments showed reasonable experimental modelstability.

Conclusions: Phenomenological study of homeopathicpreparations in the low potency range, prepared with differ-ent succussion stroke numbers, may contribute to a betterunderstanding of the changes that the material, which is stillpresent at low potencies, undergoes during successive po-tentization steps.

Keywords: Evaporation, patterns, homeopathy, lowpotencies

A012. Further Data on Wheat Germination and SilverNitrate: Low and Medium DilutionsCorinne Kraus1, Waltraud Scherer-Pongratz1,Peter Christian Endler11Interuniversity College Graz/Castle of Seggau, Austria

Background: In pilot studies (GIRI 2016, HRI 2015),wheat grains were observed under aqueous low solutionsof silver nitrate, either diluted in distilled water in steps of1:10 by pipetting only (“e”) or diluted and agitated (“x”).Untreated distilled water served as additional control (W0).Probes were applied blindly. Germination rates after 28hwere higher under “x” than under “e” (p < 0.01 in bothstudies). System stability was tested and found adequate(GIRI 2018), silver nitrate concentrations were measuredand found correctly prepared (GIRI 2019), and it was shownthat agitated water did not lead to enhanced germinationversus non-agitated water, thus excluding the possibility ofan effect of higher oxygen saturation in x-probes (GIRI 2018).

Aim: Following up on the pilot studies, the aimwas toinvestigate the influence of silver nitrate on wheat germina-tion at low (10�2 to 10�10) and medium (10�11 to 10�24)dilutions.

Method: Experiments were performed in Austria(10�2 to 10�10) and Germany (10�2 to 10�24). Experimental

conditions were as similar as possible to those in the pilotstudy, apart from the fact that silver nitrate 10�2 (not 10�1)served as mother tincture.

Result:After 28h, germination rates (N grains ¼ 2200)were 54.5�16.04% of W0 probes, 44.76�17.16% of e-probes(N ¼ 9100) and 48.12�17.41% of x-probes (N ¼ 9100). Ger-mination rates were thus higher under x than under e,surpassing the e-values by 7.5% for the overall pooled data(10�2 to 10�24) (p < 0.01), and by þ6.7% for 10�2 to 10�10,þ8.2% for 10�11 to 10�17, and þ13.7% for 10�18 to 10�24.

Conclusion: The experiments suggest that agitation ofmolecular probes can have effects that would also deserveconsideration in mainstream biology and medicine.

Keywords: Low dilution, silver nitrate, wheat

A013. Demographic Review of Outcomes in an NHSHomeopathy ClinicRussell Malcolm1,2,3

1NHS Tayside, United Kingdom2Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine – UCLH, London,United Kingdom3Faculty of Homeopathy, London, United Kingdom

This qualitative research project has been developedfrom a data-set whose primary objective was to provide adetailed factual profile of a fully functional National HealthService (NHS) Homeopathy Clinic.

A six-year statistical review of all patients seen at theNHS Tayside Homeopathy Clinic has involved the collation ofa) socio-economic and demographic data, b) pre-existingconventional drug data, and c) illness-category data, eachmeasured against outcomes, established by: i) physician-measured significance scores in an unselected cohort of600 patients, and ii) a subset of 120 patient-reported out-comes from actively reviewed cases in 2018.

The observed patterns of outcome are presented inthe context of detailed health, social and socioeconomicprofiling of attenders at this NHS Clinic.

Keywords: Qualitative, socio-economic, NHS, homeo-pathy, demographic

A014. In-vitroTestingHomeopathic Drugs on Bronchial CellsMarta Marzotto1, Shahram Shahabi2, Paolo Bellavite11Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy2Hyland’s, Standard Homeopathic Company, Los Angeles, California,United States

The aim of the research is to assess any protective in-vitro activity of homeopathic remedies, used in ailmentscharacterized by cough symptoms, on bronchial epithelialcells (16HBE).We are studying the effects on healthy cells andcells intoxicated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), whereCSE intoxication should mimic the pathologic state of airwayepithelium associated with cough.

The cells are seeded in 96-well microplates at adensity of 2.5 � 104 cells/well in 2% FBS-EMEM medium.Liquid extract of cigarette smoke (CSE) is prepared by bub-bling smoke into PBS solution, diluted at suitable concentra-tion to obtain sub-maximal toxic effects. Normal and CSE-treated cells are treated for 24h or 48h with various doses ofhomeopathic drugs (Hyland’s, Los Angeles, USA) traditionallyindicated for people with upper respiratory tract infections,such as Drosera rotundifolia, Pulsatilla pratensis, Nux vomica,Allium cepa, Natrum muriaticum and Kalium bichromicumand others, or solvent ethanol/water as control. Parameters ofcell viability (WST and Crystal Violet) and cytokine produc-tion (IL8, IL6, TNF-α, IP-10 and others) are measured.

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Preliminary findings from dose-response studies in-dicate that most tested drugs have no effects on cell viability,indicating that they are safe. Drosera low dilutions (2x–5x)exert a small but significant protective effect in CSE-chal-lenged cells. Kalium b. 5x and Nux vomica at 3x dilutionsignificantly decrease cell viability in both normal and CSE-treated cells, while the same dose increases the release of IL8and IL6. Interestingly, the chemokine IP-10, (interferon-in-duced chemoattractant for monocytes/macrophages and Tcells) decreases when the cells are treatedwith Kalium b. andalsowithDrosera5x, suggesting that this chemokinemaybe asensitive and specific new target in bronchial cells.

In conclusion, this model provides an interesting toolfor the investigation of the therapeutic properties of commonhomeopathic drugs on normal and CSE-stressed bronchialepithelial cells.

Keywords: Bronchial cells, in vitro, Drosera, Kaliumbichromicum

A015. The High-Quality Randomised Controlled Trials ofHomeopathic Treatment, as Defined by Systematic Reviewand Meta-AnalysisRobert T. Mathie11Homeopathy Research Institute, London, United Kingdom

Background: In our programme of systematic reviews,assessment of internal validity (IV) and model validity (MV)of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of individualised andnon-individualised homeopathic treatment (IHT and NIHTrespectively) has enabled us to rate placebo-controlled RCTsas high, moderate or low study quality. Assessments of IV andexternal validity (degree of pragmatic or explanatory studyattitude) have recently been achieved for other-than-placebo(OTP)-controlled RCTs of IHT and NIHT.

Aims: To examine the totality of clinical evidence inhomeopathic treatment across the four RCT designs, withparticular focus on high-quality studies and their meta-analysis.

Methods: The 90 RCTs that were included in our fourprior meta-analyses comprised the data-set. A study wasrated ‘high quality’ if it had high IV and acceptable MV(placebo-controlled trials) or if it had high IV and suitablepragmatic or explanatory attitude (OTP-controlled trials).One main outcome measure per RCT was identified andused in sensitivity analysis based on high study quality.

Results: The quality rating was ‘high’ for 5 RCTs,‘moderate’ for 31, and ‘low’ for 54. Four of the high-qualitytrials were placebo-controlled (3 IHT, 1 NIHT): Jacobs et al(Pediatrics 1994; childhood diarrhoea); Jacobs et al (PediatrInfect Dis J 2001; otitis media); Bell et al (Rheumatology 2004;fibromyalgia); Colau et al (Drugs RD 2012; menopausalsyndrome). One was OTP-controlled (a pragmatic study ofIHT): Peckham et al (Homeopathy 2014; irritable bowelsyndrome, IBS). Analysis of the high-quality trials identifieda treatment effect favouring homeopathy over placebo (oddsratio ¼ 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.33 to 3.15; n ¼ 4;p ¼ 0.001); there was no significant difference betweenhomeopathy and usual care for IBS.

Conclusions: There are 5 high-quality RCTs of homeo-pathic treatment, containing evidence of a distinct effect ofhomeopathic medicines compared with placebo. Additionalhigh-quality RCT research in homeopathy is necessary toenable more complete and decisive data interpretation.

Keywords: Individualised, non-individualised, ran-domised controlled trials, systematic review, meta-analysis

A016. Control of Liver Enzymes in Magellanic Penguins(Spheniscus magellanicus) Through Ultra-diluted MedicineFranscinne Narita1,2, Cidéli Coelho3,41Instituto Argonauta para Conservação Costeira e Marinha, Ubatuba(SP), Brazil2Sabina - Escola Parque do Conhecimento, Santo André (SP), Brazil3HD Science, Santo André (SP), Brazil4University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo (SP), Brazil

Magellanic penguins reproduce along the coast ofArgentina, Chile and the Falkland Islands. Brazil is part ofthe migratory route of these animals, which are found in adebilitated state on the coast and sent to rehabilitationcenters. When they are not able to be reinserted, they aresent to zoos and aquariums. At Sabina, Escola Parque doConhecimento, the penguins receive check-ups every sixmonths, including blood collection (hemogram andbiochemistry).

Objective: To show the results of homeopathic treat-ment on the liver enzymes (ALT-TGP/AST-TGO) of Magellanicpenguins kept in zoos. ALT enzymes are mainly found in thecytosol of hepatocytes and muscle cells, and act on thecatabolism of amino acids and the transport of nitrogenbetween organs (baseline values: 16–140 U/L). AST existsin multiple tissues, mainly in the liver and muscles (baselinevalues: 90–300 U/L).

Methods: Ten Magellanic penguins presented liverenzyme changes at their annual check-up and were treatedwith four globules of Carduus marianus 6 cH, once a day, for30 days, andwere assessed again through new tests. The datawas analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, with p < 0.05considered a statistically significant difference.

Results: In animals treated with Carduus, there was amean decrease in ALT values, from 141.2�61.5 U/L to65.3�28.7 U/L (p < 0.05), as well as a mean decrease inAST values, from 394.7�113.7 U/L to 223.2�116.7(p < 0.05). The response to the homeopathic treatment wassimilar to the allopathic treatment in previous check-ups, butwithout any side effects and being easy to administer.

Conclusion: Homeopathic treatment for penguins liv-ing in zoos and aquariums is a good option, with excellentresults and animal wellbeing.

Keywords: Homeopathy, Carduus marianus, highdilution

A017. Effect of Adjuvant Homeopathy with Usual Care inManagement of Thrombocytopenia Due to Dengue – aComparative Cohort StudyDebadatta Nayak1, Vishal Chadha2, Shruti Jain1, Priyanka Nim1,Jyoti Sachdeva1, Garima Sachdeva1, Kumar Vivekanand1, AnilKhurana1, Raj K. Manchanda1, Sunil M. Raheja21Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India2Dr. Hedgewar Aarogya Sansthan, New Delhi, India

Background: Dengue is an emerging threat to publichealth. At present no clear modalities are available forprevention and management of thrombocytopenia due todengue. This presentation reports the clinical outcomes ofintegrative homeopathic care in a hospital setting during asevere outbreak of dengue in New Delhi, India, during theperiod October to December 2015.

Methods: Based on preference, 138 patients received ahomeopathic medicine along with usual care (HþUC), and145 patients received usual care (UC) alone. Assessment ofthrombocytopenia (platelet count <100,000/mm3) was themain outcomemeasure. Kaplan-Meier analysis enabled com-parison of the time taken to reach a platelet count of 100,000/mm3.



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Results: There was a statistically significantly greaterrise in platelet count on day 1 of follow-up in the HþUC groupcompared to UC alone [mean difference ¼ 12,337; 95% con-fidence interval (CI) ¼ 5,421 to 19,252; p ¼ 0.001]. Thistrend persisted until day 5 [mean difference ¼ 14,809; 95%CI ¼ 1,615 to 28,004; p ¼ 0.02]. The time taken to reach aplatelet count of 100,000/mm3 was nearly two days earlier inthe HþUC group compared to UC alone [HþUC: 3.44 days �standard error of the mean (SE) 0.18; 95% CI ¼ 3.08 to 3.80;UC: 5.28 days � SE 0.29; 95% CI ¼ 4.71 to 5.86; p ¼ 0.0001].

Conclusion: These results suggest a positive role ofadjuvant homeopathy in thrombocytopenia due to dengue.Randomised controlled trials may be conducted to obtainmore insight into the comparative effectiveness of this inte-grative approach.

Keywords: Dengue, thrombocytopenia, homeopathy

A018. Effectiveness of HomeopathicMedicines as Add-on toInstitutional Management Protocol for Acute EncephalitisSyndrome in Children: an Open-Label Randomized Placebo-Controlled TrialPraveen Oberai1, Roja Varanasi1, Maya Padmanabhan1, AlokUpadhyaya2, Supriya Singh2, Samarendra Pratap Singh2,Deepika Vikram2, Tariq Khan2, Ramesh Prasad2, A. K. Gupta2, J.R. Singh2, Raj K. Manchanda11Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Delhi, India2Clinical Trial Unit (H), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) isendemic to certain parts of India, with limited treatmentoptions. In our initial exploratory comparative observationalstudy of 151 patients with AES, there was significantlyreduced mortality with adjunctive homeopathy comparedto institutional management protocol (IMP). The presentrandomized placebo-controlled trial brings more statisticalrigor to this research program.

Methods: This studywas conducted at a pediatric unitfrom 2013 to 2015. Children aged> 6months and� 18 yearsand receiving IMP were randomized to receive adjunctivehomeopathy (n ¼ 325) or placebo as control (n ¼ 323). Theprimary effectiveness analysis was based on Glasgow Out-comeScale (GOS).Morbiditywas assessedusing the LiverpoolOutcome Score for Assessing Children at Follow-up. Analysiswas by intention to treat.

Results: A total of 612 childrenwere analyzed (Home-opathy [H] ¼ 304; Control [C] ¼ 308). The primary outcome,GOS, differed significantly between H and C groups. Therewas 14.8% death/neuro-vegetative state in the H group com-pared to 29.8% in the C group. Relative risk was 0.49 (95%confidence interval [CI]: 0.36 to 0.68), with absolute riskreduction of 15.0% (95% CI: 8.6 to 21.6%). Number needed totreat to prevent one additional death/neuro-vegetative statewas 6.6 (95% CI: 4.6 to 11.6). Proportional-odds analysis alsorevealed a greater effect in the H group: odds ratio, 0.40 (95%CI: 0.27 to 0.60). The most frequently used medicines wereBelladonna (n ¼ 116), Stramonium (n ¼ 33), Arsenicum al-bum (n ¼ 25), Sulfur (n ¼ 18), Opium (n ¼ 17), and Nuxvomica (n ¼ 10).

Conclusion: Adjunctive homeopathic medicines mayimprove clinical outcomes associated with AES. Further ran-domized and controlled studies, using double-blinded trialdesign, are recommended to discover if the current findingsmay be corroborated.

Keywords: Acute encephalitis syndrome, adjunctivehomeopathy, India, Glasgow Outcome Scale

A019. Randomised Controlled TrialsClare Relton1,21Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit (PCTU), Centre for Primary Care andPublic Health, Queen Mary University London, United Kingdom2School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Faculty ofMedicineand Dentistry, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom

There have been over 180 randomised controlledtrials of homeopathy published in the English languagepeer reviewed scientific journals since 1940. Do these trialsprove that homeopathy works?

Clare describes her 15-year journey to answer thisand other related questions:

What are randomised controlled trials? How are theydesigned, conducted and interpreted?What is the differencebetween a randomised controlled trial and an observationalstudy? What are pragmatic trials? What do ‘Homeopathy’trials test? Treatment by homeopaths? Homeopathic medi-cines, or something else? Can we design trials that will helppatients, clinicians, and homeopaths make the bestdecisions?

This talk illuminates this modern ‘scientific’ tool, andthe economic, political and cultural forces that continue toshape trials, and concludes by offering suggestions for home-opathy trials in the future.

Keywords: Randomised controlled trials, pragmatic

A020. Challenging Inaccurate Influential Literature onHomeopathyE. Rachel Roberts1, Angelina Mosley1, Alexander L. Tournier11Homeopathy Research Institute, London, United Kingdom

In recent years, the science and politics of homeopa-thy have become closely intertwined, with public access tohomeopathic treatment and training, as well as regulatoryissues, becoming increasingly determined by how the evi-dence base is interpreted by decision-makers.

It is therefore of great concern that over the sameperiod, we have seen an ever-increasing divergence betweenthe actual status of the homeopathy evidence base as under-stood by experts in the field, and how this data is reported byacademics from other disciplines and in the mainstreammedia.

The most striking example of academic misreportingis the Overview Report published by the National Health andMedical Research Council (NHMRC) in 2015. This report,commonly known as ‘The Australian Report’, found ‘no reli-able evidence’ that homeopathy is effective.

Despite being scientifically flawed and highly inaccu-rate, the Australian Report is currently the most influentialclinical research publication on homeopathy, having gener-ated damning headlines and been cited by decision-makersworldwide.

In 2017 this trend of misreporting continued withpublication of the European Academies’ Scientific AdvisoryCouncil’s anti-homeopathy position statement, “Homeopath-ic products and practices: assessing the evidence and ensuringconsistency in regulating medical claims in the EU”.

Despite claiming to have based its conclusions on‘excellent science-based assessments already published byauthoritative and impartial bodies’, the ‘EASAC Statement’quotes the infamously flawed Shang et al. meta-analysispublished in 2005, a non-scientific and widely criticiseddocument produced by a UK Parliament Select Committeein 2010, and the 2015 Australian Report.

In this session we will: review the key scientific flawsin theNHMRCOverviewReport and EASAC Statement; look atthe impact these publications have had on the homeopathy



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sector worldwide; and report on the status of strategiesemployed by the Homeopathy Research Institute, and ourinternational collaborators, to challenge their inaccuratefindings.

Keywords: Homeopathy, Australian Report, NHMRC,EASAC

A021. Severity of Radiodermatitis in Breast Cancer Patientswith Preventive Treatment with an Homeopathic/Integrative Protocol Compared with a Control GroupElio Rossi1, Cristina Noberasco1, Marco Picchi1, Linda Nurra1,Mariella Di Stefano11Homeopathic Clinic of Campo di Marte Hospital, Lucca, Italy

Background: To deal with the adverse effects of anti-cancer treatment, the Homeopathic Clinic of Lucca, in collab-oration with the Oncology Department, has set up an Inte-grative Oncology Outpatient Unit in the Public HospitalCampo di Marte of Lucca (Italy).

Aims: To present the results of homeopathy andcomplementary integrative medicine treatment targeted to-wards reducing the radiodermatitis and other adverse effectsof radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: This is a retrospective observational studyconducted on 30 consecutive breast cancer patients under-going radiotherapy from September 2013 to December 2018.The severity of radiodermatitis was evaluated with theRadiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scale. One groupwas treated with Radium bromatum 6 CH before RT, thenBelladonna 6 CH after RT, and alsowith local application of analkalinizing agent and Calendula ointment. The control groupof patients undergoing RTwithout integrative treatment usedonly standard care – keratoplastic ointments to promotetissue repair and healing.

Results: The severity of radiodermatitis was evaluatedat the beginning and at the end of the treatment; 17 patientswith a homeopathic integrative protocol during RT werecompared with a control group of 13 patients withouttreatment. Preliminary results show that 15 patients withintegrative treatment had G1, 1 patient had G2 and 1 patienthad G3 toxicity. In the group of patients who did not receivecomplementary treatments, 5 patients hadG1; 2 patients G2;3 patients G3, and finally 3 patients G4 (Mann-Whitney U-test: two-tailed significance p � 0.01).

Conclusion: The integration of evidence-based home-opathyand complementary treatments allows for an effectiveresponse to the demand from cancer patients to reducemanyside effects of anti-cancer therapies, in particular radioder-matitis due to RT, as well as to improve their quality of life.

Keywords: Homeopathy, radiodermatitis, radiothera-py, integrative oncology, breast cancer patients

A022. Homeopathic Treatment of Atopic Diseases: Short-and Long-Term Results in a Cohort of 563 Atopic AdultPatientsElio Rossi1, Marco Picchi1, Marialessandra Panozzo1, LindaNurra11Homeopathic Clinic of Campo di Marte Hospital, Lucca, Italy

Background: Atopic diseases are the most commonchronic conditions in childhood but, in recent decades,asthma and allergy have reached epidemic proportionsamong adults in most Western societies.

Aims: To study the effect of homeopathic treatment onadult patients with atopic diseases who visited the Homeo-pathic Clinic of Lucca (Italy) and long-term evolution of thedisease over approximately an 8-year period.

Materials and Methods: Data derive from an observa-tional longitudinal study carried out on 563 atopic adultpatients who consecutively visited from 1998 to 2017: 202(35.9%) suffered from atopic dermatitis, 204 (36.2%) fromallergic rhinitis, and 157 (27.9%) from asthma. Moreover, along-term study was conducted on a subset of 45/104 adultpatients with �5 years follow-up, who consecutively visitedfrom 2006 to 2012. The study also investigated the evolutionof overall symptoms in patients with a complex atopicsymptomatology: that is, patients suffering with more thanone atopic disease.

The outcomes were evaluated according to ORIDL(Outcome in Relation to Impact on Daily Living). Statisticalevaluation was conducted via Wilcoxon’s test applied tomatched-pair samples, associated with a two-tailed signifi-cance test. The most frequently prescribed remedies were: inasthma, Nat-s and Ars; in allergic rhinitis, Puls and Ars-i; inatopic dermatitis, Sulph and Nat-s.

Results: 69.3% of atopic adults had moderate or majorimprovement (71.1% with asthma as the primary disease;69.8% rhinitis; 67.1% dermatitis). At re-evaluation after 5–12years, complete remission of atopic symptoms was observedin 69.6% of adult patients: dermatitis, 100%; allergic rhinitis,59.2%; asthma, 75% (p < 0.001). Adult patients with morethan one atopic disease at the first visit were completelycured in 54.3% of cases.

Conclusion: The results seem to confirm that homeo-pathic medicine produces positive therapeutic responses inatopic adults, and not only in paediatric atopic patients.

Keywords: Homeopathy, atopic diseases, asthma, al-lergic rhinitis, dermatitis, short- and long-term results

A023. Subcutaneous Isopathic Immunotherapy of AllergicAsthma in a Mouse Model of Allergic AsthmaShahram Shahabi1,2, Ebrahim Mazloomi1, BehroozIlkhanizadeh3, Ahad Zare41Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of MedicalSciences, Urmia, Iran2Standard Homeopathic Company, Los Angeles, California, UnitedStates3Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Urmia University ofMedical Sciences, Urmia, Iran4Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Background and Aims: Allergen immunotherapy is apromising potential disease-modifying treatment for allergicpatients. Subcutaneous immunotherapy is more effectivethan sublingual immunotherapy, but subcutaneous immu-notherapy is ineffective at a lowdose,whereas at high doses itcan result in an unacceptably prominent level of systemicreactions. Isopathy is one of the approaches of homeopathywhich means employing causative agents or products of adisease to treat the same disease. In the current study, weevaluated the efficacy of subcutaneous isopathic immuno-therapy with high diluted ovalbumin (HD OVA) in the treat-ment of OVA-induced allergic asthma in BALB/c mice.

Methods: All the experiments were conducted inaccordance with the Animal Care and Use Protocol of UrmiaUniversity of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. HD OVA wasprepared in 6C homeopathic dilutions, 10�12 wt/vol, andsuccussed according to HPUS specifications for centesimalscale potencies. During the first week, BALB/c mice weresensitized with OVA and alum. Two weeks later, the micereceived HD OVA subcutaneously on days 21, 22, 32 and onday 41 (eight hours after the last challenge) as the treatment.Themicewere challengedwith OVA (5%) aerosols on days 35,



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38 and 41 for 20 min using an ultrasonic nebulizer, andeuthanased on day 42.

Results: Our results revealed that subcutaneous iso-pathic immunotherapy significantly reduced lung-tissue in-flammation, number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar fluid,allergen-specific IgE and IL-4 production. It also insignificant-ly increased the production of TGF-β and specific regulatory Tcells population against the allergen.

Conclusion: Such data suggest that subcutaneous iso-pathic immunotherapy may be a suitable candidate for thetreatment of allergic asthma.

Keywords: Homeopathy, isopathy, asthma, allergy,immunotherapy

A024. An Assessment of a Public Health Initiative ofHomeopathy for Primary TeethingDivya Taneja1, Anil Khurana1, Anil Vichitra1, Sarabjit Sarkar2,Arun Kumar Gupta3, Renu Mittal1, Ramesh Bawaskar4, AmulyaRatan Sahoo5, Umakanta Prusty6, Shweta Singh1, MeeraSharma1, Richa Pant4, Udaiveer Singh7, Shruti Sehgal8, AlokKumar Upadhyay9, Satyashree Patnaik6, Tapan Nath9, Raj KManchanda11Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), Delhi, India2Regional Research Institute (Homoeopathy), CCRH, Guwahati,Assam, India3Homoeopathic Drug Research Institute, CCRH, Lucknow, UttarPradesh, India4Regional Research Institute (Homoeopathy), CCRH, Mumbai,Maharashtra, India5Drug Proving Research Institute (Homoeopathy), CCRH,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India6Regional Research Institute (Homoeopathy), CCRH, Puri, Odisha,India7Dr DP Rastogi Central Research Institute (Homoeopathy), Noida,India8Dr DP Rastogi Headquarters, CCRH, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India9Clinical Trial Unit for Homoeopathy, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: A public health initiative, ‘Homoeopathyfor the Healthy Child’, was undertaken focusing promotion ofhealthy teething by provision of home-based care throughpre-identified homeopathic medicines for complaints duringprimary teething. The paper reports the impact on teethingand episodes of diarrhoea and upper respiratory tract infec-tion (URTI) in children.

Methods: Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs)were trained in child care and usage of a kit comprising sixmedicines: namely Calcarea phosphoricum (CP) 6x, Ferrumphosphoricum 3x, Magnesium phosphoricum 6x, Belladonna30C, Chamomilla 30C and Podophyllum 30C. Children agedbetween 6months to 1 year, and those who still had no teethbetween the ages of 1 to 3 years, received CP.

Home-based care for diarrhoea, URTI and mild feverwas provided using the other five medicines. Dentitionpattern and diarrhoea/URTI episodes, as reported by parentsto the ASHAs, were recorded for 12 months. Outcomeassessed was change in dentition pattern, diarrhoea/URTIepisodes, and feedback by the ASHAs.

Results: 11,426 children aged 6 months to 1 year, and100 children aged 1-3 years with no teeth, were followed upfor 12 months and dentition pattern was recorded. 0.255proportion of children (p < 0.001) enrolled at 6 months, ascompared to 0.039 enrolled at 12 months, had 6 teeth at 12months. Incidence of diarrhoea showed progressive declinewith Podophyllum or Chamomilla; likewise, URTI with Bella-donna. Out of 581 ASHAs’ feedback, 566 observed homeopa-thy as beneficial and 3 observed no effect; 12 did not respond.

Conclusion: To our knowledge, there has previouslybeen no study reporting dentition pattern in children afterusing CP. This program, with regular use of CP and home-based care with homeopathy and accepted by the communi-ty, opens avenues for further validation in studies using acomparator group.

Keywords: Calcarea phosphoricum, children, denti-tion, diarrhea

A025. Ferrum phosphoricum D12 Treatment Affects J774A.1and 3T3-L1 Cells Proliferation and Gene Expression ofInflammation, Oxidative Stress and Iron Metabolism-Related ProteinsOskan Tasinov1, Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva1, Desislava Ivanova1,Milena Pasheva1, Deyana Vankova1, Diana Ivanova11Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine andNutrigenomics, Medical University “Prof. Dr. P. Stoyanov”, Varna,Bulgaria

Ferrum phosphoricum (FP), the so-called “cell salt”, isprescribed as a homeopathic remedy to treat the early stageof fever and inflammation in cases of cold or flu, musclefatigue and anemia. We aimed to analyse the molecularmechanisms of action of FP D12 tablet solution in vitro, oncell proliferation and gene expression of inflammation, oxi-dative stress and iron metabolism-related proteins in mouseJ774A.1 macrophages and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes.

Cell proliferation was examined using the MTT test.RT qPCR analyses followed by the 2�ΔΔCtcalculation methodwere performed to estimate gene expression changes. Statis-tical analyses were done by GraphPad Prism V6 software;p < 0.05 was considered as significant. FP effects were com-pared to placebo treatment (PT) and to untreated cells.

FP significantly stimulated proliferation of J774A.1and 3T3-L1 cells, by 11% and 15% respectively, in contrast toPT in the respective concentrations.

FP vs. PT significantly induced gene expression ofFerritin FTH1 and Beta-2-Microglobulin proteins (by 8-foldand 2.5-fold respectively) and IREB2 transcription factor (by4-fold), and induced a slight decrease in myosin 1E (by 0.4-fold) gene expression levels in macrophages; whereas in pre-adipocytes FTH1 (by 3-fold) and IREB2 (by 15-fold) geneexpression was induced. Significant stimulation of antioxi-dant enzymes GPX-1 (by 1.2-fold) in macrophages and GCL(by 11-fold) in pre-adipocytes by FPwas observed. Significantinduction in the gene expression of IL-1β (by 3.5-fold) inmacrophages and of IL-6 (by 20-fold), TNFα (by 16-fold) andNOXO1 (by 17-fold) in pre-adipocytes was measured.

Results indicate that FP in D12 potency may exhibitimmunostimulatory, antioxidant and increased iron uptakepotential, possibly by inducing changes in gene expressionlevels.

Keywords: Ferrum phosphoricum, proliferation, geneexpression, macrophages, pre-adipocytes

A026. Rethinking Homeopathic Research Methodology:Why Comparative Effectiveness Research MattersMichael Teut11Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany

In the last decades, a main focus of homeopathicresearch initiatives was experimental efficacy research toinvestigate specific effects of homeopathic drugs compared toplacebo. Depending on inclusion and exclusion criteria, somemeta-analyses have shown small specific effects of



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homeopathic drugs, but altogether evidence remains unreli-able due to high risk of bias and methodologicalshortcomings.

Possible beneficial therapeutic strategies of the com-plex homeopathic treatment setting as a “whole medicalsystem”, such as therapeutic relationship, empathy, trigger-ing expectations, hope, use of suggestions and metaphors,resource activation, lifestyle advice, changing conventionalmedication and others, were reduced to experimental com-parators in the classical approach.

Homeopathic observational and outcome studies un-der real medical life conditions have repeatedly shown thathomeopaths yield comparable effects to those of convention-al therapists, but with less conventional drugs exposure andoften less costs. Those “unspecific effects” are still a blind spotin the researcher’s eyes butmay in fact behighly beneficial forpatients and a resource for the health care system.

Comparative effectiveness research (CER) strategieshave been developed in the last decade tomeasure the extentto which an intervention, when deployed in the field inroutine circumstances, does what it is intended to do for aspecific population. CER methodology offers a wide range ofresearch designs and advanced techniques, including prag-matic trials, cluster randomized trials, Bayesian approaches,observational research, and also registries. In addition, par-ticipatory stakeholder involvement is used to develop morepractically relevant research questions, designs and out-comes. CER is a research strategy that would help homeo-paths to better investigate and present its benefits andadvantages under real life conditions, including the contri-bution of “unspecific effects”.

Advantages and disadvantages of this approach willbe presented and discussed.

Keywords: Comparative effectiveness research, home-opathy, outcome studies, pragmatic studies

A027. Cutting Edge Research – What are the Priorities forClinical Research and Evaluation for Homeopathy toBecome a Valued Part of the Integrative Medicine Model?Elizabeth Thompson11National Centre for Integrative Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom

Integrative Medicine is a model of healthcare whichcombines conventional, lifestyle and holistic approaches,informed by high-quality evidence, to improve health andwellbeing. Homeopathic researchers can struggle to getethical approval to deliver trials of homeopathic interven-tions and create the kind of evidence that will allow it tobecome part of this growing movement for change in healthcare across the globe.

Dr Thompsonwill review the politics of homeopathicresearch and share her experience of designing, running andpublishing a range of clinical evaluation and research studies.Within the healing model that underpins homeopathic theo-ry and practice, the challenge remains to identify underlyingmechanisms for the action homeopathic dilutions and theirspecific effects which we aim to identify within a placebo-controlled trial. Dr Thompson will discuss how an under-standing of complexity, models of healing and local orentanglement effects, is key to designing research in complexinterventions and to test the hypothesis that homeopathy canstimulate self-regulating responses to build resilience.

This presentation will contribute to an overarchingquestion about the direction of travel needed to activatehigh-quality global homeopathy research programmes.

Keywords: Integrative medicine, homeopathy, trialdesign

A028. Safety and Efficacy of Individualised HomeopathicTreatment in Sciatica – a Phase I Pre-Post Comparison StudyAaron Ka Lun To1, Yvonne Fok11Hong Kong Association of Homeopathy, Hong Kong

Background: Cochrane reviews in 2008 and 2016 bothshowed that the efficacy of NSAIDs in sciatica for pain reduc-tion and disability were comparable to placebo. A systematicreview in 2011 failed to show any long-term benefit fromsurgery after 1–2 years. We developed a set algorithm forindividualized homeopathic treatment, which can potentiallycontribute to the reproducibility of themethod. The algorithmwas developed based on the principles of classical repertori-zation of local and general symptoms and differential diagno-sis of 10 commonly used remedies in sciatica.

Objectives: A phase I trial of a set of algorithms forsciatica is being conducted, in which the primary objective isto compare the difference in the pain intensity of sciaticapatients at baseline, day 3, day 7 and at 1 month. Thesecondary objectives include comparing the effects on acute,sub-acute and chronic sciatica, documenting the frequencyand direction of any modification of the standardized dosageregimen, any aggravation, adverse event, or rescue medica-tions used.

An RCT focusing first on acute sciatica will be donewhen these data are available, and the potential for furtherstudies in chronic cases will be revealed. The data from thestudy will be able to provide more information about theeffect size and dosage regimen for a more sensitive RCTdesign.

Methods: A prospective observational single grouppre-post comparison study is being carried out from April2018 to April 2019. The pain score pre- and post- treatmentwill be compared to baseline using paired t-test (Normaldistribution) or theWilcoxon signed-rank test (non-Normal).Comparison with relevant controls in other studies will bereferred in the discussion.

Results: In the data updated in January 2019, 42participants had been recruited and 34 (81%) of them hadfinished the follow up at day 7. 64.5% of them reportedimprovement/significant improvement. The most commonlyindicated remedies were Rhus toxicodendron, Colocynthis andLycopodium clavatum, representing 45.2% of all prescriptions.16.7% of the subjects had reported an aggravation; 2.4% hadreported the use of rescue medications. The final results aredue in May 2019.

Keywords: Homeopathy, sciatica, individualized,algorithm

A029. Physicochemical Investigations of HomeopathicPreparations: A Systematic ReviewAlexander Tournier1,2, Sabine Klein1, Sandra Würtenberger3,Ursula Wolf1, Stephan Baumgartner1,4,51Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University ofBern, Switzerland2Water Research Lab, Heidelberg, Germany3Hevert-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG, Nussbaum, Germany4Society for Cancer Research, Arlesheim, Switzerland5Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke,Germany

Objectives: The aimofour reviewprogram is toupdateand expand the current state of knowledge in the area ofphysicochemical properties of homeopathic preparations.

Methods: We identified relevant publications of suffi-cient reporting quality for further in-depth analysis. We re-viewed all identified publications in terms of the individualexperiments they describe. We extracted information



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regarding methodological criteria such as blinding, random-isation, statistics, controls, sample preparation, and replica-tions, as well as regarding experimental design andmeasurement methods applied. Scores were developed toidentifyexperimental techniqueswithmost reliableoutcomes.

Results: We identified 134 publications of sufficientreporting quality to be analysed in detail. These publicationsdescribed 203 experiments. Less than 25% used blinding and/or randomisation, and about one third used adequate controlsto identify specific effects of homeopathic preparations. Themost promising techniques used so far are NMR relaxation,spectroscopy and electrical impedance measurements. Inthese three areas, several sets of replicated high-qualityexperiments provide evidence for specific physicochemicalproperties of homeopathic preparations.

Conclusions: For future experiments, we generallyrecommend using succussed controls, or comparing differenthomeopathic preparations with each other to reliably identi-fy any specific physicochemical properties. Further in-depthanalysis of the experiments is necessary to explore differenthypotheses regarding a possible mode of action of potentisedremedies.

Keywords: Systematic review, homeopathy, physics

A030. Use of Papaver somniferum and Arnica montana inUltra-diluted Form to Assist in Anesthesia Recovery and asAnalgesia for Dogs having Undergone OvariohysterectomyDavid Ronald Travagin1, Cidéli Coelho2,31Integrated University Center Campo Mourão (PR), Brazil2University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo (SP), Brazil3HD Science School, São Caetano do Sul (SP), Brazil

Ovariohysterectomy is one of the most frequentlyperformed procedures in veterinary surgery. The objectivewas to assess the effects of using Papaver somniferum 200 cHand Arnica montana 30 cH in the recovery room and as apostoperative analgesia in dogs that had undergone anovariohysterectomy. This study was approved by the EthicsCommittee for Animal Experimentation of the IntegratedUniversity Center (No. 2124/2017).

A total of 40 dogs were considered ASA I (AmericanAnesthesiology Association) after physical and laboratoryexaminations, and were randomly divided into four groups:Arnica, Papaver, hydroalcoholic and physiological solution,receiving 4 drops of each treatment every 10 minutes over aperiod of 1 hour. Anesthesia recovery time (in minutes), aswell as the duration of the postoperative analgesia (in hours),was measured using the modified Glasgow scale. Heart rate,respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and rectal tempera-ture were also evaluated during the recovery period. Thestudy was blinded. The data was analyzed using ANOVA,followed by the Tukey test, with p < 0.05 considered astatistically significant difference.

The Papaver-treated group recovered from anesthesia(41�7.6 min) faster than the others: Arnica (65.8�17.3 min),hydroalcoholic solution (68.8�15 min) and physiologicalsolution (55.3�12.5 min); p � 0.05. The Arnica group re-quired rescue analgesia later than the others (17.8�3.6 h):Papaver (6.6�0.9 h), hydroalcoholic solution (5.1�1.2 h) andphysiological solution (4.1�0.9 h); p � 0.05. There were nostatistically significant differences among the other physio-logical parameters.

The findings of this study coincide with other studiesin the literature. It was concluded that Papaver 200 cH iseffective in accelerating anesthesia recovery time in dogs andthat Arnica 30 cH can be an alternative in the protocol foracute pain management in these animals.

Keywords: Homeopathy, Papaver, Arnica, dogs

A031. Systematic Review of Plant-Based Homeopathic BasicResearch: an UpdateAnnekathrin Ücker1,2, Stephan Baumgartner2,3, Anezka Sokol2,Roman Huber1, Paul Doesburg2,4, Tim Jäger1,2,51Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, MedicalCenter – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University ofFreiburg, Germany2Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten-Herdecke,Germany3Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland4Crystal Lab, Landgoed Roepaen, Ottersum, Netherlands5Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine IKIM,University of Bern, Switzerland

Background and Aims: Plant-based test systems havebeen described as a useful tool for investigating possibleeffects of homeopathic preparations. The last reviews ofthis research field were published in 2009/2011. Due torecent developments in the field, an update is warranted.Publications on plant-based test systems were to be analysedwith regard to publication quality, reproducibility and po-tential for further research.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in onlinedatabases and specific journals, including publications from2008 to 2017 dealing with plant-based test systems inhomeopathic basic research. To be included, they had tocontain statistical analysis and fulfil quality criteria accordingto a pre-definedmanuscript information score (MIS), rangingfrom 0–10. Publications scoring at least five points wereincluded. They were analysed for use of adequate controls,outcome and reproducibility.

Results: 74 publications on plant-based test systemswere found. 26 reached anMIS of 5 orhigher. Adequate controlswere used in 13 of these publications. All of them reported onspecific effects of homeopathic preparations. The publicationquality is still varied: a substantial numberof publications (23%)did not adequately document the methods used. Four reportedon replication trials. One replication trial found effects ofhomeopathic preparations comparable to the original study;three replication trials failed to confirm the original study butidentified possible external influencing factors. Five publica-tions described novel test systems. Eight trials used systematicnegativecontrolexperiments to investigate test systemstability.

Conclusions: Quality of publications has increasedcontinuously in the period investigated. Regarding researchdesign, future trials should implement adequate controls toidentify specific effects of homeopathic preparations andinclude systematic negative control experiments to docu-ment test system stability. Further external and internalreproduction trials, and control of influencing factors, areneeded to verify results.

Keywords: Homeopathy, plant-based test systems,review

A032. Effects of IndividualizedHomeopathic Intervention inStage I Essential Hypertension: A Single-Blind Randomized,Placebo-Controlled TrialRoja Varanasi1, Raju Kolli2, Yogendra Rai3, Ramesh Dubashi4, G.Ravi Chandra Reddy5, Tejaswini Patole6, Priyanka Shrivastava1,Arvind Dayal1, Praveen Oberai1, Raj K. Manchanda11Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), New Delhi,India2Homoeopathy Research Institute for Disabilities, Chennai, India3Dr DP Rastogi Central Research Institute (Homoeopathy), Noida,Uttar Pradesh, India4Drug Standardization Unit, Hyderabad, Telangana, India5Regional Research Institute (H), Gudivada, Andhra Pradesh, India6Regional Research Institute (H), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India



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Background: Hypertension is the fourth-leading riskfactor for death and disability and responsible for over 1.6million deaths in India. Clinical case reports, observationalstudies and RCTs have shown homeopathy’s effectiveness inmanaging hypertension. The results of this study will add tothe evidence of effectiveness of individualized homeopathicmedicine in stage I hypertension.

Material and Methods: A randomised placebo-con-trolled single-blind pilot trial was undertaken atfive researchinstitutes, under the auspices of the CCRH, fromOctober 2013to March 2018. Out of 1946 patients screened, 217 patientssuffering from Stage I hypertension and fitting the inclusioncriteria were randomized to receive either Homeopathy þlife-style modification (HþLSM) ¼ 116 or Placebo þ LSM¼ 101. Patients in the verum armwere administered individ-ualized homeopathic medicine in Q potency. The primaryoutcome measure to evaluate the change in systolic bloodpressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) wereassessed every month for three months. Analysis was byintention to treat.

Results: Repeated measure ANOVA between thegroups showed statistically significant differences (WilkLambda 0.85, F ¼ 12.12, df ¼ 213; p ¼ 0.0001) in both SBPand DBP, favouring the HþLSM group. Post-hoc independentt-test showed a significant mean reduction of SBP [mean diff.7.12; 95% CI, 4.72 to 9.53; p ¼ 0.0001] andmean reduction inDBP [mean diff 5.76; 95% CI, 4.18 to 7.23; p ¼ 0.0001]favouring the HþLSM group. Sulphur (n ¼ 24), Natrum mur.(n ¼ 21), Lycopodium (n ¼ 16), Nux vom. (n ¼ 12) and Phos-phorus (n ¼ 10) were the most frequently prescribedmedicines.

Conclusion: Individualized homeopathy þ LSM wasfound effective over placeboþ LSM in patients suffering fromStage I hypertension. Further trials in a rigorous setting arewarranted.

Keywords: Stage I hypertension, individualized home-opathy, Q potency

A033. Disperse and Dissipative Nature of Aqueous Systems– a Possible Foundation of Homeopathy?Vladimir Voeikov1, Alexander Konovalov21Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow,Russia2Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan ScientificCentre RAS, Kazan, Russia

One of the major claims against homeopathy is thatultra-high dilutions (UHDs) of biologically active substancesare identical to a pure solvent and therefore cannot possessbiological activity. Thus, it is necessary to find out if UHDsdiffer from the solvent in their physical-chemical properties.Recently revolutionary discoveries concerning the propertiesof aqueous systems with “normal” concentrations of solutes,as well as of UHDs prepared from them, were made.

Contrary to the current opinion that solutions arehomogenous systems, it turned out that sub-micrometer“domains”, consisting of both solute and solvent molecules,emerge after dissolution of solutes in water. Upon dilution,even to ultra-high degrees, sub-micrometer structures do notdisappear; on the contrary, their size usually increases.

These structures in UHDs – called "nano-associates"(NAs) byKonovalov– are negatively charged; their charge andsizes change non-monotonically with serial dilutions. Pat-terns of NA parameters correlate with biological effectsproduced by UHDs. Shielding of UHDs from ambient electro-magnetic fields (EMF) prevents NA emergence in UHDs;paradoxical properties differentiating them from pure water,including biological activity, also disappear. Therefore, aque-

ous systems containing domains and NAs (in UHDs non-shielded from EMF) should be considered disperse systemsrather than classical solutions.

Emergence of domains and NAs in them representsthe process of self-organization, turning them into dissipativenon-equilibrium entities. Dynamic structuring of aqueousdisperse systems with charge separation in them is providedby energy supplied by environmental EMF and redox reac-tions, with the participation of reactive oxygen speciespermanently proceeding in aqueous systems.

We propose that newly discovered properties ofUHDs, representing disperse systems of a “water in water”type, prove that they are basically different from a puresolvent, affirming that homeopathy has scientificfoundations.

Keywords: Ultra-high dilutions, nano-associates, elec-tromagnetic field

A034. Prevalence and Likelihood Ratio of Six CommonObjective Homeopathic Signs in Patients Responding toMuriatic medicines – Multicentre ProspectiveObservational StudySilvia Waisse1, Lex Rutten2, José Enrique Eizayaga31São Paulo Homeopathic Medical Association (APH), São Paulo,Brazil2Independent researcher, The Netherlands3Department of Homeopathy, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires,Argentina

Assessment of prevalence and likelihood ratio (LR) ofsymptoms in responders to specific homeopathic medicinesappears currently to be the best scientific method to confirmor rule out guiding indicators for such medicines.

The aim of the present study is to assess theseparameters for 6 common objective homeopathic signs,believed to be indicators of muriatic medicines. Each of thesesigns was defined in advance. Their presence was assessed inevery new consecutive patient by 8 homeopathic physiciansin 3 different countries. This patient groupwas considered asthe control population.

The target population consisted of patients respond-ing to a muriatic homeopathic medicine. Patients wereconsidered as responders when fulfilling all the followingcriteria: more than 3 months of treatment with only onehomeopathic muriatic medicine; no other intervention dur-ing this period; ORIDL score þ2 or higher (as assessed by thepatients themselves); and the physician’s impression thatclinical improvement was attributable to the medicine. Thesame signs were assessed in this population.

Up to the time of writing, 52 responders to a muriaticmedicine, 39 of whom receivedNatrum-mur, were comparedto 846 controls. LR significantly higher than 1 was found in 3of the signs (LR; 95% confidence interval): cracked lips (1.79;1.14 to 2.82); recurrent herpes (1.96; 1.08 to 3.55); and skineruptions on the frontal hairline (2.44; 1.42 to 4.18). In theNatrum-mur sub-group, which exhibited similar results tothose overall, a fourth sign showed LR>1: dry palms (1.89;1.08 to 3.30). The remaining 2 signs, accentuated substernalfossa and geographic tongue, could not be associated to theresponding population.

Conclusions: 3 of the 6 assessed homeopathic signscould be associated to muriatic homeopathic medicines, anda fourth one specifically to Natrum muriaticum, by using arelatively simple, fast and conservative protocol.

Keywords: Likelihood ratio, objective signs, muriaticmedicines



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Poster AbstractsP001. A New Area of Scientific Validation of Homeopathy:Systems TheoryPeter Adams11Stroud Natural Health Clinic, United Kingdom

Homeopathy is gradually receiving scientific valida-tion. But there is an area of science where validation isavailable, and which is currently not being considered.

There are remarkable parallels between the homeo-pathic principles of health and disease and complex systemstheory. The law of cure, the value of symptoms, organisms’optimisation of their responses and other homeopathic prin-ciples can be derived from systems theory and cybernetics.These remarkable correlations provide extra scientific sup-port for homeopathy and new ways of looking at some long-established homeopathic principles. They can also help tolead orthodoxmedicine to a newunderstanding of health andillness based on systems science.

Keywords: Systems science, scientific validation,cybernetics

P002. Biochemical Bases of SuppressionGustavo Aguilar-Velazquez11Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, NationalAutonomous University of Mexico, Mexico

A recent literature review provided a number ofstudies with experimental information to support the phe-nomenon of suppression proposed by homeopathy. Thisphenomenon states that when a treatment is focused onlytowards local symptomatology, it may deepen the diseaseoriginating mental symptoms. Since the inflammation pro-cess could help understand the suppression phenomenon,this article will describe it in detail. Experimental studiesreveal that inflammation is a cyclic process that does not endwhen the inflammatory stimulus disappears, but when spe-cific mechanisms stop this process in order to return tohomeostasis. For example, inflammatory cells can changetheir enzymatic systems from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory, producing molecules called lipoxins and re-solvins. Suchmolecules cease inflammation, generating anti-inflammatory mediators, promoting the exit of phagocytesfrom inflammation sites, eliminating chemokines and stim-ulating tissue repair. Using anti-inflammatory drugs (sup-pression) to stop inflammation may interfere with thisphysiological process, continuing with pro-inflammatorycytokine blood levels, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α andINF-γ, which activate receptors in the hypothalamus. Oncethese are released in the brain, they affect neural circuits thatregulate behavior. The presence of these molecules decreasesthe availability of serotonin, dopamine andnorepinephrine inthe brain, increasing their re-uptake and stopping theirsynthesis by inducing the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygen-ase,whichbreaks tryptophan, aprecursor of theseamines. Theevents mentioned can cause significant emotional changesfound in clinical depression, for instance – so much so it hasbeen observed that the severity of depression is propor-tional to these cytokine levels. This mechanism couldsupport the phenomenon whereby suppression of physicalsymptoms causes the appearance of mental symptoms,given that the suppression of a local inflammatory processis not solved at its origin.

Keywords: Suppression, mental symptoms, inflam-mation, cytokines

P003. Aspirin: From High Doses to High Dilutions – AHistorical Critical Review and New ProposalsAdalberto von Ancken1, Francisco Eizayaga2, Leoni V. Bonamin11Universidade Paulista, Brazil2Universidade de Maimónides, Argentina

Platelets and vessel walls interact to retain blood flowhomeostasis during inflammatory conditions. Rebound ef-fects of anti-thrombotic agents, such as prostanoids and COXinhibitors can lead to thrombosis, infarct and stroke. Aspirinhas been prescribed for decades due to its powerful anti-platelet action, but it is also related to withdrawal syndromepeaks, resistance and thrombogenesis. Moreover, other para-doxical effects have also been described. A single high dose ofaspirin can generate thrombus eight to ten days later; how-ever, highly diluted aspirin can also produce the same effectin one hour, by unknown pathways, though it is known thathigh dilutions of aspirin can reduce PGI2 activity. Additional-ly, aspirin anti-thrombotic effects are also reversed by its highdilutions. Despite the fact that COX-2 selective inhibition andhighly diluted aspirin have pro-thrombotic properties, thesimultaneous administration of both does not further in-crease thrombus formation. Metabolic changes in platelets,rebound effect, delayed inhibition of COX-2 and residualendothelial aspirin accumulation are plausible hypotheses,since these patterns lead to the concept of hormesis. However,other fields of investigation, such as the characterization ofnanostructures and electronic field properties of high dilu-tions, have not been studied yet for aspirin. Further studiesinvolving the participation of COX-2 in macrophages, and thedescription of high dilution physicochemical properties andtheir putative relationships, are promising areas for follow-upin this subject.

Keywords: Aspirin, high dilutions, experimentalmodels

P004. High Dilution Medicine in the Treatment ofSeparation Anxiety in Dogs: A Descriptive Double-BlindPlacebo-Controlled StudyAdalberto von Ancken1, Giovani Peres2, Cidéli Coelho11Universidade de Santo Amaro, Brazil2Universidade Paulista, Brazil

Separation anxiety in dogs causes great distress,which leads to many clinical symptoms. Homeopathy diag-noses susceptibilities in sick individuals and treats themglobally with a single medicine through the law of similarity,according to Samuel Hahnemann’s unicism. The aim of thisstudy was to quantify the behavioural changes seen in dogstreated with a high dilution medicine for separation anxiety.The demographic profiles of the dogs and their changes incortisol levels during treatment were also to be documented.By means of a qualitative questionnaire filled in by theirowners, 23 dogs diagnosed with separation anxiety wereselected and repertorized according to classical homeopathyand treated with verum high dilution medicine or placebo,besides blood collection. On the 30th day, dogs were reap-praised and could undergo changes in their medicines andpotencies. On the 60th day a new blood sample was collectedfor comparison. The pharmacist was responsible for random-izing and dispensing verum medicine or placebo. In theverum group, 11 dogs (68.75%) were classified as havingreceived effective treatment. There was no significant differ-ence in cortisol levels between the groups (p < 0.05). Themean age of the dogs was 4 years and 7 months, anddestructiveness was the most common clinical symptom.Most of the dogs were male, mixed breed, not neutered,living with a couplewithout children, hyper-attached to their



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owner and had been obtained as puppies from pet stores.Though it is possible to conclude that high-dilution medicinewas able to modify dogs’ behaviour, and as a feasible alterna-tive to separation anxiety treatment, it is not possible toconclude any connection between high-dilution medicineand cortisol.

Keywords: Homeopathy, High dilution, Dogs, Behav-ioural Disturbance, Hyper-attachment

P005. A Randomised Controlled Trial Using IndividualisedHomeopathic Treatment for Modifying Anger and BloodPressure in Patients with Essential Hypertension –Comparison Against Standard Care TreatmentLeena Bagadia1,21Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik, Maharashtra,India2Smt. Chandaben M. Patel Homeopathic Medical College, Mumbai,India

Background: Hypertension (HT) is the most perva-sive disease worldwide, causing multiple chronic condi-tions without apparent symptoms. Global burden ofdisease is extremely high due to HT. The Framingham studytells us that about 90% of people after the age of 65 yearshave a lifetime risk of developing HT. The aetiology ofhypertension is various and complex, involving both ge-netic and behavioural factors. More and more peopleexperience increased anger, anxiety and depressionbrought on by globalization, cultural changes, socioeco-nomic changes, and stress at the work place. Anger is acritical contributing factor in essential hypertension (EHT).In our research, we tried to correlate anger with EHT and totreat anger – and thus the level of hypertension – withhomeopathic simillimum.

Objectives:

1. To investigate the relationship between level of anger andlevel of hypertension.

2. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of homeopathic treat-ment on anger – and thereby on blood pressure (BP) – incomparison with standard care treatment forhypertension.

Methods: 300 patientswith EHTwere screened, 172 ofwhom (108 men, 64 women) were enrolled after informed,voluntary consent. They were divided into two equal groupsby simple randomisation. After thorough case-taking, allpatients were advised regarding DASH (Dietary Approachesto StopHypertension), life-stylemodification and anti-hyper-tensives, as per individual requirements. The STAXI-2 scalewas applied to measure anger at the beginning and after sixmonths’ study period. One groupwas kept on placebo and theother on individualised homeopathic medicine. Regular fol-low-upwas every twoweeks. Data generatedwas analysed bySPSS v.21.

Results: Except state anger and its components, allother variables of anger, as well as systolic and diastolic BP,were remarkably reduced (p < 0.001) by homeopathy. Also,89% of patients in the homeopathy group experienced reliefin the symptoms of co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus,rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, gastro-esophageal reflux dis-order and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Standardcarewith anti-hypertensives had little impact on anger or thegeneral psychopathology of patients, and had no effect on co-morbidities.

Conclusion: The patients treated with individualisedhomeopathic treatment showed statistically significant im-

provement in anger and hypertension, and also showednotable relief in the symptoms of co-morbidities.

Keywords: Essential hypertension, state anger, traitanger, STAXI-2

P006. 19th Century Homeopathic Materia Medica TextsPredict Source Materials Whose Physiology InfluencesThyroid ActivityJanice Block11Kupat Cholim Leumit, Beit Shemesh, Israel

Background: The homeopathic materia medica con-tains hundreds of thousands of observations collected overthe course of centuries. It includes both clinical observationsof potentized medicines and also observations of the actionsof potentized medicines on healthy subjects (provings). Thisstudy was undertaken to determine the degree to whichobservations within the materia medica could be correlatedwith the physiological mechanisms for thyroid inhibitingsubstances in their undiluted state.

Method: Four of the most specific symptoms foriodine deficiency were selected to describe the hypothyroidstate. Symptom representation for the four selected symp-toms within the homeopathic materia medica was comparedfor two halogen inhibitors, for three substances which influ-ence thyroid hormone target tissues, for six substancesknown or suspected to increase thyroid stimulating hormoneor decrease thyroid hormone levels, and for eleven substancesnot known to inhibit thyroid activity. To avoid knowledgebias, only those compilations of materia medica whosepublication dates preceded the discoveries of crucial aspectsof thyroid physiology were used as source materials forinvestigation.

Result: Homeopathic medicines derived from 11 sub-stances with mechanisms for inhibition of thyroid activitywere more likely to exhibit selected symptoms than themedicines derived from the 11 substances without knownphysiological mechanisms for thyroid inhibition. The differ-ence between groups was analyzed via the Mann-Whitneynon-parametric U test and was statistically significant top < 0.01. After observations obtained from provings alonewere removed from analysis, the difference between groupsof clinical symptoms remained significant to p < 0.01. Onlythe two halogen inhibitors of iodine (bromine and fluoricacid) and one influencer of thyroid hormone target tissue(calcium carbonate) were significantly goitrogenic.

Conclusion:With respect to thyroid inhibition, there isa significant correlation between observations recordedwithin the homeopathic materia medica and the purportedphysiological mechanisms for the corresponding undilutedsubstances.

Keywords: Thyroid, hypothyroidism, homeopathy,materia medica

P007. The Use of Telemedicine in Complementary MedicineConsulting: A Survey of Homeopaths and Naturopaths inOntario, CanadaDavid Brulé1, Nadine Ijaz1, Elise Paradis1, Heather Boon11Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada

Background and Aims: Telemedicine, defined as theuse of online and telephone-based technologies in healthservice delivery, holds great potential for the delivery of carein both conventional biomedicine and in traditional, comple-mentary and alternative medicine. These technologies havepromise for reaching underserved populations, providingaccess to non-local specialists, and being convenient for



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patients. This research aims to investigate the extent of,rationale for, as well as strengths and challenges associatedwith, telemedicine-based consulting by homeopaths andnaturopathic doctors in active clinical practice.

Methods: Using a census-based approach, state-regu-lated homeopaths (n ¼ 502) and naturopathic doctors(n ¼ 1502) in Ontario, Canada were surveyed using theonline Qualtrics survey tool. Survey questions captured de-mographic and socio-economic data of respondents aswell asopinions regarding respondents’ motivations behind tele-medicine use.

Results: The survey is ongoingwith a current responserate for the homeopathy email respondents of over 30%, andover 60% of homeopaths reporting having performed ahomeopathic consultation with a patient using face-to-faceonline video in the past 6 months. Preliminary analysisindicates that for respondents who reported telemedicineuse, the average percentage of their practice devoted to face-to-face online video was approximately 20%. In contrast,approximately 35% of naturopaths who have responded todate reported having performed a consultationwith a patientusing online video in the past 6 months, with approximately10% of their practice devoted to online video consultations.

Conclusions: Face-to-face online video appears to beused byamajority of homeopaths in Ontario, Canada. Ontariohomeopaths are nearly twice as likely to engage in onlinevideo consultations as naturopaths. Future analysis of thedata will explore the motivations behind telemedicine useamongst homeopaths and naturopaths in Ontario as well asany demographic or socio-economic factors influencing tele-medicine usage.

Keywords: Homeopathy, naturopathy, telemedicine,survey

P008. Physical-Chemical Analysis of Different HomeopathicMedicines Using Solvatochromic Dyes as Indicators ofSolvent Dipole Moment ChangesAna Carla Caparica Aparicio1, Jefferson de Souza Silva1, LarissaHelen Silva de Oliveira2, Sandra Augusta Gordinho Pinto1,Hannah Maureen G. Mota1, Ivana B. Suffredini1, Steven J.Cartwright3, Leoni V. Bonamin11Postgraduate Program in Environmental and ExperimentalPathology of Paulista University UNIP, Brazil2Paulista University, UNIP, Brazil3DiagnOx Laboratory, Cherwell Innovation Centre, United Kingdom

Introduction: Homeopathy is a recognized sciencethroughout the world, but the lack of knowledge about itsmechanism of action still renders it controversial. Currently,several theories are proposed, one of which is that specificelectromagnetic fields of the solvents can convey informationto biological systems, from the diluted rawmaterial. Recently,the use of solvatochromic dyes has been proposed to identifychanges in the solvent dipole moment, along successivedilutions, by solute interference. The present research pro-poses the evaluation of the dielectric activity of homeopathicdrugs bymeans of the absorbance curve obtained by differentsolvatochromic dyes, using different potencies.

Methods: Samples of Antimonium crudum, Phospho-rus, Zincummetallicum and Silicea terra, in potencies rangingfrom 6 to 200 cH (as well as the controls: pure water,dynamized pure water and vehicle [30% ethanol solution]),were analyzed by the solvatochromic dyemethod to establishan absorbance curve. The dyes used were: ET33, BDN andViolet Methylene. The analysis was performed in a FEMTO™spectrophotometer (Brazil), with high sensitivity for opticaldensity variations and with a wavelength scan of at least 1nm. All samples were analyzed in triplicate and the results

were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test,with p � 0.05.

Results: Preliminary data from tested samples ofAntimonium crudum 120 cH and Phosphorus 30 cH showedan increase in the peakof absorbance ofMethyleneViolet, butnot the other dyes. On the other hand, only Antimoniumcrudum 30 cH showed an increase in the absorbance of theET33 dye. The analyses of other samples, potencies and dyesare still in progress.

Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate that varia-tion of different solvatochromic dyes might be useful in thecharacterization of different potencies of homeopathic med-icines, according to changes in the peak of absorbance ob-tained in the visible light spectrum.

Keywords: Ultradilutions, homeopathy, spectropho-tometry, electrical resonance

P009. Physico-Chemical Characterization of High Dilutionsof Symphytum officinale and Therapeutic Effect in Hepaticand Osteosarcoma CellsNeha Chandrakar1, Jayesh Bellare1, Akkihebbal Suresh11Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyBombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Background and Aim: Symphytum officinale (SO) rootand leaf extracts are used as a remedy for bone fracturehealing, anti-inflammation, and also prescribed clinically inhigh dilution as a homeopathicmedicine. These extracts havelycopsamine, rosmarinic acid, symphytine and coumaric acidas major pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The objective of this studywas to characterize SO mother tincture (SOMT), 6c, 30c and200c, and to study biological responses with hepatic epithe-lial WRL-68 and osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells.

Methods: Physico-chemical characterization of SOwere studied with high resolution liquid chromatogrammass spectrometer (HRLCMS), nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrosco-py, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM). In-vitro drug efficacywas studied inWRL-68 and Saos-2 cells using a confocal microscope, MTT cellviability assay and flow cytometer techniques with commer-cially available SOMT, 6c, 30c and 200c.

Results: Lycopsamine mass peak of 300.47 Da, sym-phytine 381.075 Da, symviridine 382.45 Da and other pyrro-lizidine fragmentswere detectedusingHRLCMS for SOMT, 6c,and 30c. Chemical shifts of 58.49ppm and 18.47ppm in 13CNMR confirm the presence of carbonyl, alkyl, amines, alkanesand alcohol functional groups. Silicates and micro-elements(K, Na, Mg, P, S) were detected in SO samples using highresolution TEM. Hepatotoxicity and anti-proliferative effectsof SOMTwere observed in WRL-68 and Saos-2 cells, whereascell proliferation and hormesis were confirmed byMTT assaywhen treatedwith 6c to 200c for 48hrs.Morphologyof Saos-2and WRL-68 cells showed cytoskeletal disorientation withintact plasma membrane and nucleus with SOMT, 6c, 30cafter 24hrs in confocal micrographs.

Conclusions: SO retained lycopsamine, symviridineand other pyrrolizidine alkaloids in high dilution up to 30cpotency. This corresponds to silica encapsulation of startingmaterial as shown in TEMmicrographs. Significant prolifera-tion of Saos-2 cells treated with SOMT to 200c confirms SOefficacy for bone healing.

Keywords: Symphytum officinale, HRLCMS, high dilu-tion, lycopsamine, TEM



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P010. Homeopathic Immunotherapy against CancerEneida Da Lozzo1, Edvaldo da Silva Trindade2, Carolina DeOliveira2, Dorly de Buchi21Homeoterapica, Brazil2Federal University of Paraná, Brazil

Introduction: Our research team at Federal Universityhas studied, in vitro and in vivo, cancer cells treated withhomeopathy in the last 20 years. After using different prod-ucts and analysing the different results carefully, we arrivedat two complexes produced with homeopathic techniques,coded as M1 and M8. The results obtained using these twoproducts were surprising and some were published in scien-tific journals with good impact.

Methods and Results: The most appropriate and di-versemethodologywas used, with several controls: Confocal,Histochemistry, Electron Microscopy, Flow Cytometry, SlideScanner, Matrigel matrix invasion, ImageJ software, etc. Ourstudies, in vitro and in vivo, have demonstrated that themedicines M1 and M8: prevented lung and subcutaneousmelanoma growth; decreased angiogenesis inside tumors(p < 0.01); decreased some extracellular matrix molecules,such as perlecan and hyaluronic acid, decreasing metastasis(in Transwell plates, p < 0.01); activated macrophages, thatcan activate other cells in the immune system as well asendothelial cells and fibroblasts; modulated cytokines suchas TNFα, IFNγ and IL10; increased not only the differentiationof NK cells (in flow cytometer, p < 0.001) but also thecytotoxicity of NK cells (p < 0.05); modulated reactive oxy-gen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production.

Conclusions: M1 and M8 are homeopathic complexmedicines with immunomodulatory properties, without tox-icity or mutagenic effects. This homeopathic immunotherapycan gently restore the immune system to recognize tumorcells; thus, they can be used to help in all cancer immune-phenotypeswithout acting on a specificmolecular target andwithout toxicity, since the self-healing is stimulated throughthe immune system. However, the absence of clinical trialshas limited their extensive use in cancer immunotherapy,despite the promising results in vitro as well as in vivo.Moreover, because in homeopathywe do not have amoleculeto track, there is an impediment to further progress withthese medicines without greater understanding of theirphysiological mechanism of action.

Keywords: Cancer, immunotherapy, homeopathiccomplexes, immune system

P011. Homeopathic Treatment of Psoriasis: A Case SeriesFrancisco Eizayaga1, Carolina Aguilar1, Adriana Ceballos11Department of Homeopathy, Universidad Maimonides, BuenosAires, Argentina

Background and Aims: Psoriasis is a chronic diseasefrequently treated in homeopathic practice. However, there isonly one prospective uncontrolled multi-centric study pub-lished, with 2 years of follow-up. The aim of this paper is toevaluate retrospectively the treatment results of patientswith psoriasis in the Department of Homeopathy of Univer-sidad Maimonides.

Methods: The totality of cases of psoriasis who at-tended the Homeopathic clinic was searched. Forms werecreated and examined with EpiInfo software. Evaluated out-comes: type of psoriasis, severity, presence of arthritic psori-asis, prescription criteria, homeopathic remedy used, skinoutcome, presence of aggravation, outcome of psoriatic ar-thritis, safety of the treatment. Follow-upwas evaluated for 1year. Patients without at least 1 follow-upvisit were excludedfrom analysis.

Results: A total of 94 patients presented a clinicalrecord of psoriasis: 49 returned once for follow-up and 18hadfollow-upvisits up to and including one year. Plaque psoriasiswas 86% and guttate psoriasis represented 14%. Psoriaticarthritis was present in 15% of the cases. The predominantcriteria for prescription was the totality of symptoms and themost frequently prescribed potency the 6 cH. A small or largeimprovement in psoriasis was observed in 57% of the patientsat the second consultation and in 64.7% of the patients after 1year of treatment. The most frequently used remedies wereSulphur, Lycopodium, Pulsatilla and Arsenicum album, but thevariation was high. Four of 6 patients with arthritis reportedto be better at the second consultation, but only 2 of 6 afterone year of treatment. No serious adverse events wereobserved.

Conclusions: Homeopathic treatment of psoriasis, in-cluding psoriatic arthritis, appears to be safe and to havesome positive outcome. Prospective controlled trials shouldaim to verify these results.

Keywords: Homeopathy, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis

P012. Efficacy of Homeopathic Herd Health Management inAntibiotic Resistant Dairy Cattle in Northern SpainMaría Fernandez Portales11International Association for Veterinary Homeopathy and VeterinaryCollege of Asturias, Spain

Background: Milk yield in dairy farms worldwide hasimproved due to advances in genetics, feeding and cattlehandling. Maximum yields lead to stress and immunosup-pression of the animal, having to rely heavily on antibiotics topreserve health. Consequently, there is an ever-increasinglevel of antibiotic resistance and chronic disease in dairyfarms.

Objectives: To demonstrate the effectiveness of home-opathy-based treatments in dairy farms with above averagedisease incidence and antibiotic resistance.

Study Design: Longitudinal, observational, andprospective.

Methods: The study was conducted in three Holsteinfarms (average: 25 animals/farm) in semi-extensive systems,fed concentrated feed, silage and pasture. The measuredvariable was SCC (somatic cell count per millilitre), takenfrom the milk tank every 48 hr. and analysed with SPSSsoftware. The cut-off number for an acceptable sample wasSCC250.

From 2013 to 2015 the animals were treated individ-ually with classical homeopathy, and from 2015 until 2017 apreventative homeopathy herd health program was imple-mented. Choice of treatment program was based on diseaseaetiology in each herd, blood work, and SCC.

Treatment administration was the Plus Method (3pills/125 ml of mineral water) of 6, 30 or 200 cH potency.Administration route was P.O. or in concentrated feed.

Results: Prior to homeopathy treatment (2007–2013),only 22%, 25% and 27% of the samples from each farm had anSCC below 250. Once homeopathy treatment was started(2013-2017), these farms reached 66%, 56% and 46% (respec-tively) of days with SCC below 250.

Main Limitations: Lack of proper assessment by thefarmer and sub-optimal nutrition.

Conclusions: When comparing treatments in dairyfarms, homeopathy is more effective at keeping SCC belowthe 250 threshold.

Keywords: Dairy, homeopathy, SCC, antibioticresistance



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P013. Physicochemical Characterization of Dynamized SolidDrugsClarissa Fontes1, Carla Holandino1, Adriana Passos1, FortuneHomsani1, Juliana Paiva1, André Rossi2, Paulo Enrique Picciani31Research and Development Laboratory of Integrative andComplementary Practices, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil2Brazilian Center for Physical Research, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil3Institute of Macromolecules Professor Eloisa Mano, FederalUniversity of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Homeopathic medicine is defined as the pharmaceu-tical form obtained by the method of dilutions followed bysuccessive succussions or crushing. Clinical homeopathicresults have proven the efficacy of these drugs by differentexperimental models. However, with regard to the dynamicsof solid systems, scientific knowledge is still veryundeveloped.

In this context, in 2013, a Multicentric Project (Brazil-Italy) was startedwith the objective of expanding the studiesof this system using dynamized solid systems prepared withmetallic zinc in lactose (ZnMet). In this way, the present workevaluated the physical-chemical and structural changes re-sulting from the trituration process. The X-ray diffractionresults indicated no changes in the crystalline structure of thelactose after the grinding process and also the presence of thezinc signal in the first potency (ZnMet 1dH).

Evaluation of differential exploratory calorimetrydata shows that both the presence of zinc and the dynamiza-tion process alter the enthalpy values of the solid system aswell as the dehydration temperature. In the Raman spectros-copy analysis, the amplitude and area of ZnMet (3 dH and6 dH) samples were observed, especially in the region withthe highest truss vibration (from 200 cm�1 to 500 cm�1).

In the infrared spectroscopy analyses, a decrease insignal intensity due to the dynamization process and thepresence of zinc was observed, suggesting the formation of acomplex between the metal and lactose. The scanning elec-tron microscopy evaluation showed small particles withrough appearance on the lactose surface, indicating theadsorption of zinc to lactose.

This set of results suggests that the presence of zincand the grinding process alter the enthalpy, polarization andvibration of chemical bonds of the dynamized solid system,and thesemethodologies are sensitive enough to characterizethese homeopathic systems.

Keywords: Physical-chemistry, Homeopathy, Zinc, lac-tose, dynamization

P014. Feasibility of Homeopathic Treatment for SymptomReduction in an Integrative Oncology ServiceYakov Freed11International Institute for Homeopathic Research, HodHasharon,Israel

Background: Homeopathy has the potential to reducesymptoms related to cancer treatment. The present studyexamined the feasibility of a homeopathic consultation andtreatment program, provided as part of an integrative oncol-ogy service.

Methods: The electronic medical files of patientsundergoing a homeopathic consultation in an integrativeoncology service clinic were examined retrospectively. Ad-herence to the homeopathic treatment regimen and per-ceived response to the treatment were evaluated.

Results: The files of 124 patients (34 males, 90 fe-males) were examined, of which two-thirds reported acquir-ing and self-administering the homeopathic remedy asprescribed, and nearly three-quarters reporting a beneficial

effect. Adherence to thehomeopathic treatment regimenwasgreatest among patients attending a second visit, as opposedto having only telephone/e-mail follow-up (p < 0.005). Anassociation was found between a perceived beneficial effectof treatment with attending a follow-up visit (p ¼ 0.04),female gender (p ¼ 0.02), younger age (p ¼ 0.048), diagnosisof breast cancer (p ¼ 0.014), and current radiation treatment(vs. chemotherapy; p ¼ 0.003). Patients reporting chemo-therapy-induced peripheral neuropathy were also more like-ly to report a beneficial effect (p ¼ 0.004), as were femalepatients reporting hot flashes (p ¼ 0.005) and those referredby an oncologist (p ¼ 0.046). No adverse effects were attrib-uted to the homeopathic treatment.

Conclusions: Homeopathy can be successfully incor-porated within a supportive care integrative oncology ser-vice. In addition to demographic and cancer-relatedcharacteristics, as well as symptoms, patients attending asecond visit (vs. only telephone/e-mail follow-up) weremorelikely to adhere to and perceive a beneficial effect from thehomeopathic regimen.

Keywords: Homeopathy, oncology service, symptomreduction

P015. Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in Womenwith Recurrent Cystitis: A Retrospective Case SeriesKatharina Gaertner11University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and IntegrativeMedicine, Switzerland

Background: Approximately 13% of women developrecurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) in their lifetime.Most clinicians are faced with repeated and long-term ad-ministration of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Thisleads, however, to increased presence of drug-resistant bac-teria and the disruption of normal levels of intestinal andvaginal flora and might lead to persistent infections and/ordamage of the urinary tract. A new strategy is thereforewarranted.

Methods:Design: Case series of all patients treated with indi-

vidualised homeopathy (iHOM) for rUTI at the Institute ofComplementary Medicine, IKOM, at the University of Bern,Switzerland.

Subjects: Four females, aged 30–79.Observation time: November 2013 to August 2018.Analysis: Frequency of UTI and of antibiotic (AB)

treatment were documented in the patients’ files. Addition-ally, treatment outcomes were assessed retrospectively in avalidated questionnaire on Impact on Daily Living (ORIDL).

Results: The frequency of UTI and the need for ABreduced from at least monthly to less than 3 times a year.Three of the four women had no cystitis and related intake ofAB for more than 2 years. In two of these patients, a relapse ofsymptoms could be treated efficientlywith a repetition of thesame homeopathic remedy. The subjective outcome assess-ments of all patients was reported positive. Three patientsappraised major improvement for the main complaint.

Discussion: The treatment options for rUTI are limitedand not always successful. Within this case series a newapproach, iHOM, results in a positive outcome, both objec-tively (by reducing the frequency of UTI and the amount of ABcourses) and subjectively as per patients’ assessments.

Conclusion: Theevolutionof thedisease in theanalysedpatients suggests that iHOM might be a reasonable approachfor the treatment of rUTI. It should be further investigatedwithprospective open-label and controlled studies.

Keywords: Urinary tract infections, antibioticresistance



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P016. Analysing the Conflict between Biomedicine andHomeopathyJoanne Greenland11The Aurum Project, Brookvale NSW, Australia

The broad objective of this research project is tounderstand conflict and conflict management and to applythat knowledge to the conflict between biomedicine andhomeopathy. My presentation examines a variety of theoret-ical frameworks around conflict. Initially examining conflictas a topic and its historical role in war and politics alongsidenew strategies used currently, I bring to light an understand-ing of conflict in general. Using the perspective of Gandhi’snon-violent resistance, Clausewitz’s strategy onwar, Machia-velli’s political strategic considerations and Sun Tzu’s Art ofWar, I disclose how conflict has been managed historically,what strategies have been used to succeed andwhatmistakeshave resulted in defeat. I have chosen to study military andpolitical conflict strategies because biomedicine currentlyhas the power to marginalise other therapeutic approaches,such as homeopathy, using strategies usually reserved for warand politics.

Through the available body of information from theNHMRC report, I will disclosehoworthodoxmedicine is usingits dominant position to write reports and make claims as amechanism of exclusion, a strategic plan to marginalisehomeopathy. I will look at the strategies used by orthodoxmedicine to gain dominance and the deficiency of homeo-pathy’s approach culminating in its lost position.

Homeopathy fundamentally challenges the implicitassumption of biomedicine (that disease is to be fought) withits intrinsic principle of symptom similarity. Ironically, vac-cination sits as a centerpiece expression of this principle.Frommyown experience as a homeopath I suggest the LawofSimilars as a mechanism for conflict resolution.

Conclusions drawn from this investigation may pro-vide novel approaches to conflict resolution and a theoreticalframework where rapprochement between biomedicine andhomeopathy may be possible.

Keywords: Conflict, strategy, biomedicine, homeopa-thy, rapprochement

P017. Understanding the Extent and Diversity ofHomeopathic Practice in AustraliaJoanne Greenland1, Celeste Salter1, Gabrielle Brodie1, DavidLevy1, Shilpa Bhouraskar1, Ann Manning1, Lorena Mattiolo1,Linlee Jordan11The Aurum Project, Brookvale NSW, Australia

Thebroad objective of this project is to understand theextent and diversity of professional homeopathic practice inAustralia. A snapshot of clinical practice taken over an eight-week period is reported. The demographics of patients, con-ditions treated, and remedy prescriptions are studied. Thispilot study is approved through the Ethics Committee process.Informed consent is obtained by both the homeopath and thepatients in their practices. The data tool used to collect patientdata, HomeoStats, is an online interface allowing homeopathsto enter limited information about their patients for the study.Data added included patients’: age, gender, ethnicity, place ofbirthand current residence,presenting condition(s) asdefinedby the International Classification of Primary Care-II, andremedy and potency prescribed. All the patient data is de-identified at the point of collection. The population of homeo-paths in Australia is an unknown number. The industry isunregulated. However, the Australian Register of Homoeo-paths (ARoH) is a self-regulating body defining minimumstandard of practice for homeopaths in Australia. Registration

withARoH is used as an essential requirement forhomeopathsto participate in this study. The total population of ARoHmembers is 513 at the start of the survey. The project’ssecondary aims include practitioner education and researchupskilling through the use of Practitioner Based ResearchNetworks. The primary aim of these networks is to engagepractitioners to increase their skills in research and transferlearning into clinical practice, contributing to an increase incapacity for homeopathy in Australia.

Keywords: Clinical practice, homeopathy survey, de-mographics, Australia, health conditions

P018. Improving Decision-Making in Homeopathic ClinicalPracticeRobbert van Haselen1, Lefteris Tapakis2, Theodoros Lilas31International Institute for Integrated Medicine, United Kingdom2Vithoulkas Compass Team, Greece3University of the Aegean, Greece

Background: Decision-making in homeopathic prac-tice is a highly complex process. Although guidelines for asuccessful prescription have been set, homeopathic practi-tioners consciously and unconsciously make use of heuristics('rules of thumb' /mental shortcuts) in order to reduce thiscomplexity and reach a remedy decision. Whilst biasesaffecting the reliability of repertory rubrics are now betterunderstood, biases associated with the actual decision-mak-ing process are still under-researched.

Objectives:

• To identify and explain the main biases affecting decisionmaking in homeopathic practice.

• To illustrate the role that decision support systems canplay in reducing these biases.

Methods: The literature on heuristics and biases thatcan affect decision-making was searched. Those deemedrelevant for decision-making in homeopathic practice wereidentified. The role that a clinical decision support system(Vithoulkas Compass) can play in minimizing the identifiedbiases was assessed.

Outcomes: The role and implications of the availabilityheuristic, the representativeness heuristic, the anchoringheuristic as well as confirmation bias will be explained.Repertory software and decision support systems are impor-tant tools for improving the quality of homeopathic decision-making. The most important proposed and illustrated inno-vations are:

1. Prompts about potential biases during the symptom selec-tion process.

2. Visualization of the prevalence (base rate) of the selectedsymptoms in the general patient population during thedecision process.

3. Prompts during the differential diagnosis not to exclude aparticular remedy in the absence of particular keynotesymptoms.

4. Delaying the shortlisting of potentially indicated reme-dies, and to base the shortlist on multiple analyticalstrategies.

Conclusions: The Vithoulkas Compass online homeo-pathic platform aims to integrate the latest knowledge onreducing biases in clinical decision-making. Optimal deci-sion-making involves blending the useful aspects of heuris-tics with a slow thinking process that balances the tendencyto ‘jump to the wrong conclusions’ as and when needed.

Keywords: Decision-making, heuristic, bias, Vithoul-kas Compass



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P019. Wound Healing Following Tooth Extraction andArnica montana C30Birgit Keip1, Peter Christian Endler1, Wilhelm Mosgoeller1,Peter Kiefer1, Heinz Spranger11Interuniversity College for Health and Development, Graz/Castle ofSeggau, Austria

Background: Pursuing suggestions from empiricalmedicine, a pilot study in 2015 investigated and describedeffects of Arnica montana C30 on wound healing. 23 subjectsreceived the verum, 23 received placebo. One day after toothextraction, 15 verum and 10 placebo-treated subjects werepain-free, 13 and 5 respectively showed smooth (versusjagged) wound edges and 20 and 22 presented pink (versuslivid) wound edges. After one week, all 23 subjects in theverumgroup and 21 in the control groupwere pain-free, nonehad post-operative bleeding, 20 and 17 showed smooth and19 and 6 showed pink wound edges. Although statisticallynon-significant, this outcome indicated some beneficiaryeffect on wound healing of Arnica C30.

Objective: To replicate the pilot study on Arnica C30and the course of healing after tooth extraction.

Methods: The study designwas unicentric, controlled,randomised, double-blind. All 117 recruited subjects com-pleted their participation: 58 received Arnica C30, 59 re-ceived non-medicinal globuli. We recorded pain, bleeding,and wound status postoperatively on day 2 and day 7.

Results: On day 2, 42 verum and 40 placebo-treatedsubjects were pain-free, 50 and 42 respectively had no post-operative bleeding, 28 and 24 showed smooth and 8 and 4presented pink wound edges. After one week, all subjectswere pain-free and had no post-operative bleeding, 40 and 43showed smooth and 26 and 22 pink wound edges. None ofthese trends was significant (p>0.05). On pooling the resultsof this and the pilot study, the only statistically significanttrend was on pink wound edges (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: The trends found in the present study arelargely in agreement with those of the pilot study. Furtherresearch on the effects of Arnica montana C30 thus appearsworthwhile.

Keywords: Tooth extraction, wound healing, Arnicamontana, high potency

P020. Emotional and Mental Causes as Catalysts in theDevelopment of CancerHardik Khamar1,21Department of Homeopathy, MBK Bhavnagar University, Gujarat,India2PG Dept of Materia Medica, Dr. V. H. Dave Homeopathic MedicalCollege, Anand, Gujarat, India

Substances that cause cancer have been identifiedboth by studies in experimental animals and by epidemio-logical analysis of cancer frequencies in human populations(e.g. the high incidence of lung cancer among cigarettesmokers). Since the development of malignancy is a complexmulti-step process, many factors may affect the likelihoodthat cancer will develop, and it is overly simplistic to speak ofsingle causes of most cancers. Nonetheless, many agents,including radiation, chemicals and viruses, have been foundto induce cancer in both experimental animals and humans.

However, all the persons exposed to potential carci-nogens do not necessarily develop cancer. Often it has beenobserved that some mental or emotional traumas act astrigger factor or act as catalysts in development of cancer.The present research focuses on studying cancer cases byevaluating the time frame of the mental or emotional trau-mas that patients may have suffered and the time duration in

which cancerdeveloped. 100 patients havebeen studied fromthe time of an emotionally ormentally traumatic episode andany development of cancer within 0–6 months, 0–12monthsor 0–24 months.

Appropriate non-parametric tests arebeing applied toanalyse the data.

The context of the research is to widen the possibilityof homeopathic treatment in cancer. Various homeopathicmedicines are known to treat effects ofmental trauma and itsailments. It can be a valuable tool for homeopaths to utilizethe data and further enhance themanagement of cancer withhomeopathy.

Keywords: Cancer, emotional causes, homeopathicmanagement

P021. Homeopathic Preparations in the LowPotency RangeStudied by Means of Pattern Formation in EvaporatingDroplets: Screening Experiments, Sample-Differentiationand RepeatabilityMaria Olga Kokornaczyk1, Sandra Würtenberger2, StephanBaumgartner1,31Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland2Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, Hevert-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG,Nussbaum, Germany3Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke,Herdecke, Germany

Background and Aims: Here we propose, for the firsttime, the droplet evaporation method (DEM) as a tool todistinguish low potencies prepared fromdifferent substanceson a qualitative and quantitative basis. Low potencies (�6x)contain measurable quantities of the starting substance andso give the possibility to study the changes this very sub-stance undergoes in the course of successive potentizationsteps.

Materials and Methods: The experimentation con-sisted of: (i) screening of 1x–6x potencies deriving from 19different substances of mineral, vegetal, and animal origin;(ii) experiments aiming at the differentiation of homeopathicpreparations at the same potency level prepared from 4 pre-chosen substances (Echinacea, Baptisia, Luffa, and Spongia) inthe potency range 2x–6x; and (iii) control experiments. TheDEM experimental protocol consisted of the evaporation ofdroplets of the analyzedpotency per se, placedonmicroscopeslides and under controlled conditions. The resulting patternswere photographed. Images from main and control experi-ments (ii and iii; in total 2331 images) were evaluated bymeasuring their grey level distribution and texture.

Results: Potencies of mineral origin showed the great-est form variety, whereas potencies of vegetal origin in thepotency range 2x–4x created fractal patterns, probably in thecourse of diffusion-limited aggregation. The differentiation ofhomeopathic preparations at the same potency level pre-pared from 4 pre-chosen substances (Echinacea, Baptisia,Luffa, and Spongia) was possible in the potency range 2x–4x, whereas patterns from higher potencies could no longerbe differentiated and resembled the pattern of pure solute.The control experiments showed reasonable experimentalmodel stability.

Conclusions:DEM seems to represent a promising toolfor further studies on homeopathic preparations in the lowpotency range: for instance, comparison of potencies versusdilutions, or qualitative studies on complex homeopathicpreparations regarding the influences of single compoundson the DEM patterns.

Keywords: Evaporation patterns, homeopathy, lowpotencies



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P022. Homeopathy in the NHS (National Health Service):Diluted but ActiveChristel Lombaerts1, Lois H. Thomas1, Jean E. Duckworth1,Susan Williamson11University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom

Background: Despite being used satisfactorily by mil-lions of people worldwide for a range of conditions, and thehomeopathy community’s efforts to integrate homeopathyinto NHS services, homeopathy provision has been declining.

Aim: A pragmatic investigation of the integration ofhomeopathy in the UK NHS.

Method: A nationwide postal survey among 144members of the Faculty of Homeopathymapped demograph-ic data and integration of homeopathy services in the NHS,building on a Canadian integration model proposed by Boonin 2004. To enable a comprehensive understanding, 10 semi-structured interviews explored homeopaths' strategies tointegrate homeopathy successfully into NHS services.

Results: A sample of 72 respondents revealed that 27were actively offering homeopathy treatment in their NHSservice. According to the continuum proposed by Boon, UKservices integrating homeopathy treatment are characterisedas collaborative and multidisciplinary. Seven profiles of ho-meopathic providers in theNHS couldbe distinguished. In theinterviews, several suggestions were put forward to restorethe badly damaged image of homeopathy. The intervieweesdisagreed about whether integrationwas the preferred strat-egy to reach this goal, or even whether integration wasdesirable at all, but the accreditation of homeopathy withinthe healthcare system was deemed vital for the survival ofhomeopathy, even for the success of private practices. A lackof resources and the dwindling numbers of newly trainedhomeopathy practitioners were mentioned as a matter ofconcern. A major frustration was the negation of existingevidence for homeopathy, leaving homeopaths questioningwhat kind of evidence – from fundamental research or fromoutcome studies – would be the best way forward.

Conclusion: Despite positive results regarding theintegration of homeopathic services in the NHS, the informa-tion disclosed in the interviews revealed a concern about thesurvival of homeopathy.

Keywords: Health service, homeopathy, integration

P023. Symptom Severity and Functional Status in Patientswith Joint Pain, Back Pain, Headache, and Cough: A 10-yearRetrospective Analysis of The Swaziland HomeopathyProjectElizabeth Macera1, Barbara Braun2, Kathryn Braun21University of Eswatini, Swaziland2Swaziland Homeopathy Project, Swaziland

Background and Aims: Over the past 10 years, theSwaziland Homeopathy Project has treated 9,866 patients inEswatini and Mozambique in Southern Africa. The patientsranged in age from under 10 to over 79 years and 79% werefemale. Most lived in rural areas. The Project practicesclassical homeopathy.

Research Questions: What are the most common pre-senting symptoms?What are the characteristics of thepatientsreporting these symptoms? Do these patients report improve-ment in their symptom intensity and functional scores?

Method: We conducted a retrospective analysis usingde-identified chart data.We collapsed similar symptoms intocategories and ascertained the most frequent presentingcomplaints. Patients reported symptom severity on a visualanalogue scale and overall function on a modified Karnofsky

Performance Scale Index at eachvisit.We extracted the scoresas reported on initial and follow-up visits.

Results: The most common symptoms treated werejoint pain, back pain, headache, and cough. These four symp-tomswere reported at 33,649 visits, 50% ofwhich have at leastone follow-up. Of the patients seen for each of these com-plaints, 11–19%weremale and81–89%were female. Symptomseverity improved in49–63%of patients,with the complaint ofheadache showing the greatest improvement. Approximately10% of patients reported a worsening of symptom severity.Regarding the functional scale, 41–49% of patients reportedimprovement, while 11% reported deterioration in their over-all function regardless the symptom. Those who were treatedfor cough reported the greatest functional improvement.

Future Direction: In this retrospective chart analysis,patients reported improvement in their symptoms. Patientscomplaining of headache and cough possibly incurred thegreatest benefit, so these symptoms will be the focus of thenext phase. The future prospective study will investigatestatistical significance and attempt to differentiate improve-ment beyond that expected from placebo.

Keywords: Symptoms, retrospective,pain, cough,Africa

P024. Usage Protocol Study of Calendula officinaliscompared to Chlorhexidine in Oral Hygiene of PatientsAdmitted in the Intensive Care UnitLeila Cristina Mourão1,2, Sarah Noslien1, Fortune Homsani1,Gleyce Moreno Barbosa3, Francisco de Freitas4, Paulo Neufeld5,Roseli V. Riveiro5, Adriana Passos Oliveira6, AntonioCanabarro2,7, Carla Holandino11Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil2Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Brazil3Laboratório de Homeopatia Profª Marta Cortez Duarte, FarmáciaUniversitária, UFRJ, Brazil4Hospital Grafèe Guinlle, Brazil5Laboratório deMicologiaMédica, Departamento de Análises Clínicase Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Brazil6LaboratórioMultidisciplinar de Ciências Farmacêuticas e de Pesquisae Desenvolvimento de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares,Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos da Faculdade deFarmácia, UFRJ, Brazil7Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Background: Pneumonia is defined as the presence ofpulmonary infiltrate of infectious origin, with the onset offever, purulent sputum, leukocytosis and oxygenation reduc-tion. Ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the one thatoccurs after 48 h of endotracheal intubation and affects 9–27% of patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In order toprevent patients from developing VAP, intervention protocolswere drafted. One of those was oral hygiene using chlorhexi-dine (CLX) as mouthwash at the concentration of 0.2% or 2%,the latter being more effective. Depending on the length ofuse and the concentration increase, the bacteria will developresistance to CLX, while some studies show the use ofCalendula officinalis (Cal off) as beneficial.

Aims: The present study aims to develop pharmaceu-tic gel formulations, using Cal off in 1 DH potency and CLX in2% concentration, for further evaluation of their physico-chemical, microbiological and biological response character-istics in ICU patients.

Methods: The two formulations were prepared ac-cording to the Brazilian Pharmacopeia (FB) 5th ed. and theBrazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia (FHB) 3rd ed. Stabilitystudieswere performed during their storage in a greenhouse,at room temperature or in a refrigerator, and according toappropriate standards.



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Results and Conclusions: Preliminary results show themother tincture of Calendula presents all the quality para-meters required for use in homeopathic medicine. The for-mulations developed showed a pH drop in all gels as well as aviscosity decrease for gels stored in thegreenhouse for30days.Thegels storedat roomtemperaturedidnothavealterations intheir organoleptic characteristics. The gels were applied in 8ICU patients and it was observed that the treatment withCalendula gel was more effective, as it inhibited microbialgrowth in 50% of the patients, after 3 sample collections. Thestudy is underway with an expected duration of 6 months.

Keywords: Intensive care unit, ventilator-associatedpneumonia, chlorhexidine, Calendula officinalis, homeopathy

P025. In-vitro Anti-fungal Activity of Aloysia polystachyaEssential Oil in High Dilution on Aspergillus flavus Isolatedfrom the Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa)Talita Nader1,2, Alexandre Leonel1, Camila Henrique1, BiancaBertoni3, Ana Pereira31Homeopatia Brasil, Brazil2Homeopathy Commission of Sao Paulo, Brazil3University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Brazil

Background: Bertholletia excelsa, Brazil nut, has sig-nificant participation in the food and cosmetic industry.However, contamination by Aspergillus flavus, an aflatoxin-producing fungus that causes post-harvest rot, is a seriousimpediment to its commercialization. Substances of plantorigin are an important therapeutic resource and the dynam-ization of essential oils is a safe and efficient pharmaco-technical technique. Aloysia polystachya is a plant native toSouth Americawhose essential oil has a considerable biocidaleffect.

Aim: To determine the ability of the original anddynamized essential oil of A. polystachya to inhibit the in-vitro multiplication of the fungus A. flavus isolated fromBrazil nuts.

Methods: The essential oil of A. polystachya, obtainedby hydro-distillation, was diluted with Tween 80 (1%) andthen dynamized. The activity of the original and dynamizedessential oils ofA. polystachyawas evaluated by theMinimumInhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum FungicidalConcentration (MFC) methods. The vehicle control was per-formed and resazurin was used for the reading. The analyseswere performed in triplicate and the results were submittedto ANOVA, the means of the treatments being compared bythe Scott-Knott test (p < 0.05).

Results: The original essential oil of A. polystachyapresented an MIC of 1.56 μg.mL�1, differing statistically fromthe MIC of the dynamized form, which was 0.01 μg.mL�1. Inthe MFC evaluation, both treatments presented fungistaticactivity against A. flavus.

Conclusions: The highly diluted essential oil of A.polystachya presented significant fungistatic activity againstA. flavus and, therefore, may be a promising resource in thecontrol of post-harvest contamination in Brazil nuts.

Keywords: Aloysia polystachya, Aspergillus flavus, Ber-tholletia excelsa, dynamization, anti-fungal activity

P026. Use of Homeopathic Complex in the Control of DairyCattle TicksTalita Nader1,2, Alexandre Leonel1, Camila Henrique1,Marcia Mendes3, Fabio Manhoso41Homeopatia Brasil, Brazil2Homeopathy Commission of Sao Paulo, Brazil3Instituto Biológico, Brazil4Unimar, Brazil

Background: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus par-asitism causes large losses in bovine herds, and its control bymeans of synthetic carrapaticides causes resistance prob-lems, as well as the risk of residues in food and environment.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a homeopathiccomplex in the control of the natural infestation of lactatingdairy cows and its in vitro effect on engorged females.

Methods: The tests were carried out in two dairyfarms between May and October 2018. One farm is certifiedorganic, with 70 animals, and the other uses the conventionalproductionmodel, with 16 animals. The homeopathic formu-lationwas composed of Staphysagria 3 DH, Cina 6 CH, Sulphur6 CH and auto-isotherapic of tick 30 CH. The bovine femalesreceived orally 10 grams per day of the homeopathic com-plex, incorporated into sucrose. The outcome parameters, asdesignated by the producers, were degree of infestation (%)and physical appearance of the parasites. For in vitro evalua-tion engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus,collected from naturally infested animals, were submitted tothe immersion test.

Results: According to the producers’ designation, inboth farms there was a mean reduction of infestation by 80%in the treatment period and alteration in the coloration of thelighter parasites, with a more wrinkled appearance. In the invitro test, the homeopathic complex showed an efficacy of13% and 55%, in the organic and conventional farmrespectively.

Conclusion: The homeopathic complex presented ef-fective control in the natural infestation of ticks in dairy cowsof organic and conventional farms.

Keywords: Rhipicephalus microplus, high dilution,organic

P027. The Homeopathic Approach to Treatment ofPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome in a Rural Set-upSujata Naik11Dr Sujata Naik’s Homoeopathy Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is acomplex, chronic lifestyle-linked disorder associated withhyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and polycystic ovarianmorphology.

According to Indian Council of Medical Research, oneout of tenwomen in India suffers from PCOS and the numberis increasing alarmingly, even in rural areas. Changing dietaryhabits (consumption of fatty, processed foods) and sedentarylifestyles result in decreased metabolism, insulin resistanceand obesity – factors contributing tomenstrual irregularities.

Aim: The objective of the study was to assess theefficacy of homeopathy as a treatment option for PCOS.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of 72patients, who were diagnosed cases of PCOS, was carried outat a community hospital in rural Maharashtra.

In amass setting with a large number of patients frompoor socio-economic strata, presenting with common symp-toms of PCOS, there was paucity of characteristic symptoms.Therefore, the keynote method of prescribing was employed.The data regarding each patient’s presenting symptoms wasnoted. The protocol followed in this study was formed basedon totality of common symptoms of PCOS (irregular menses,obesity, secondary hirsutism, lethargy, acne, infertility). Onecharacteristic symptom (keynote) was selected as a differen-tiating rubric to choose the most similar remedy from theones derived.

Each patient’s monthly progress and clinical out-comes, up to one year of starting therapy, were noted.

Results: Out of common symptoms of PCOS, lethargy,loss of general feeling of well-being and irregular menses



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were the first ones to be ameliorated, which indicates thecorrect direction of homeopathic action.

Conclusion: Homeopathy as a treatment modalitymay add substantial value to the paradigm of PCOSmanagement.

Keywords: PCOS, homeopathy, keynote

P028. Homeopathic Management of Tomato Leaf Curl VirusUsing PsorinumAmjith Naisam1,2

1Department of Research, Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic MedicalCollege, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India2The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,India

Background: Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) diseasevectored by whitefly Bemisia tabaci, is the most devastatingdisease of cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), caus-ing 38-100% yield loss, depending on the stage of the crop atthe time of infection. This has stimulated research to find asuitable remedy. Use of the homeopathic nosode Psorinum inagriculture was to validate the potential of agro-homeopathyin viral infection. According to Dr. Samuel Hahnemann,‘Psorinum is not a simple biotherapy, rather it is a homoeo-pathic remedy having been the object of experiment, accord-ing to the methodology of proving’.

Methods: The study was conducted in Sarada KrishnaHomoeopathic Medical College, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumaridistrict, Tamil Nadu, India during the years 2017-18. Thestudy aims at observing variation in Psorinum treated anduntreated groups of tomato plants susceptible to ToLCVinfection. The observations identified for study were growthparameters and yield attributes such as duration of floweringand fruiting events. Fruit weight, yield/plant etc. were alsocalculated. Biochemical characters, such as lycopene andascorbic acid, were inferred by suitable laboratory protocol.All parameters were expressed as mean � SE. Disease inci-dence by ToLCV was observed at regular intervals by theappearance of key symptoms. Real-time PCR methods wereused for the quantification of viral load in Psorinum 30treated sets of tomato plants along with the control.

Results: Significant variation was observed in growthparameters, especially in height of the plant and fruit weight;yield showed 42.6% greater increase than the control group.Biochemical parameters, especially ascorbic acid showed12.4% greater increase when compared with the controlgroup. Analysis of virus DNA by RT-PCR showed 31.6% greaterreduction of viral load when compared to control group.Statistical analysis of treatments revealed significance atp < 0.001.

Keywords: Agro-homeopathy, tomato leaf curl virusdisease, real-time PCR

P029. Implication for Hydrogen Free Radical Formation inthe Presence of Hydrogen NanobubblesIchiro Otsuka11Ex-affiliation Department of Chemistry, Ohu University, Japan

Strong vertical shaking in the traditional homeopath-ic preparation can cause the generation of air nanobubbles inwater. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) images of 4CHand 30CH water may reveal Brownian bubbles with a meandiameter of around 100nm and concentration of 3–4 � 107

particles/mL. Nanobubble research may provide a new ap-proach to understanding of homeopathy as there exists aclose parallelism between homeopathic dilution and nano-bubble water.

Using NTA, we have studied a puzzling phenomenonof size-dependent spontaneous combustion inside H2/O2nanobubbles in the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen nano-bubble water. We measured time-dependent NTA size dis-tributions of H2/O2 nanobubbles after mixing H2 and O2nanobubble water to determine the size of the mixed gasnanobubbles pertaining to the combustion. We found aninitial increase and subsequent decrease in the total volumeof the nanobubbles, showing a significant reduction in thenumber density of the nanobubbles with less than 100 nm.This implies water formation at room temperature throughhydrogen free radical generation that is conjectured from theexperiments of hydrogen nanobubble effects found by elec-tron spin resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy and bysimulations.

Keywords: Hydrogen, nanobubbles, water, hydrogen,free radical generation

P030. Urticaria and Homeopathy: The Unmet Clinical NeedsVinita Pandey11Health Zone Clinic, Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a disturbingallergic condition of the skin, defined as the occurrence ofhives, pruritus and/or angioedema for more than 6 weeks.

Aim: To assess the clinical outcome associated withindividualised homeopathic remedies on CU symptoms inpatients who had remained symptomatic despite concomi-tant antihistamine therapy.

Methods:Weperformed a clinical observational studyof ten patients in the treatment of CU symptoms over a two-year period (2015 and 2016). Informed consent was obtainedfrom each patient. End points were measured from a dailydiary that reflectedweekly hive score (WHS) and weekly itchscore (WIS). QoL was evaluated using a CU quality of lifequestionnaire (CU-Q2oL) score.

Results: Overall average WHS at baseline was 18.2(standard deviation, SD, 3.6) and WIS was 21 (SD, 0). At 4weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks the mean (SD) change frombaseline in the WHS was �9.7 (4.4), �13.3 (4.8) and �18.2(3.6) respectively. Mean (SD) changes from baseline in WISafter 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks were �8.6 (2.4), �15(2.8) and �20.9 (0.3) respectively.

Overall mean CU-Q2oL scores at baseline of all tenpatients were 76.0 (1.0) which improved to 43.7 (0.5) at week4, 28.2 (0.4) at week 8 and 23.9 (0.2) at week 12. In allpatients, use of antihistamine decreased from 10 mg twicedaily at study baseline to none at week 12.

Conclusion: Individualised homeopathic treatmentwas associated with alleviation of CU symptoms, enablingreduction in use of conventional treatment. The resultspresented in this study can be considered as a step towardsa pilot pragmatic study using homeopathy.

Keywords: Chronicurticaria,weekly hive score,weeklyitch score

P031. Exploring the Tools for Large-Scale Data Collectionand Analysis in Clinical Practice in Africa. DevelopingMethodologies for Measurement of Patient OutcomeRichard Pitt1, Barbara Braun21Kenya School for Integrated Medicine, Kwale, Kenya2Swaziland Homeopathy Project, Swaziland

The utilization of data collection systems and analysistools is a key component of health information systems andused to formulate health policy and analyse operational effic-iencies and health outcomes. In the quest to find scientific



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evidence to validate homeopathy, emphasis on the clinicaloutcome of homeopathic treatments as part of operationalresearch is a valid and important contribution to homeopathicresearch.

Twohomeopathyprojects havebeen exploringways inwhich evidence from clinical practice can support homeopa-thy in their countries for tenyears. TheSwazilandHomeopathyProject (SHP) and the Kenya School for Integrated Medicine(KSIM) have been collaborating in producing clinical evidenceand together have over 10,000 cases in their database system.

SHP uses the Access database to evaluate outcomes,using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) which is a psychometricresponse scale that can be used in questionnaires. It also usesa Karnofsky/Lansky Performance Status to evaluate overallfunctionality. These scoring mechanisms were chosen toevaluate overall wellbeing and individual symptom scoresin an African context. KSIM is working on a five-year projectsponsored through the European Union with the Ministry ofHealth, Kenya. It has introduced an innovative data collectionsystem based on DHIS2 (District Health Information System2), an open-source software platform used by 55 countriesworldwide. KSIM has adapted DHIS2 to homeopathy datacollection, also using VAS and Karnofsky scores to evaluatehomeopathic outcomes. Both data collection approaches(Access and DHIS2) are being evaluated and monitored fortheir efficiency and usefulness.

Each innovativedatacollectionmodelhas thepotentialto create a very large database of clinical outcomes in homeo-pathy. VAS andKarnofsky scores have been shown to be usefultools for evaluating clinical outcomes in an African country.Homeopathic outcomes show positive results, and developingan online data collection system with DHIS2 shows especialpotential in clinical situations in Africa and beyond.

Keywords: Evidence, clinical outcomes, informationsystems

P032. Hypericum perforatum to Improve Post-OperativePain Outcome After Lumbar Mono-segmental SpinalMicrodiscectomy (HYPOS) – Preliminary Results of aRandomized Controlled TrialChrista Raak1, Thomas Ostermann2, Bettina Berger1, DavidMartin1, Peter Krüger3, Rene Geissen4, Wolfram Scharbrodt51Institute of Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University,Herdecke, Germany2Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/HerdeckeUniversity, Witten, Germany3IFOM - Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, UniversityWitten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany4Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany5Integrative Neuromedicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke,Germany

Background: Potentized Hypericum perforatum isknown as a remedy for lancinating pain when nerval damageis involved. We aimed at investigating whether additionalintake ofHypericum C200might lead to a significant decreaseof perceived pain and conventional pain medication com-pared to placebo in patients undergoing spinalmicrodiscectomy.

Methods: Between 2015 and 2018 a randomizedcontrolled trial was conducted in the Department of Neuro-surgery at the Community Hospital Herdecke. In-patientsundergoing spinal microdiscectomy were randomly selectedinto homeopathic treatment or placebo, both in addition tousual pain management. 3 globuli of either verum or placebowere administered after surgery every 12 hours for 3–5 days.The primary outcome was pain reduction at these 3–5 post-operative days, measured on a visual analogue scale. Statisti-

cal analysis was done by means of a repeated measuresmodel.

Results: A total of 95 patients were included in thispreliminary analysis, of which 47 patients (49.5%) receivedhomeopathic treatment. No significant between-group differ-ence was found with respect to patient demographics such asgender (Control: 25 (52.1%) versus Verum: 21 (44.7%) malepatients; age (mean:52.5�14.2versus52.2�13.5years); bodymass index (mean: 26.8 � 4.2 versus 27.9 � 5.2 years); anddurationof surgery (mean: 62.5� 20.6 versus 66.4� 28.3min).With respect to pain reduction, there was a similar decrease inpain intensity from5.6� 2.3 (Control) and 5.8� 2.6 (Verum) to3.0 � 2.6 (Control) and 3.0 � 2.5 (Verum), with no significantgroup differences based on complete case analysis (N ¼ 66).

Discussion: This preliminary data analysis showedcomparable socio-medical parameters between the twogroups. The results however did not confirm any differencein pain reduction between them. Further analyses of theintake of pain medication and the evaluation of sensory andaffective pain perception are currently underway.

Keywords: Microdiscectomy, Hypericum perforatum,pain, RCT

P033. Systematic Observations Suggest a Non-materialMode of Action in Substances Diluted beyond InverseAvogadro’s Number – A Pre-Pilot Study in HumanVolunteersKarin Reinhart1, Verena Cucci2, Klaus von Ammon3,41Private practice, Erlenbach ZH, Switzerland2Private practice, Staefa ZH, Switzerland3GP practice, Staefa ZH, Switzerland4Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University ofBern, Switzerland

Background: The mode of action of potentised sub-stances beyond inverse Avogadro‘s number is yet unknown,despite proven effects on complex biological systems, such asplant and animal laboratory experiments, homeopathic drugprovings and therapeutic use in humans.

Objectives: To demonstrate (i) individual susceptibili-ty tohomeopathic ultra-highdiluted remedies (HUHDRs) and(ii) non-material effects of HUHDRs in humans.

Method: Healthy volunteers participated in an obser-vational application trial of different HUHDRs in variouspotencies using a gas discharge visualisation (GDV, bio-well.com) camera for biometric measurement of changes inthe bioelectric field taken from electrophotonic emissions ofthe fingertips.

Results: In all three participants, without ingestingbut holding the respective probes of HUHDRs, (i) individualreactions to certain remedies, (ii) non material-transferredeffects, (iii) time-related instant or post-withdrawal vanish-ing effects, and (iv) individual specific reaction patterns to so-called constitutional remedies were detected, on both thepsycho-emotional and the physiological level.

Conclusion: This is the first published systematicapproach to demonstrate a non-material field-like mode ofaction ofHUHDRs in humans byGDV. This non-invasive,well-established and safe biometric method is a promising step ofbiomarker development in HUHDR research. Furthermore,these preliminary results might draw attention to this way ofdemonstrating effects of HUHDRs and encourage further in-depth research in this field.

Keywords: Mode of action, ultra-high dilution, bio-metric method, gas discharge visualization



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P034. Clificol: First Results from Carcinosinum Patient CasesCarlo Maria Rezzani11Homeopathia Europea – Internationalis, Italy

Background and Aims: Clificol (Clinical File Collection)is an International databank able to store and analyse clinicalcases collected from over 20,000 RadarOpus users and fromYou-Cure.

The homeopaths first collect the data in WinCHIP,which guarantees the completeness and the standardizationof the information (thanks to the use of a dedicated pick-list).

The stored data is then validated byWinCHIP and sentto the Clificol databank where it is checked bya qualified staffmember to ensure the integrity of all the data.

The data, according to the General Data ProtectionRegulation (GDPR) rules, is sent in an anonymous way.

Method: We analysed the output of the data (4,659cases) from different perspectives:

• Epidemiological: patient age, gender, acute and chronicillness distribution.

• Homeopathic: we studied the pathologiesmost frequentlytreated with Carcinosinum and the frequency of the rep-ertorial symptoms.

Results and Conclusion: The author will show the casesstudied with the help of technology to obtain high-qualitydata. The open problems that the homeopathic clinical re-search involves are described.

Keywords: Clificol, WinCHIP, RadarOpus, You-cure,methodology

P035. A Randomized Controlled Study on Cognitive Effectsof Anti-cancer Therapy in Patients with Breast CancerTreated with Rehabilitation Exercises, Diet and Add-onHomeopathy and Acupuncture/AuriculotherapyElio Rossi1, Stefania Tocchini2, Marco Picchi1, CristinaNoberasco1, Lucia Da Valle21Homeopathic Clinic Campo di Marte Hospital, Lucca, Italy2O.U. Psycology, ASL Tuscany North West, Lucca, Italy

Background and Aims: Chemotherapy-related cogni-tive impairment (CRCI) – ‘chemobrain’ – includes mentalfatigue, and impairment in attention, processing speed andshort-term memory.

Aims: This study evaluates the efficacy of complemen-tary integrative medicine (CIM), acupuncture and homeopa-thy, compared to standard care in relieving CRCI.

Material andMethods: Inclusion criteria: females aged18 to 70 years, with a primary diagnosis of early breast cancer(stage I-IIIA), treated with adjuvant chemotherapy regimensand/or endocrine therapy; written informed consent; educa-tional level sufficient to understand the neurocognitive tests.Stratification: menopausal status; chemotherapy regimens;endocrine therapy.

Treatment: Acupuncture: basic acupuncture formulasBaihui (GB20), ExYintang1, Taixi (KI3). Sessions will bescheduled once a week for 4 weeks, followed by one monthof auriculotherapy; at the end another 4 weekly sessions ofacupuncture. Homeopathy: a magistral preparation includ-ing Helleborus niger 15 CH, Plumbum metallicum 6 CH,Phosphorus 15 CH, Cerebral cortex 5 CH and Nerves 5 CH,three granules three times a day for 3 months.

All the patients will receive dietary advice to reducebody inflammatory state and at the end of chemotherapythey will undergo a neuropsychological visit performed by apsychologist properly trained for cognitive function assess-ment. During the study, blood samples for plasma/serum

analysis of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), IL-6and TNF (at baseline and 12 months) will also be collected.

The number of patients recruited will be 300, dividedin three groups: 1) 100 with rehabilitation exercises anddietary advice, plus homeopathy; 2) 100 with rehabilitationexercises and dietary advice, plus acupuncture and auricu-lotherapy; 3) 100 with rehabilitation exercises and dietaryadvice as control group.

Results: The study is currently in its early stages, sothere are no results at the time of writing. We expect topresent the first preliminary results during HRI Congress.

Keywords: Breast cancer patients, anticancer therapy,cognitive impairments, homeopathy, complementarymedicine

P036. A Quantitative Analysis on Effectiveness ofHomeopathic Treatment in the Management of AllergicRhinitis in ChildrenKanika Sabharwal11Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Smt. C.M.PHomeopathic Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Background: Allergic rhinitis affects about 10–40%people globally. About three-fourths of Indian children suffer-ing from allergic rhinitis are found to be symptomatic, ham-pering quality of life and emerging as a leading cause of schoolabsenteeism. Homeopathy aims to boost immunity, alter sus-ceptibility and decrease the predisposition towards allergies.

Aim: To determine the role of homeopathy in treatingallergic rhinitis – reducing the frequency and intensity ofattacks, boosting immunity and increasing tolerance towardsvarious allergens.

Methods:

• A descriptive, observational study, including 30 cases.• An evaluation tool, ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis & its Impact on

Asthma), was used to stage the allergic rhinitis before andafter treatment, and paired t-test was applied.

• During homeopathic treatment a 2-fold approach wasused – a medicine to boost immunity and modify theallergic tendency during symptom-free periods, and anacute remedy during exacerbation of the allergic episode.

• Outcome measurement was done based on the post-treatment stage. Symptoms persisting in stage 1 and 2were considered as improvement, and symptoms�4 daysa week or �4 weeks were considered as stage 0 or cured.

Results: Analysis of the cases after 6 months of treat-ment revealed that 70% of included cases were cured, 27%showed improvement at 3% were drop-outs.

Conclusion:

• Based on the results, the null hypothesis was rejected andit was concluded that homeopathy is effective in treatingpaediatric allergic rhinitis by modifying the allergictendency.

• The objective of reducing the frequency and intensity ofepisodes after treatment with homeopathy was attained,as evident from the post-treatment analysis.

• Allergen tolerance towards weather change and colouredfood was achieved.

Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, homeopathy, immunity,susceptibility



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P037. Systematic Review of Conceptual Criticism ofHomeopathyViola Schulz1,2, Claudia Scherr2, Tim Jäger1, StephanBaumgartner1,21Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke,Herdecke, Germany2Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Research Institute, Arlesheim,Switzerland

Background: Homeopathy, with its long tradition ascomplementary medicine therapy, is often a subject of de-bate, especially in non-peer-reviewed media, in which itseffects and plausibility are highly discussed. Due to the lackofknowledge on a remedy-specific mode of action, pre-clinicaland clinical effects of homeopathy are questioned, and lack ofscientific evidence emphasized. This systematic review aimsto summarize and evaluate peer-reviewed scientific articlesregarding conceptual criticism of homeopathy.

Methods: The literature search strategy included orig-inal peer-reviewed scientific articles on conceptual criticismof homeopathy, following the current recommendations ofPRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviewsand Meta-analysis Approach). The databases Cochrane Li-brary, EMBASE, Europe PMC, PhilPapers, PubMed andWeb ofScience provided the basis of the literature search. Editorials,comments, reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials and exper-imental studies were not considered.

Results and Conclusion:Only a fewarticleswere found.Implausibility of homeopathic basic principles (law of sim-ilars, potentization procedure) according to the current stateof scientific knowledge is one of the statements made. Insome cases, further conclusions are drawn, such as thathomeopathy is ethically unacceptable. Based on the presentanalysis of the scientific peer-reviewed literature, the currentdiscussion in the public media is not mirrored by a corres-ponding scientific debate.

Keywords: Homeopathy, conceptual criticism, scien-tific evidence

P038. Integration of Homeopathy in Indian HealthcareDeepti Singh Chalia1, Harleen Kaur1, Raj K. Manchanda11Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India

Background (Why to Integrate):WHO endorses healthservice delivery to become more integrated and people-centric by re-orienting the model of care and coordinatingservices within and across sectors. It is thus essential tointegrate homeopathy in national health programs of coun-tries that can aid in reducing healthcare burden and diminishcosts. India’s current healthcare system is not sustainable forits population. With rapid health transition, India is facing a‘triple burden of disease’ in the form of unfinished cases ofcommunicable diseases, rising non-communicable diseasesthat are related to lifestyle, and the emerging threat ofinfectious diseases. On other hand, there is lack of sufficientlytrained healthcare manpower.

Method (How to Integrate): Homeopathy is playing aconsiderable role in meeting the health care needs of thepopulation in India by its integration at appropriate levels,within specified areas of responsibility and functioning, inthe overall healthcare delivery system, especially with regardto the preventive, promotive and public health objectives. TheGovernment of India has launched several schemes andnational programs wherein homeopathy is being utilizedfor its inherent advantages of its patient-centric approach,cost-effectiveness, ease of administration and gentle action.

Result and Discussion (Current Integrated Scenario inIndia): The results of a nationally representative health

survey, 2014, reveals that homeopathy has significant pres-ence in India, with popularity more among children (<5years), particularly in urban areas. Homeopathy is widelypracticed in Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal, Orissa,Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Bihar,Gujarat and the north-eastern states of India. India has avery conducive infrastructure, with 284,471 homeopathydoctors, 201 under-graduate and 50post-graduation colleges,7,544 government-run clinics and 164 hospitals pertaining tohomeopathy that are run by state governments and munici-pal bodies – all of which exists as a sustainable support topublic health. The growth rate of homeopathy has increasedfrom1,935 doctors per 10million population in 2007 to 2,136doctors per 10 million population in the year 2017.

Through the Indian model of meaningful integrationof homeopathy in healthcare, we are focusing on providingeducation through the university system, adequate drugcontrol measures, high quality research and participating inpublic health initiatives. The resulting improvement in healthoutcomes of the country thereby contributes towards achiev-ing Universal Health Coverage.

Keywords: Homeopathy, integrated health service,national health profile, universal health coverage

P039. Medicinal and Placebo Effects of HomeopathicRemedies: A Comparative Study of Patients withSomatoform Low Back Pain and Patients with PathologicalLow Back PainK. T. Subhadra1,21Dr Padiar Memorial Homoeopathic Medical College, Ernakulam,Kerala, India2Indian Homoeopathic Medical Association, India

Introduction: Low back pain is the most commonmusculoskeletal disorder reported in clinical practice. Chroniclow back pain is also a leading symptom of somatoform paindisorder, where the physical symptoms often are not physi-cally explainable. The study was intended to find whetherthere was any difference in the effect of individualized ho-meopathic medicines, compared with individualized homeo-pathic medicines when given along with placebo, comparedwith placebo alone, in pain and functional disability, anxiety,depression and wellbeing in patients with pathological lowback pain and in patients with somatoform low back pain.

Methods:Apre-post experimental designwas used forthe study, with pain as the primary outcome variable andanxiety, depression and wellbeing as the secondary outcomevariables based on the Oswestry low back pain scale, theHamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Beck Depression Invento-ry and the PGI General WellbeingMeasure. 225 patients withpathological low back pain and 225 patients with somato-form low back pain were each divided into three separatecategories, receiving either homeopathic medicine alone orhomeopathic medicine with placebo or placebo alone. Insti-tutional ethical committee clearance was obtained, andpatients were enrolled only after giving their informedconsent. Data were analysed using ANCOVA.

Conclusions:Major findings showed that homeopath-ic medicine when used alone can be more effective inmanaging pain and other co-morbid conditions in patientswith low back pain of a pathological nature. Homeopathicmedicine in combination with placebo had an effect in somecases. Placebo alone was found to be mostly ineffective onpain and disability, anxiety and depression, but was effectiveon the wellbeing of patients with somatoform low back pain.

Keywords: Homeopathy, placebo, low back pain



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P040. A Time-to-Deterioration (TTD) N-of-1 Clinical TrialDesign for Use in Homeopathy ResearchSusanne Ulbrich-Zürni1, Klaus von Ammon2, StephanBaumgartner31Swiss Homeopathy Association, Zürich, Switzerland2Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University ofBern, Bern, Switzerland3Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke,Herdecke, Germany

Background: Application of the randomised con-trolled trial (RCT) in research into individualized homeopathyhas several known limitations, such as selecting the appro-priate individual remedy, and inherent ethical problems ofplacebo interventions.

Methods: Based on recent considerations of the pos-sible use of N-of-1 trials in homeopathy and its limitations,we developed a modification of the N-of-1 trial design.

Results: The key element of the proposed study designis to select ‘time to deterioration’ (TTD) after intervention asprimary outcome in an N-of-1 trial. We assume a positivehomeopathic treatment effect relative to baseline on a givenmeasurement scale (e.g. Conners Global Index (CGI) inADHD). If treatment consists e.g. of a few doses of Q-poten-cies, deterioration can be expected after some time. Afterreaching a particular threshold value (TV) in the outcomescale (e.g. 30% decrease of CGI), the next trial medication isgiven. Verum and placebo are administered double-blind andrandomly in time. Assuming that verum has stronger effectsthan placebo, the timespan until TV is reached is longer afterverum application compared to placebo. The adequate ho-meopathic remedy can be determined in an open or single-blind screening phasewith an adequate success criterion (e.g.50% improvement in CGI). Data from TTD N-of-1 trials can beeasily aggregated and synthesized in meta-analysis, since theoutcome is always measured in time units.

Discussion: The TTD trial design is appropriate forchronic stable conditions. Major advantages are: placebophases are self-limiting and as short as possible, thusminimis-ing ethical problems and patient drop-out; carry-over effectsare limited by the choice of the threshold value; TTD data yieldinformation on duration and time-course of homeopathic aswell as placebo treatments. Placebo could be replaced byanother homeopathic remedy to compare efficacy of differenttreatment options.

Keywords: N-of-1 trial, research methodology,homeopathy

P041. Ultradiluted Viscum album in the Treatment ofMelanoma in a Dog (Canis familiaris) – Case ReportAna Catarina Valle1,2, Rosangela Andrade1,4, Marcelo Sibata3,4,Aloisio Carvalho51Catholic University, Brasilia, Brazil2Naturalpet, Brasilia, Brazil3São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil4IDIS, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil5Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil

Introduction: Melanoma is the sixth most commonleading cancer worldwide and its incidence is continuouslyrising. The management of patients with melanoma has beenhistorically challenging, with extremely low survival rate.Thus, the emergence of innovative treatments becomes anecessity. Homeopathy, introduced by Hahnemann, becomesan interesting treatment option, especially taking into ac-count the levels of similarity. Ultradiluted Viscum album(mistletoe) has been used, based on the anatomic-pathologi-cal similitude model for cancer control. The aim of this work

involves the treatment of melanoma in a dog, through peri-tumoral subcutaneous applications of ultradiluted mistletoe.

Material and Methods: A 10-year-old male non-pedi-gree dog, weighing 22 kg, attended the NaturalPet Vet Clinic,in Brasilia, Brazil, in August 2018. Physical examinationshowed a black skin wound, 2 cm in diameter, in the medialface of the scapula, present for 2 days. Material for biopsywascollected. The patient was medicated with V. album D3, peri-tumoral subcutaneously, every 7 days for 4 weeks. After thattime the animal was medicated with V. album D3, D6, D9,D12, D30 in combination, 3 times per week.

Results: The biopsy revealed melanocytic melanoma.A reduction of thewoundwas observed at the end of 4weeks.The patient was periodically assisted and returned to theveterinarian’s office once amonth for a follow-up analysis. Atthe time of writing, after 6 months of treatment, the animalremains unchanged and in perfect health.

Conclusion: V. album proved to be an importanttherapeutic tool for the treatment of canine melanocyticmelanoma: the therapy significantly reduced the woundmanifestation of the disease, with no side effects such asleucopenia. Throughout the treatment period the patientremained without physical, hematological and biochemicalalterations. The patient’s overall health was preserved, andthe quality of lifewas improved,with no alterations similar tothe original lesion. However, further studies are needed tofully understand how homeopathic medicines act in thetreatment of this disease.

Keywords: Mistletoe, cancer, homeopathy

P042. Mixed Methods Homeopathy Research of the ‘3 Hs’:History; Health-Related Quality of Life; Hearing the Voicesof ParentsDesislava Vankova1, Iskra Kapincheva21Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria2Association of Homeopathic Physicians, Bulgaria

Background: Homeopathy is a charismatic medicalpractice but an under-investigated clinical field.We present aresearch contribution from Bulgaria. The aim is three-fold,within the ‘3Hs’ framework: 1) to review the History ofhomeopathy in a post-communist country; 2) to investigatethe Health-related Quality of Life (HrQoL) of chronically illhomeopathy patients; and 3) to Hear parents’ voices.

Methods: The observational multi-centered study(Ethical approval, 2016) followed a mixed methods converg-ent-parallel design. The EQ-5D-3L instrument was usedduring the quantitative phase for assessing HrQoL of patientsreceiving individualized homeopathic medical treatment(IHMT) for more than a year (n ¼ 211; >18 years old); therewere no restrictions on the consultation length and pre-scribed homeopathic remedies. The qualitative phases in-cluded historical research and in-depth interviews withparents who choose homeopathy for their children(n ¼ 19). The research settings were out-patient homeopath-ic clinics.

Results:

1. Homeopathy was introduced into Bulgaria by Dr Mirkovicin 1885; its use was forbidden in 1944. Its modern historybegan in 1992 with the first teaching course; legal recog-nition was granted in 2001.

2. HrQoL results: patientswithout problems in anyof thefivedomains of EQ-5D represented 29.5% of the total (n ¼ 65);only 6.2% (n ¼ 13) reported any extreme problem. Themean state of health/VAS was 75.3 (SD, 18.2). More thanhalf of the patients (n ¼ 137, 64%) had used IHMT for



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longer than 3 years. There was a positive correlationbetween duration of IHMT and VAS-self-rated valuation(r ¼ 0.171; p ¼ 0.013). More than a quarter of the patients(n ¼ 64, 30.3%) were using homeopathic remedies ascomplementary to conventional (n ¼ 39, 18.5%) or tonon-conventional therapies (n ¼ 25, 11.8%). Further re-search is needed to prove causality of the intervention.

3. Hearing parents’ voices was considered in four fields:Choice of homeopathy; Family dynamics; Supportive en-vironment; Relationships (parent–child–homeopath).

Conclusion: The presented research promotes integra-tion of homeopathy in the national healthcare of Bulgaria.

Keywords: Homeopathy research, history, EQ-5D-3L,Bulgaria

P043. Developing Homeopathic Treatment Guidelines forPatients with Hepatitis CDomingos Jose Vaz DoCabo1,2,3, Silvia HelenaGrosso Esher4,5,6,Maria Filomena Xavier Mendes2,7,8, Romeu Carillo Jr5,6, MariaSolange Gosik61Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil2Associação Brasileira de Reciclagem e Assistência em Homeopatia,RJ, Brazil3Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca – ENSP-FIOCRUZ,Brazil4Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Brazil5Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, HSPM, Brazil6Associação Brasileira de Reciclagem e Assistência em Homeopatia,SP, Brazil7Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Brazil8Hospital Federal da Lagoa and SMS, RJ, Brazil

Hepatitis C has been studied for a long time. Despiteconsensus that, overall, reduction in inflammatory activityprevents progression to fibrosis and increased mortality, thatsame reduction usually prevents progression to cirrhosis andhepatocellular carcinoma thus improving the quality of life ofpatients. In the Hepatology Service of the Hospital Universi-tário Antonio Pedro, linked to the Faculty of Medicine of theUniversidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), many patients, eventhough they are regularly followed, are unable to follow therecommendations of conventional treatment – due to medi-cation side effects or because they have achieved cure criteriaat the end of therapy. Facedwith this demand, we assume thechallenge of designing homeopathic treatment guidelines forhepatitis C, based on the assumptions of this integrativepractice and guided by Carillo’s Theory of Complex Systems.The project initially involved the participation of 42 patients.As a result, we studied the materia medica of Zincum metal-licum and China officinalis for liver support, given theirtropism for the liver, initiating one or another (or combiningboth).

Of the 42 initial patients, 4 withdrew from theprotocol for personal reasons, leaving 38 participants. Inthe first consultation we prescribed the liver support reme-dies. In addition, we proceeded with semi-structured inter-views, asking the patients about the most significant changesthey were experiencing in their quality of life. Patients’ self-reported major symptoms were determined using the vali-dated Likert-scale questionnaire, WHO–QOL 100 (WorldHealth Organization–Evaluation of Quality of Life). After 14months of homeopathic treatment, there was significantimprovement in all symptoms reported by patients, in theorder of 75%, demonstrating that homeopathy is a feasibleadjunctive therapy, particularly addressing improvement inquality of life. Further studies are indicated.

Keywords: Homeopathy, hepatitis C, liver, welfare

P044. Constitutional Homeopathic Treatment in Cases ofPre-diabetes and Insulin Resistance at a Primary HealthCentre: A Feasibility StudyGyandas Wadhwani1,21Holistic Homoeopathic Clinic & Research Center, New Delhi, India2Former Chief Medical Officer (NFSG) (Homeopathy), Directorate ofAYUSH, Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, NewDelhi, India

Background: India, a recognized epicentre of theglobal diabetes mellitus pandemic, is witnessing an increas-ing number of people being diagnosed with pre-diabetes andinsulin resistance. Having pre-diabetes initiates the long-term damage of diabetes, andwithout intervention it is likelyto become type 2 diabetes in 10 years or less.

Aim: To assess the feasibility of constitutional homeo-pathic treatment along with therapeutic lifestyle changes incases of pre-diabetes and insulin resistance.

Methods: Between 1st April 2014 and 29th July 2016,all patients who were diagnosed either with pre-diabetes[ICD10: R73.09; abnormal fasting blood glucose level (100–125 mg/dl), an elevated HbA1c level (between 5.7 and 6.4%),or an abnormal glucose tolerance test (140–199 mg/dl)] orwith insulin resistance [ICD10: E88.81] at the World Univer-sity Services Health Centre, South Campus, Delhi University(Primary Health Centre), were referred to the co-locatedDelhi Government Homeopathic Dispensary and enrolledafter obtaining due consent. These registered patients weretreated with constitutional homeopathic medicines alongwith therapeutic lifestyle changes and followed up every4–6 weeks. They were not on any supplements or hormonalmedications during the course of observation.

Results: Out of the 32 registered cases, results wereanalysed clinically and serologically in 25 [12 females and 13males; aged 14 to 67 years] at 6-monthly intervals, based onthe pre-defined inclusion criteria. 22 different remedieswereprescribed in these cases, after individualization, in centesi-mal potencies. Only one person required the same remedy inLM potency due to failure of response to the centesimal.Serological markers normalized under homeopathic treat-ment in 88% of cases.

Conclusion: The results of the study suggest thefeasibility of constitutional homeopathic treatment in casesof pre-diabetes and insulin resistance. However, a pragmaticcomparative studywouldmore effectivelyevaluate the role ofhomeopathic treatment in these clinical conditions.

Keywords: Pre-diabetes, insulin resistance,homeopathy

P045. An Open-Label Pilot Study to Explore Usefulness ofHomeopathic Treatment in Scabies in a Primary HealthCentre Catering to a Low Socioeconomic PopulaceGyandas Wadhwani1,2,31Holistic Homoeopathic Clinic & Research Center, New Delhi, India2Former Chief Medical Officer (NFSG) (Homeopathy), Directorate ofAYUSH, Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, NewDelhi, India3Aude Sapere Group, South Africa

Background and Aim: Scabies affects around 200million people at any one time, causes an intensely itchyrash, and may lead to secondary bacterial infection, autoim-mune disease and poor QOL (quality of life). The WHOrecommends that scabies be added to the neglected tropicaldisease portfolio and calls for action to improve controlefforts. There are a number ofmedicines cited in homeopath-ic literature which can be used for treatment of scabiousinfestation. A pilot studywas therefore undertaken to explore



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the usefulness of homeopathic medicines in the treatment ofscabies.

Methods: In this study, more than 5,000 patients werescreened at Delhi Government Homeopathic Dispensary AaliVillage (DGHDAV), New Delhi, India between 1st April 2014and 31st March 2015, and 146 were enrolled on the basis ofpre-defined inclusion criteria. A single homeopathic medi-cine was prescribed for each patient with the help of materiamedica and/or repertory on the basis of presenting symp-toms. Response to homeopathic treatment was assessed onVAS (visual analogue scale) for itching andORIDL (Outcome inRelation to Impact on Daily Living) scores for QOL.

Results: Remedial response was gauged in most of thepatients within 48 hours and complete recovery was seen in79.5% cases in a mean time of about 22 days. Significantdifferences were recorded in patients in their pre- and post-treatment VAS and ORIDL scores.

Conclusion:Homeopathic medicines have potential totreat scabious infestation by removing pruritus, eradicatinglesions, restoring sleep and improvingQOL. Homeopathymayprovide a cost-effective treatment for scabies and a random-ized controlled trial should be considered.

Keywords: Scabies, homeopathy, pilot study



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HRI London 2019—Cutting Edge Research inHomeopathy: Presentation Abstracts—Author Index

Numbers in bold following author names refer to page numbers.

Adams, Peter A13Aguilar, Carolina A16Aguilar-Velazquez, Gustavo A13Andersen, Jens-Otto A3Andrade, Rosangela A26Aparicio, Ana Carla Caparica A15

Bagadia, Leena A14Bagot, Jean-Lionel A1Balmy, Sylvaine A2Barbosa, Gleyce Moreno A20Baumgartner, Stephan A2, A3, A4,A10, A11, A19, A25, A26Bawaskar, Ramesh A9Bellare, Jayesh A15Bellavite, Paolo A5Berger, Bettina A23Bertoni, Bianca A21Bhouraskar, Shilpa A18Block, Janice A14Bonamin, Leoni V. A1, A13, A15Boon, Heather A14Braun, Barbara A20, A22Braun, Kathryn A20Brodie, Gabrielle A18Brulé, David A14Buchheim-Schmidt, Susann A2Buchi, Dorly A16

Cabo, Domingos Jose Vaz A27Canabarro, Antonio A20Carillo Jr, Romeu A27Cartwright, Steven J. A2, 15Carvalho, Aloisio A26Casas, Ana Viejo A2Ceballos, Adriana A16Chadha, Vishal A6Chalia, Deepti Singh A25Chandrakar, Neha A15Coelho, Cidéli A6, A11, A13Cucci, Verena A23

Dayal, Arvind A11Di Stefano, Mariella A8

Diez, Susana Conde A2Doesburg, Paul A3, A11Dubashi, Ramesh A11Duckworth, Jean E. A20Duysburgh, Cindy A2

Eizayaga, José Enrique A12Eizayaga, Francisco A13, A16Endler, Peter Christian A5, A19Esher, Silvia Helena Grosso A27

Fok, Yvonne A10Fontes, Clarissa A17Freed, Yakov A3, 17Freitas, Francisco A20

Gaertner, Katharina A3, A17Geissen, Rene A23Gosik, Maria Solange A27Greenland, Joanne A18Gupta, A. K. A7Gupta, Arun Kumar A9

Hahn, Robert A4Henrique, Camila A21Holandino, Carla A17, A20Homsani, Fortune A17, A20Huber, Roman A11

Ijaz, Nadine A14Ilkhanizadeh, Behrooz A8Ivanova, Desislava A9Ivanova, Diana A9

Jäger, Tim A4, A11, A25Jain, Shruti A6Jordan, Linlee A18

Kapincheva, Iskra A26Karp, Jean-Claude A1Kaur, Harleen A25

Keip, Birgit A19Keller, Thomas A2Khamar, Hardik A19Khan, Tariq A7Khurana, Anil A6, A9Kiefer, Peter A19Kiselova-Kaneva, Yoana A9Klein, Sabine A10Klement, Petra A2Kokornaczyk, Maria Olga A4, A19Kolli, Raju A11Konovalov, Alexander A12Kraus, Corinne A5Krüger, Peter A23

Lavallée, Véronique A1Leonel, Alexandre A21Levy, David A18Lilas, Theodoros A18Lombaerts, Christel A20Lozzo, Eneida A16

Macera, Elizabeth A20Malcolm, Russell A5Manchanda,RajK. A6,A7,A9,A11,A25Manhoso, Fabio A21Manning, Ann A18Martin, David A23Marzorati, Massimo A2Marzotto, Marta A5Mathie, Robert T. A6Mattiolo, Lorena A18Mazloomi, Ebrahim A8Mendes, Maria Filomena Xavier A27Mendes, Marcia A21Messerschmitt, Christiane A1Mittal, Renu A9Mosgoeller, Wilhelm A19Mosley, Angelina A7Mota, Hannah Maureen G. A15Mourão, Leila Cristina A20

Nader, Talita A21Naik, Sujata A21

Author Index I-1

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Naisam, Amjith A22Narita, Franscinne A6Nath, Tapan A9Nayak, Debadatta A6Neufeld, Paulo A20Nim, Priyanka A6Noberasco, Cristina A8, A24Noslien, Sarah A20Nurra, Linda A8

Oberai, Praveen A7, 11Oliveira, Larissa Helen Silva A15Oliveira, Carolina A16Oliveira, Adriana Passos A20Ostermann, Thomas A23Otsuka, Ichiro A22

Padmanabhan, Maya A7Paiva, Juliana A17Pandey, Vinita A22Panozzo, Marialessandra A8Pant, Richa A9Paradis, Elise A14Pasheva, Milena A9Passos, Adriana A17Patnaik, Satyashree A9Patole, Tejaswini A11Pereira, Ana A21Peres, Giovani A13Peters, Uwe A2Picchi, Marco A8, 24Picciani, Paulo Enrique A17Pinto, Sandra Augusta Gordinho A15Pitt, Richard A22Portales, María Fernandez A16Prasad, Ramesh A7Prusty, Umakanta A9

Raak, Christa A23Raheja, Sunil M. A6

Rai, Yogendra A11Reddy, G. Ravi Chandra A11Reinhart, Karin A23Relton, Clare A7Rezzani, Carlo Maria A24Riveiro, Roseli V. A20Roberts, E. Rachel A7Rossi, André A17Rossi, Elio A8, 24Rutten, Lex A12

Sabharwal, Kanika A24Sachdeva, Garima A6Sachdeva, Jyoti A6Saez, Gualberto Díaz A2Sahoo, Amulya Ratan A9Salter, Celeste A18Sarkar, Sarabjit A9Scharbrodt, Wolfram A23Scherer-Pongratz, Waltraud A5Scherr, Claudia A3, A25Schulz, Viola A25Sehgal, Shruti A9Shahabi, Shahram A5, A8Sharma, Meera A9Shrivastava, Priyanka A11Sibata, Marcelo A26Silva, Jefferson de Souza A15Singh, Samarendra Pratap A7Singh, J. R. A7Singh, Shweta A9Singh, Supriya A7Singh, Udaiveer A9Sokol, Anezka A11Spranger, Heinz A19Subhadra, K. T. A25Suffredini, Ivana B. A15Suresh, Akkihebbal A15

Taneja, Divya A9Tapakis, Lefteris A18

Tasinov, Oskan A9Teut, Michael A9Theunyssen, Ingrid A1Thomas, Lois H. A20Thompson, Elizabeth A10Tocchini, Stefania A24To, Aaron Ka Lun A10Tournier, Alexander L. A7, A10Travagin, David Ronald A11Trindade, Edvaldo da Silva A16

Ulbrich-Zürni, Susanne A26Upadhyaya, Alok A7Upadhyay, Alok Kumar A9Ücker, Annekathrin A11

Valle, Ana Catarina A26Valle, Lucia A24Van den Abbeele, Pieter A2van Haselen, Robbert A18Vankova, Desislava A26Vankova, Deyana A9Varanasi, Roja A7, A11Vichitra, Anil A9Vikram, Deepika A7Vivekanand, Kumar A6Voeikov, Vladimir A12von Ammon, Klaus A23, A26von Ancken, Adalberto A13

Wadhwani, Gyandas A27Wagner, Jean-Philippe A1Waisse, Silvia A12Williamson, Susan A20Wolf, Ursula A10Würtenberger, Sandra A4, A10, A19

Zare, Ahad A8


Author IndexI-2

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HRI London 2019 Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy: … · care, homeopathy A002. Homeopathy and...

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