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vl@tcGifta&;tawG;tac: udpP&yfwckonf vl@tcGifta&;udpP&yf[kwfr[kwf pOf;pm;o;oy&mwiftaxmututjzp xnfwGif;pOf;pm;Edifaom vl@tcGifta&;qdif&mtawG;tac:on vl@tcGifta&;taw;tac:(Human rightsphilosophy) yifjzpfonf?

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tcsdK@aomupP&yfrsm;a=umi vlom;wOD;O; epfemr_jzpfyguxdepfemr_jzpf&aomupP od@r[kwf wckck vkyfcGifr&[kwm;jzpcH&aomtcg xdudpPonf vl@tcGifta&;ESifywfoufr_&r&vl@tcGifta&;csdK;azmur_ [kwfr[kwf vG,fvG,fululESiftajzray;Eifay?(Oyrm - trsdK;or;rsm; ud,f0efzsufcscGifonf trsdK;orD;vl@tcGihta&;jzpfon? opfyifrsm;rqirjcifckwfvJjci;onvltcGifta&;csdK;azmur_jzpon? rJray;rae& EdifiHom;wdif;udrJay;cdif;jci;? )

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ueOD;wifvl@tcGifta&;[k vufrcHaomtcGifta&;w&yudaemufydif;wGifrS todtrSwfjyKvmjci;rsdK; &onf? tcGifta&;wp&yfud vl@tcGifta&;[kajymvsi vufcHolESifvufrcHolrsm;t=um; tjiif;yGm;rrsm;jzp&on? xdtcgvl@tcGifta&;jzpfa=umi;vucHapvvsi tjiif;yGm;rwdif;wGif

tusdK;ta=umi; ckifvH&efvdtyfonf? vl@tcGifta&;on vlom;wpOD;tjzp arG;zGm;vmuwn;uygvmaom arG;&mygtcifta&;jzpon[kqdaomvn; ,ae@vucH

todtrSwfjyKxm;aom vl@tcGifta&;rsm;on awmif;qdwdufyJ0ifr_t&om todtrSwfjyKcvm&aom tcGifta&;rsm;jzpfon?

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pOf;pm;oH;oyf&etcsuf rdbrsm; tdrif;rpGrf;jzpfaomtcgwif om;orD;rsm;. jyKpkapmia&mufr_ud cHpm;cGif&onf? xdolrsm;ud umuG,fapmia&mufay;&ef EdifiHawmfwGif Oya' jyXmef;csur&aoma=umif xdolrsm;udpGef@ypfxm;jcif;on vl@tcGifta&;csdK;azmujcif;r[kwf? xdif;EdifiHa&muf jrefrmtvyform;rsm;u vlom;csif;pmemrt&tumtu,ay;oi/ xdolrsm;wGif xdod@umuG,fapmifa&mufr_

cHpm;Edifaom tcGifta&;rsm;&on?

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Discussion

xdtcGifta&;rsm; onvl@tcGifta&;[kwfygovm; (od@) r[kwfbl;vm;? bma=umifvJ?

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Human rights as moralrights(pdwf"gwfcGeftm;tcGifta&;)

TtcGifta&;rsm;on odwwfr_[laom usif0wfydif;t& wm0efodr_(moral duty) tay:wifomrwnon?

vl@tcGifta&;jzpfxGef;r_ordif;a=umi;ujyef=unvsi tpydif;wGifpdwf"gwfcGeftm;tcGifta&;taeEifomwn&cJaomtcGifta&;rsm;on aemiftcgOya'jyXmef;csursm;Eif abmif0ifatmifvkyfvdufaomtcg usifoH;Edifaomvl@tcGifta&;(applicablehuman rights) [kac:aom Oya't&ay;tyaomtcGifta&;od@r[kwf EdifiHom;tcGifta&;rsm;jzpfvmon?

Oya'YxnoGif;&ef pdwf"gwfcGeftm;tcifta&; trsdK;tpm;a&;cs,r_vkyf&mwGif EdifiHwckESifwck jcm;em;r&onf?

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tcsKd@EdifiHrsm;. pdwf"gwfcGeftm;tcGita&;rsm;on tjcm;EdiiHrsm;wGifOya't&ay;tyfaom vufawG@usifo;Ekifaom vl@tcGifta&;jzpfEdif? pdwf"gwfcGeftm;oufoufr#omjzpfaom tcGifta&;rsm;on vufawG@usifoH;Ediaom vl@tcGifta&;tqiftwe;tjzpfr&&ao;aom vl@tcGifta&;rsm;yifjzpfonfqdonfudum; jiif;Ir&ay? Oya't&ay;tyfaom tcGifta&;rsm;/ edifiHom;tcifta&;rsm;onfom

vl@tcGifta&;rsm; r[kwf pdwf"gwfcGetm;tcifta&;rsm;onvn;vl@tcGifta&;rsm;jzpfonfud rSwf,l&ayrnf? pdwf"gwfcGeftm;tcGifta&; rS Oya't&vufawG@usioH;Edifaom vl@tcGifta&;tjzpfowfrSwfvmap&ef awmif;qwdufyJ0ifjcif;on ,ae@urBmhvl@tcGita&;v_yf&m;r_rsm;. t"duusaom wm0efrsm;teuf wckjzpfonf?

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Justicibiality of rights(Oya't&umuG,fapmifa&mufay;EkifaomtcGifta&;) Oya'jyXmef;csut& umuG,fjrSifwifay;jcif;rjyKEdifaom tcGifta&rsm;onfvl@tcGifta&;r[kwf[k tcsdK@uajym=uonf? vl@tcGifta&;qdonrSm Oya't&ay;tyfaomtcGifta&;(legal rights)ESif

nDr#onf[k tcsdK@uqonf? wenf;tm;jzif vl@tcGifta&;ud Oya't&ay;tyfaomtcGita&;rsm;tjzpod@ tqifav#mhcsjcif;jzpfonf? jyXmef;Oya'rsm; t"dujzpfr_0g'(legal positivism)t,ltqjzpfonf?Oya'rrsm;a&;qJjyXmef;I xdjyXmef;Oya'rsm;jzifom t&mudpPtm;vH;ududifwG,fajz&i;aom t,ltqjzpfonf? xdjyXmef;Oya'rsm;ud(positive

law)[kac:onf? vl@tcGifta&;v_yf&m;oltcsdK@u xd0g'.uef@owfr_ud ausmfv$m;Edif&ef

obm0w&m;Oya'(Natural law)t,ltqud wifjyvm=uonf?

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vl@tcGifta&;onf Oya't&ay;tyfaomtcGita&;rsm;. arG;zGm;&mae&mjzpfjyD;/Oya't&ay;tyfaomtcGita&;rsm;onf vl@tcGifta&;rsm;. ar;zGm;&mae&mr[kwfay? vltcGifta&;awmif;qdwufyJ0ifr_onfvnf;aumi;/ Oya'rsm;a&;qJjyXmef;jci;onfvnf;aumif; vlom;csif;qufqa&; w&m;r#wr_&I w&m;r#wr_ud tm;vH;wajy;nDwef;wlnDwl cHpm;Edif&ef &nf&,fcsufcsif;twlwyifjzpfon? vl@tcGifta&;v_yf&m;r_onf vl@tzJ@tpnf;uvl@tcGifta&;tjzpf todtrSwfrjyKao;aomtcGifta&;rsm;ud azmfxkwfI vl@tcGifta&;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKvmap&ef vkyfaqmiaeaom awmfvSefa&;wrsdK;jzpfonf?

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Discussion

ud,f0efzsufcscGiftcGifta&;onftrsdK;orD;rsm;twufvl@tcGifta&;jzpfonf (od@) vl@tcGifta&;r[kwfyg (bma=umivJ)?

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(Claims and social recognition)awmi;qdr_ESiftodtrSwfjyKr tcsdK@aomtcGifta&;rsm;onf awmif;qp&mrvdb vl@tcGifta&;tjzptvG,fwul todtrSwfjyK=uaomfvn;/ tcsdK@tcGita&;rsm;on awmif;qdjyD;rSvl@tcGifta&;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKvmonf om"ursm;&onf? pdwf"gwfcGeftm;tcGifta&;tjzpfowfrSwfc&aomtcGifta&;rsm;ud vl@tcGifta&;tjzpfowfrSwfapvaomolrsm;u pwifaom awmif;qdr_rsm;(claims)jzifvl@tcGifta&;v_yf&m;r_rsm; pwifvm=uonf? awmif;qvmaomtcGita&;onf vl@tcGifta&;jzpfoifon[k vl@tzJ@tpnf;.

todtrSwfjyKr_(social recognition)vdtyfonf? todtrSwfjyKr_ud r&&ao;aomtcGifta&;on awmif;qdr_ououfomjzpjyD;vl@tcGifta&;tjzpfajymif;vjcif;r&ao;ay? vl@tcGifta&;tjzpftodtrSwfjyKr_&&vma&;rm awmif;qdr_oufoufjzifr&Edifb

vl@tzJ@tpnf;. todtrSwfjyKr_ygvtyfonf?

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Core rights and derivative rights(yifrtcifta&;EifqifyGm;tcGifta&; vltcGifta&;tm;v;onf wef;wltqiftwef;ESifwezd; &onf[krqdEdifyg?tcsdK@aomtcGifta&;rsm;onf tjcm;tcGifta&;rsm;ud jyef@yGm;apaomtcifta&;rsdK;jzponf? tjcm;tcGita&;rsm;jzpfay:apaom tcGifta&;ud yifrtcGifta&;(corerights)[kac:jyD;/ xdyifrtcGifta&;udrSI jzpfay:vmaomtcGifta&;udqifyGm;tcifta&;(derivative rights)[kac:onf? yifrtcGifta&;ESiqifyGm;tcGita&;rsm; wlnDaomtcGita&;rdom;pud(rights

family of a group of rights)[kac:onf? yifrtcGifta&;ud tmrcHcsuf&rS qifyGm;tcGifta&;rsm; usifoH;&onfrSmvG,fulonf?

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Discussion

Asia Value ud vufcHovm;(od@)vufrcHbl;vm; (bma=umifvJ) vl@tcGifta&;qdonfrSm taemufwdif;,Ofjzpfonf(od@) r[kwfyg (bma=umifvJ)

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Universal human rights Vs cultural reletivism(tjynfjynfqif&mv@tcGifta&;ESi ,Ofaus;r_ESifudunDaomvl@tcGita&; wurBmvH; pHwpfckwnf;omjzpfaom vl@tcGifta&;ud tjynfjynfqdif&mvl@tcGifta&;(universal human rights)[kac:on? vl@tcGifta&;ud ,Ofaus;r_ESi ,SOfIwnfaxmifusioH;&ef wifjyaomt,ltqud

,Ofaus;rESifudufnDaomvl@tcGifta&;t,ltq (cultural reletivism)[kac:onf? tjynfjynqdif&mvl@tcGita&;t,ltqon vl@tcGifta&;ud TurBmay:&pHwrsdK;wnf;jzif vlom;tm;vH; cJjcm;r_r&bydifqdiusifoH; cHpm;EdifcGif&onfqdaom

t,ltqjzpfonf?

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tjynjynqdif&mvl@tcGifta&;t,tqu tm;oeaomEdifiHrsm;rSmtaemuwdif;EdifiHrsm;jzpfon? xdEdifiHrsm;onfEdifiHom;ESifEdifiHa&;tcGifta&; (civil and politicalrights)t"ujzpaom wOD;csif;vwfvyr_tcGifta&;(individualfreedom)uOD;pm;ay;jy; wrBmvH;usioH;&efawmif;qdonf?

,Ofaus;rESifudufnDaomvl@tcifta&;t,tq (culturalreletivism)on vl@tzJ@tpnf;wckvH;.tcifta&; (collectiverights) udOD;pm;ay;on t,ltqay:wif tajccHon?

vl@tcGifta&;t,tqEifywfoufI xnfoGif;pOf;pm;&mwiftjynjynqdif&mvl@tcGifta&;t,tqESif ,Ofaus;rESifudufnDaomvl@tcGifta&;t,tq uJjym;jcm;em;r&onfudxnhoGif;pOf;pm;&ayrn?

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Indivisibility of human rights (vl@tcGifta&;tm;v;cJjcm;r&b wqufwpywn;&jcif;) vl@tcGifta&;tm;v; cJjcm;r&bJ wqufwpyfwnf;&r_ (Indivisibility of

human rights) t,ltqjzpfonf? tcsdK@aomv@tzJ@tpnf;rsm;/ edifiHrsm;onf trsdK;pHvSaomvl@tcGifta&;rsm;xJrS

wcsdK@udoma&;cs,I usifoH;rnf[kq=uonf? jrefrmEdifiHonf vl@tcGifta&;trsdK;tpm;tenf;qH;udom usifoH;cGijyKaomEdifiHrsm;pm&if;wGifyg0ifjyD;/ puif'Dae;AD,m;EdifiHrsm;rSm vl@tcGifta&;trsdK;tpm;trsm;qH; usifoH;aom edifiHrsm;jzpfonf?

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vl@tcGihta&;vyf&m;orsm;on xdod@ vl@tcGifta&;cJjcm;xm;rESifa&;cs,usifoH;r_ud awmfvSeftHwkonftaejzivl@tcGifta&;rsm;tm;v; cJjcm;r&bJ wpkwpnf;wn;&a=umi;t,ltqu wifjyvm=uon?

rsufarSmuacw vl@tcGifta&;taw;tac:rsm;wif vl@tcGifta&;rsm;tm;v; cJjcm;r&bJ wqufwpyfwn; wnf&aejcif;[laom t,ltqrSm tm;aumi;pm csDwufvsu&onf?

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xd@a=umivl@tcGifta&;t,tqrsmta=umif; oH;oyf&mwGifatmuyge,y,rsm;u xnfwGif;pOf;pm;&evdtyfon? pdwf"gwfcGeftm;tcGifta&;(Human rights as moral rights) Oya't&umuG,fapmifa&mufay;Edifaom tcGifta&; (Justicibility

of rights)

awmif;qr_ESif todtrSwfjyKr_(Claims and social recognition) yifrtcGifta&;ESi qifyGm;tcGifta&;(Core rights and derivative

rights)

tjynfjynqdif&mvl@tcGita&;ESif ,Ofaus;r_ESiudufnDaomtcGita&;(Universal human rights Vs cultural reletivism)

vl@tcGifta&;rsm;tm;vH; cJjcm;r&bJ wqufwpyfwnf;&jcif;(indivisibility of human rights)

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Thank you!