GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

HPR 451

GOALS VS. OBJECTIVES Goals are broad, objectives are (more)

specific Objectives are a means of measuring

whether or not goals are met Goals may be (or sound) “subjective”

but well-written objectives are “objective,” (makes sense, doesn’t it)

WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT? They keep the treatment on target and

measurable Without them, unable to assess whether

the treatment was effective Must be coordinated with the length of

stay which keeps decreasing in healthcare

Allowing clients to participate in developing goals increases their sense of control over their situation and motivation to improve

Insurance companies want clients to be involved in tx process

WHAT WOULD BE A GOOD GOAL FOR: Art program? (drawing, painting, sculpture) Music program? (vocal or instrumental) Book/reading program? (any type) Film appreciation program? (any genre) Computer instruction program? (graphics, web

instruction) Bowling program? (any level) Canoeing? (any level)

MY GOAL Use water exercise instruction to

enhance the physical health and psychological well-being of participantsSubjective, not really assessable or

measurableWill need to draw out measurable elements

for the objectives

OTHER SAMPLE GOALS To increase functional leisure skills To increase leisure awareness To increase social interaction To complete community reintegration

program To increase awareness of stress

management techniques To increase awareness of relaxation

methods To increase assertiveness To increase anger management skills

To decrease physical aggression To decrease verbal outbursts To improve time management skills To maintain cognitive level To develop discharge plan Others???

Increase awareness of nonalcohol-related behavior

Decrease anxiety Increase insight into personal value

system Increase awareness of alternative

leisure activities Improve physical endurance

BEHAVIORAL OR PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

Very Specific Written to be Measurable/Assessable

Should be possible for anyone (trained) to observe and determine if objectives are met

Frequently used in TR/RT or in medical/allied health areas Insurers including Medicare/Medicaid want to see

that interventions or treatments lead to outcomesWhy do something if it isn’t effective???

Behavior + Condition + Criteria

ASSESSMENT IS THE FOUNDATION

Assessment

Goals

Objectives

CriteriaCondition

Performance(Behavior)

EXAMPLES After completing the “Learn to Bowl”

program, John will demonstrate familiarity with the rules of bowling by accurately describing them when asked to do so by his instructor (as assessed by the instructor)Condition: After completing….Behavior: demonstrateCriteria: accurately describing when asked

to do as assessed by instructor

ANOTHER EXAMPLE During ball practice, all participants in

the softball skills program will hit a pitched ball into fair territory at least 20% of the timeCondition: During ball practiceBehavior: hit a pitched ball Criteria: into fair territory at least 20% of

the time

WHERE TO START… Think about the “benefits to

participants” – this should guide your objectives (and goals)

Physical/exercise activities: Improve tolerance, improve skill, learn new

skills, learn the rules, learn about use of equipment, learn specific habits (check heart rate, drink water, etc.), learn/improve sportsmanship

OTHER ACTIVITIES Creative/visual arts:

Learn technique, skills, care of instrument, reading music, using oil paint, water color, etc. create a specific thing, learn a piece of music, a part in a play, write a monologue, perform in front of others, etc.

Social/person skills: (many types of activities)Work in groups, lead group or activity,

make speech, instruct, present, work/play/participate without conflict, contribute efforts toward goal, recruit or attract others into activity or program, organize or assist with event, manage or complete tasks as requested, etc.

EXAMPLES FROM MY PROGRAM Participants in the water exercise

program will have an exercise tolerance of 45 minutes at the conclusion of the 4-week program (level II – could be 1 hr, etc.)

All participants in the water exercise program will learn how to check pulse or heart rate and to adjust exercise intensity accordingly

WHAT ARE YOUR GOALS? (PERSONAL OR PROFESSIONAL/EDUCATIONAL)

Graduate? What objectives do you need to achieve first?

Get a good (or better) job? What objectives do you need to achieve first?

Recreational goals – golf a certain score; run a certain speed/distance; make a quilt; learn to play/sing a piece of music; complete a painting, etc. What objectives do you need to achieve first?

FUNCTIONAL GOALS Cognitive

Improve time management skills

Increase attention spanImprove memoryEnhance leisure awarenessIncrease knowledge of community leisure resources

Increase leisure-related skills

PsychologicalIncrease anger controlImprove self-esteemDecrease depressionIncrease motivation for leisureIncrease leisure-related skills

PhysicalIncrease physical fitnessIncrease flexibilityIncrease leisure-related skillsIncrease enduranceImprove balanceIncrease strengthImprove eye-hand coordination

Social Improve social skillsIncrease cooperationIncrease leisure-related skills

Improve impulse control

QUALITY OF LIFE/FUNCTIONAL GOALS Establish friendships/Improve social skills Explore spirituality/improve reading skills

(e.g., through sacred and secular literature) Sexual relations/learn to use sexual aids for a

person with a spinal cord injury Creative expression/improve fine motor skills Increased autonomy/improve decision-making

skills Self-determination/provide opportunities to

make decisions and use abilities Broaden leisure interests and abilities/increase

leisure awareness, skills, and resources