HOW WILL COLONIAL PAST AFFECT AMERICAN FUTURE? What were colonists mad about? Discuss with partners:...
Transcript of HOW WILL COLONIAL PAST AFFECT AMERICAN FUTURE? What were colonists mad about? Discuss with partners:...
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HOW WILL COLONIAL PAST AFFECT AMERICAN FUTURE?• What were colonists mad about?
• Discuss with partners: specific grievances and how newly independent America will try to deal with them
• Examples
• Paying taxes
• Not being able to move west
• Not being represented enoughLet’s see how they deal with each of these issues…
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Mr. Richardson, MAT
GHHS
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
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SETTING THE STAGE• Oct 1777 – Saratoga, 5k
British soldiers captured in upstate New York
• At this point, colonies are very much like 13 different colonies.
• 2nd Continental Congress is running the war, publishes Dec. of Independence
• Three names to associate: Jefferson, Adams, Hancock
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AFTER DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
• Begin planning for self-government.
• Precedents?
• Mayflower Compact (1620), House of Burgesses (1607)
• 1776 Virginia (VA) constitution
• Written by George Mason, limits VA governor
• 1777 Massachusetts (MA) constitution
• Written by John Adams: bicameral, Bill of Rights
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STATE CONSTITUTIONS• Republicanism.
• Most had strong governors with veto power.
• Most had bicameral legislatures.
• Property required for voting.
• Some had universal white male suffrage.
• Most had bills of rights.
• Many had a continuation of state-established religions while others disestablished religion.
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OCCUPATIONAL COMPOSITION OF SEVERAL STATE ASSEMBLIES IN THE 1780S
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FORMING A NEW GOVERNMENT• A Republic
• Republicanism- Government is based on the consent of the people.
• States maintained their own constitutions.
• The need for a national government persisted.
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THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
• The Articles were written in 1777 by John Dickinson, a Pennsylvania statesman
• All 13 states had to approv
• The Articles were accepted by Congress in 1781 and is considered the first national constitution
• Shared fundamental powers between the states & Congress
• Called a Confederation:an alliance.
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STRUCTURE OF ARTICLES
• Unicameral (single house) legislative body
• Each state had one vote regardless of population size
• Congress given sole authority to govern the country
• Congress would establish temporary courts to hear disputes among the states
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THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
• Fear of the government having too much power
• In the Articles, the state governments limit the power of the national Congress
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STRENGTHS OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION: SETTLING WESTERN LANDS
• The Land Ordinance of 1785, stated that land in the west was to be surveyed using a grid system to establish 6 mile blocks
• The Northwest Ordinance 1787 assisted in the orderly expansion of the United States, it outlined a plan for applying for statehood to western territories• 5,000 free males who own 50 acres can start govt
• Population of 60,000 could become a state
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INDIAN LAND CESSIONS:1768-1799
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DISPUTED TERRITORIAL CLAIMSBETWEEN SPAIN & THE U. S.:1783-1796
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STATE CLAIMS TO WESTERN LAND
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LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785
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SETTLING WESTERN LANDS
• The Northwest Ordinance provides an orderly settlement process in the West
• It promised• no slavery
• education
• freedom of religion
• trial by jury
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NORTHWEST TERRITORY
• The Northwest Territory was east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. The states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin would be formed from this area.
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PROBLEMS OF TAXATION• States send 2.4 of 15
million dollars requested by Congress
• Not paying our debts
• Newberg Conspiracy
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REASONS FOR SHAYS’ REBELLION
• Farmers are required to pay debts in gold, they have no money because they were not paid during the war
• Wealthy lawmakers invested their money in the war too. And seek to get money from the farmers debts
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DANIEL SHAYS & HIS REASONS• Daniel Shays- Revolutionary War
Veteran & farmer in debt.
• Poor farmers are not represented in the Mass legislature and cannot pass debt relief laws
• The rebellion will free debtors from prisons and close courts that are hearing cases against farmers
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SHAYS’ REBELLION 1787-Formed an army of 1,200 farmers
-Marched towards arsenal in Springfield
-The Mass. militia is called out to stop it- Result: 4 rebels killed
-Shays’ Rebellion will prompt national leaders to create a stronger central government
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SAMUEL ADAMS
• “Rebellion against a king may be pardoned, or lightly punished, but the man who dares to rebel against the laws of a republic ought to suffer death”
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THOMAS JEFFERSON
• "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing. It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government. God forbid that we should ever be twenty years without such a rebellion."
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CALL FOR CONVENTION• Problems:
• Trade between states
• Taxes on goods
• Madison & Hamilton called for convention in Annapolis, Maryland 1786
• 5 states sent delegates
• Failure
• Shay’s Rebellion got attention= Convention in 1787 in Philadelphia
• 12 states sent delegates
• Rhode Island did not
55 Delegates total- merchants, lawyers, planters.
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KEY CONFLICTS: CENTRAL GOVERNMENT VS. STATES
Strong Central Government:
-Authority comes from the people
-The central government should be stronger than the states
Strong States:
-Authority comes from the states
-The states should remain stronger than the central government
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KEY CONFLICTS: LARGE VS. SMALL STATESLarge States:
-Congress should be 2 houses
-Delegates should be assigned based on population size
Small States:
-Congress should remain unicameral (1 house)
-Each state should have one vote
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KEY CONFLICTS: NORTH VS. SOUTH
North:
-Slaves should not be counted when assigning delegates
-Slaves should be counted when levying taxes
South:
-Slaves should be counted when assigning delegates
-Slaves should not be counted when levying taxes