HPE Summary PowerPoint 2000
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Transcript of HPE Summary PowerPoint 2000
Human Performance EngineeringA Systems Approach to Operations
Excellence
Concord Associates, Inc.Systems Performance Engineers
9737 Cogdill RoadKnoxville, TN 37932
(865) 675-0930
www.concordassoc.com
The “Socio-Technical” System
Administrative Controls, Procedures, Job Aids
Facilities and Support Organizations
personnel
software
hardware
Human performance engineering matches system demands to human capabilities and limitations and builds the support systems to assure human performance levels are maintained within design requirements.
Selection
Mgmt. Controls Supervision
Procedures Job Aids
Initial Training
Experience & Continuous
TrainingErgonomics
Entry Level
Min Qual.
KnowledgeSkills
AbilitiesAptitudesAttitudes
CognitivePhysiologicalPsychological
Social
Systems Engineering Design
• Life cycle - concept, design, development, operation, decommissioning
• Top down - mission, system, functions, equipment and personnel requirements
• Integrated (iterative) human-system design with testing in all phases
• Front-end loaded• Comprehensive documentation
Assess ExistingSystems
SystemicProblems ?
ProgramRequirements
ContinuousImprovement
Program
HPE DESIGN
Human ErrorConOpsTrainingProceduresHMIMeaures/ Feedback
ProposedNear-Term
Fixes
YES
NO
NO
YESSpecific
Problems ?Evaluation Report MOCProgram
The HPE Process
Human Performance Engineering
HPE
Measurementand
Feedback
HumanError
AssessmentConduct
of Operations
HumanFactors
Engineering PersonnelSubsystems
(Training,Qualification,
Staffing)
Procedures
Human Error Assessment
• Prospective (PHA)– Validity of operator action as a safeguard– Eliminate error-likely situations– Assess likelihood of success/error
• Retrospective (Root Cause)– Human error mechanism
– Contributing factors– Barriers– Impact of enhancements
Human Reliability Analysis Techniques
• OPHRA (Concord)
• Others– THERP (Swain and Guttmann)– SLIM, SLIM-MAUD (BNL, Embrey)– Simulation Model (e.g., SAINT, Siegel, HOS)– OAT (Wreathall), OAET (EG&G)– HEART (Williams)– MAPP (ORNL)– ATHEANA (NRC)
FAILURE
The OPHRA Operations Model
UnitOperator
Correct ActionChosen?
Opportunityto Perform?
FAILURE
Knowledge& Abilities Stress
Access tooperating area
Equipmentoperability
Time to actSystem informationavailable
NO
FEEDBACK
YES
Success
YES
NO
Cue to Action
Conduct of Operations Requirements
Written policies, requirements and guidelines for control of operations activities.
ConOps requirements provide a clear and concise statement of management expectations that establishes a basis for commitment of all employees to operations excellence.
Conops
Well-defined, documented and enforced Conduct of Operations requirements help to control the variability in human performance and keep the system within specified bounds.
Safety Boundary
Optimum
Minimum Performance (Compliance)
Operational Excellence
Design Limit
Typical elements of Conduct of Operations
requirements include:
• Procedure Compliance
• Procedure Writing, V&V
• Communications
• Drills, Monitored Evol.
• Operation Evaluations
• Required Reading
• Safety Observer
• Equip./Piping Labeling
• Control of On-Shift Training
• Shift Turnover• Narrative Logs• Operating Logs• Control Room Activities
• Control of Equipment and System Status
• Timely Instructions to Operators
• Verification• Management of Change
Considerations in implementing enhanced
Conduct of Operations requirements
• Formality and rigor appropriate to risk and importance • Optimize use of existing good stuff - consolidate,
reorganize, increase accessibility and visibility; but don't re-invent
• DO NOT create the impression that you are adding one more "program" - document, clarify, enhance, enforce
• Clearly identify responsibilities and individual accountability• Identify benefits (what's in it for me)• Involve and communicate with all staff levels; get build-in,
not buy-in• Early and continued management support and visibility
Personnel Subsystem Issues Directly Impacting Human Performance
• Personnel selection, entry-level qualifications
• Job design, team, organizational design, staffing levels
• Training, qualification, certification• Fitness for duty, shift work• Career progression
Systems Analysis
ImplementDevelop
Design
Analyze
Evaluate
Performance-Based Training
ISDPROCESS
• Systems approach to training• Training needs driven by job performance
requirements• Training is ONE means to attain desired levels
of performance• Learning objectives based on knowledge,
skills, and abilities required to perform the job acceptably
Performance-Based Training
Performance Based Training (Continued)
• Training media, materials, instruction designed to attain specific learning objectives within constraints
• Testing directly related to learning objectives• Continuous measurement and evaluation of
training effectiveness• Thorough documentation of training decisions• Continuous improvement process
Training and Procedures
There’s more to training and procedures than just training on procedures!!
Procedures are an operating aid for use by qualified,well-trained
operators.
Procedure Classification
Moderate - high frequency
Low complexity
Low consequence
Low - moderate frequency
Moderate complexity
Moderate consequence
Low or very high frequency
Moderate - high complexity
Moderate- high consequence
No Procedure
Reference
In-Hand Use
Human Factors Guidelines
The catalyst tank level must be above 12’. The oil level in ACC034 must also be sufficient. Once that is done, startup gland seal by opening appropriate valves. At the proper time the catalyst feed pump may be started.
Before
Human Factors Guidelines
1.1 VERIFY Catalyst Makeup Tank level is greater than 12 feet.
NOTE: The dip stick has four marks, each indicating 1/4 level.
1.2 IF oil level in sump is below 3/4,
THEN FILL sump with ACC034 oil.
CAUTION
Vessel over pressurization or depressurization may occur if the following steps are not performed properly.
1.3 VERIFY CFP-001, Catalyst Feed Pump Suction Valve is OPEN.
1.4 LINE UP gland seal as follow:
1.4.1 OPEN GS-750, Catalyst Feed Pump Gland Seal Supply.
1.4.2 OPEN GS-751, Catalyst Feed Pump Gland Seal Return.
1.5 START CFP-001, Catalyst Feed Pump.
After
System
Functions
Tasks/Jobs
Personnel
Interface
Issues in Human-System Design
mission success, system performance requirements,
user needs/satisfaction
requirements analysis, allocation to human, hardware,
software, facilities
task requirements, conditions, demands on humans - time, accuracy,
precision, perception, vigilance
capabilities/limitations - knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes; physiological,
psychological, cognitive, social
facilities, workspace, controls, displays, habitability, accessibility,
protective equipment
7/29/98 Concord Associates, Inc. 40Integration of Human Factors into the Systems Engineering Process
Incidents,Oper. Data
Audits, Reg.Reviews
EmployeeFeedback
Lessons Learned(Mods /Futu re Designs)
Conti nuousPerformanceImprovement- HF E Design- Procedures- Training- M gt . Systs- Human Resources
Integrated AcceptanceTesting
Conceptual Design,Requirements Definition
PreliminaryDesign
Detailed DesignProcurement &Construction
TurnoverOperations &Maintenance
HumanInterfaceOperat ionalTest ing
ProceduresWalkdowns
IntegratedSoftwareTest ing
Facilit iesAcceptanceTest ing
PersonnelQuali ficationsTest ing
Detail ed Task,Workload, andTi meline Analysis
Detailed DesignHum an-MachineInterfaces
Detailed DesignProcedures & Doc. Design
Detailed DesignSof tware/DataSystems
Detailed DesignFacilit ies
Detailed DesignPersonnelSubsystem
Training Prog.Des. Complete
HFEDetailedDesignT &E
InitiateTrainingProgram
HFE Preliminary DesignHFE Conceptual Design
Process Safety Analysis
Requirem entsSynthesis
Prelimi naryPhase T &E
TradeoffStudies
DesignConcepts
PersonnelSubsystemRequirem ents
Facility/Environ.Requirem ents
Sof tware/DataInterfaceRequirem ents
Procedures & Documentat ionRequirem ents
Equip InterfaceRequirements/Concepts
T&E P lan
Conceptual/ Inherent Safety AnalysisSi ting/Emergency Response PlanningQRA (when warranted)
Preliminary PHA Fi nal PHA 5-yr Updates (Reevaluation)MOC Updates
Analyze sim ilarsystem experience
Top-Level Requirem ents
Funct ion anal ysis/ allocat ion
Task and operational sequence anal ysis
Prepare HF E methods & data
Preli minary staff inganal ysis, roles, maintenance concepts
T&E Requirem entsDefinit ion
Human Reliabili ty Analysis
HFE Detailed Design Operational HFEProgram
F eedba ck
Concord Associ ates, Inc. 9/96
Operational Performance Feedback
LessonsLearned
Operational Experience
Sources
Analysis
• Audits• Self Assessments• Perf. Measures• Incident Reports• Near-Miss Reports• Industry Events• Govt. Reports• ER Drills• Training• Evaluations• Self-Reports• PHA Findings
• Root Cause• Performance Trends• Reliability Analysis• Human Error Analysis• Equipment Failure
Analysis• Training Needs• Systems Analysis
Information Management System System Users
Effective measures will:
• Discriminate degrees of success/failure as precisely as necessary
• Monitor performance on a continuous basis• Help move from audits to performance
management (reactive to proactive)• Clarify the relationships among performance
variables (indicators); i.e., support a "systems view"
Multiple Levels and Measurement Issues
Goals ManagementDesign
Organization Goals
Organization Design
Organization Management
Process Goals
Process Design
Process Management
Job/Individual Goals
Job/Individual Design
Job/Individual Management
Authority Referenced Measures
Involve all stakeholders to identify measure needs, objectives, constraints
Select authority, and extract rating strategies
Synthesize a measure that can be used by everyone to evaluate performance and get the same ratings as the authority.
Implementation Strategy
• Establish Human Factors Requirements– Complete life cycle– Human-centered design and operations
– Part of integrated performance management - safety, quality, environment, productivity
• Build in acceptance (involvement at all levels)
• Staged incremental implementation - policy, education, demonstration, implementation
Order of Implementation
• Human Factors Requirements (apply to new designs and PHAs immediately)
• ConOps
• Procedures (overlaps ConOps procedure use)
• Training
• Feedback, Lessons Learned, Measures
• Human Factors Design Improvements (existing facilities)
HPE - Pathway to Operations Excellence
The Valley of Compliance
The Peaks of Excellence