How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers...

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How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices Susheel Aroskar Cloud Gateway

Transcript of How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers...

Page 1: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices

Susheel AroskarCloud Gateway

Page 2: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Why do we need push?

Page 3: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of
Page 4: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

How I spend my time in Netflix application...

Page 5: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

● What is push?

Page 6: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

● What is push?● How you can build it

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● What is push?● How you can build it● How you can operate it

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● What is push?● How you can build it● How you can operate it● What can you do with it

Page 9: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Susheel Aroskar

Senior Software EngineerCloud Gateway

[email protected]

github.com/raksoras @susheelaroskar

mailto:[email protected]
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PERSISTUNTILSOMETHINGHAPPENS

Page 11: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

PERSISTUNTILSOMETHINGHAPPENS

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Zuul Push Architecture

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Zuul Push Servers

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Zuul Push Servers

WebSockets / SSE

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Push Registry

Zuul Push Servers

Register User

WebSockets / SSE

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Push Registry

Zuul Push Servers

Register User

WebSockets / SSE

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Push Library

Push Registry

Zuul Push Servers

Register User

WebSockets / SSE

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Push Library

Push Message Queue

Push Registry

Zuul Push Servers

Register User

WebSockets / SSE

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Message Processor

Push Library

Push Message Queue

Push Registry

Zuul Push Servers

Register User

WebSockets / SSE

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Message Processor

Push Library

Push Message Queue

Push Registry

Zuul Push Servers

Register User

WebSockets / SSE

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Message Processor

Push Library

Push Message Queue

Push Registry

Zuul Push Servers

Register User

Lookup server

WebSockets / SSE

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Message Processor

Push Library

Push Message Queue

Push Registry

Zuul Push Servers

Register User

Lookup server

Deliver message

WebSockets / SSE

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Handling millions of persistent connections

Zuul Push server

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C10K challenge

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Socket Socket

Thread per Connection

Thread-1 Thread-2

Read

WriteWrite

Read

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Socket Socket

Thread per Connection

Thread-1 Thread-2

Read

WriteWrite

Read

Async I/O

Socket

read callback

write callback

Socket

Single Threadread

callbackwrite

callback

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SOCKET

ChannelInboundHandler

ChannelInboundHandler

ChannelOutboundHandler

ChannelOutboundHandler

Channel Pipeline

Head Tail

Netty

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protected void addPushHandlers(ChannelPipeline pl) {

pl.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());

pl.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator());

pl.addLast(getPushAuthHandler());

pl.addLast(new WebSocketServerCompressionHandler());

pl.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler());

pl.addLast(getPushRegistrationHandler());

}

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Authenticate by Cookies, JWT or any other custom scheme

Plug in your custom authentication policy

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Tracking clients’ connectionMetadata in real-time

Push Registry

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public class MyRegistration extends PushRegistrationHandler {

@Override

protected void registerClient(

ChannelHandlerContext ctx,

PushUserAuth auth,

PushConnection conn,

PushConnectionRegistry registry) {

super.registerClient(ctx, authEvent, conn, registry);

ctx.executor().submit(() -> storeInRedis(auth));

}

}

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Push registry features checklist

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● Low read latency

Push registry features checklist

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● Low read latency● Record expiry

Push registry features checklist

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● Low read latency● Record expiry● Sharding

Push registry features checklist

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● Low read latency● Record expiry● Sharding● Replication

Push registry features checklist

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Page 38: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

What we use

https://github.com/Netflix/dynomite

Redis + Auto-sharding+ Read/Write quorum+ Cross-region replication

Dynomite

https://github.com/Netflix/dynomite
https://github.com/Netflix/dynomite
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Message Processing

Queue, RouteDeliver

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We use Kafka message queues to decouple message senders from receivers

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Fire and Forget

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Cross-region Replication

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Different queues for different priorities

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We run multiple message processor instances in parallel to scale our message processing throughput.

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Operating Zuul Push Different than REST of them

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Persistent connections make Zuul Push server stateful

Long lived stable connections

Page 47: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Persistent connections make Zuul Push server stateful

Long lived stable connections○ Great for client efficiency

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Persistent connections make Zuul Push server stateful

Long lived stable connections○ Great for client efficiency○ Terrible for quick deploy/rollback

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If you love your clients set them free...

Tear down connections periodically

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Randomize each connection’s lifetime

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#

reco

nnec

ts

Time

Effect of randomizing connection lifetime on reconnect peaks

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Ask client to close its connection.

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Most connections are idle!

How to optimize push server

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BIG Server, tons of connections

ulimit -n 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem="4096 87380

16777216"

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem="4096 87380

16777216"

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Page 56: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of
Page 57: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Goldilocks strategy

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Optimize for cost, NOT instance count

✓

$$ $$

❌

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How to auto-scale?

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How to auto-scale?

RPS? CPU??

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How to auto-scale?

RPS? CPU??

Open Connections

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Amazon Elastic Load Balancers cannot proxy WebSockets.

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Solution - Run ELB as a TCP load balancer

7 Application

6 Presentation

5 Session

4 Transport

3 Network

2 Data link

1 Physical

HTTP

TCP

IP

Ethernet

OSI 7 network layers (conceptual)

HTTP over TCP/IP

Layer 7 HTTP (WebSocket Upgrade Request)

Layer 4 TCP

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Managing push cluster - a quick recap

● Recycle connections after tens of minutes

Page 65: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Managing push cluster - a quick recap

● Recycle connections after tens of minutes● Randomize each connection’s lifetime

Page 66: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Managing push cluster - a quick recap

● Recycle connections after tens of minutes● Randomize connection’s lifetime● More number of smaller servers >> few BIG servers

Page 67: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Managing push cluster - a quick recap

● Recycle connections after tens of minutes● Randomize connection’s lifetime● More number of smaller servers >> few BIG servers● Auto-scale on number of open connections per box

Page 68: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Managing push cluster - a quick recap

● Recycle connections after tens of minutes● Randomize connection’s lifetime● More number of smaller servers >> few BIG servers● Auto-scale on number of open connections per box● WebSocket aware vs TCP load balancer

Page 69: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

If you build it,They will push

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On-demand diagnostics

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Remote recovery

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User messaging

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WHAT WILL YOU

USE IT FOR?

Page 74: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Call to action

Page 75: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

PULL!

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PULL!

https://github.com/Netflix/zuul

https://github.com/Netflix/zuul
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In conclusion, push can make you

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In conclusion, push can make you rich (in functionality),

Page 79: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

In conclusion, push can make you rich (in functionality), thin (by getting rid of polling)

Page 80: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

In conclusion, push can make you rich (in functionality), thin (by getting rid of polling) and happy!

Page 81: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Thank you.

Page 82: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Questions? Susheel Aroskar

Senior Software EngineerCloud Gateway

[email protected]

github.com/raksoras@susheelaroskar

mailto:[email protected]
Page 83: How we scaled push messaging for millions of Netflix devices · Push Registry Zuul Push Servers Register User Lookup server Deliver message WebSockets / SSE . Handling millions of

Rich, exciting Apps

More efficient systems

Easy to customize

Easy to operate

Zuul Push

Battle tested


BAY FILLY - Magic Millions - Magic Millions

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TV Push - Push INOX - Stand 2019-04 - REMS Push - Push INOX...TV Push - Push INOX - Stand 2019-04.indd Created Date 4/4/2019 7:36:09 AM ...

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Congruent Push Left Push Right Push Left Push Right Incongruent HEARTS & FLOWERS Press Return.

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Sending hundreds of millions of push notifications with a scalable, serverless architecture using AWS Lambda - AWS Serverless Web Day

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SYSTÈME KAN-therm Push Push Platinum

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Delivering Millions of Push Notifications in Minutes

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Netflix Zuul - imag · Le statut de Netflix 100 Millions d’abonnés Utilisable sur plus de 1000 appareils 50,000 requêtes par secondes Présent dans 190 pays

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PUSH SPORTS ELBOW BRACE PUSH SPORTS PUSH SPORTS ...

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Push Push Platinum - KAN-therm

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Delivering push notifications to millions of mobile devices

Delivering push notifications to millions of mobile devices

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