How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study
-
Upload
maria-sanchez -
Category
Education
-
view
304 -
download
0
Transcript of How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study
![Page 1: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Thanks for Coming
We will start in just a moment
![Page 2: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
How to Know if a Quantitative Research
Design Is Appropriate for Your Thesis
![Page 3: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Taken from: Wiersma, W. & Jurs, S.G. (2009). Research methods in education: An introduction (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
• Deductive • Look for relationships, effects, causes • Theory-based • Focused on individual variables • Context- free (Generalizations) • Detached role of researcher • Statistical analysis
(Wiersma & Jurs, 2009, p. 15)
![Page 4: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
When to Choose Quantitative Research
If you are interested in:
• Determining relationships, effects, and/or causes
• Testing theories, models, approaches (even if that is not an explicit goal of the study, but theoretical principles are important in one way or another)
![Page 5: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Quantitative Research Designs
• Pre-experimental: Little or no control
• Experimental: High degree of control
• Quasi-experimental: Minor level of control because random selection or assignment is not possible. Statistics is used to improve the control of variables
![Page 6: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pre-Experimental Designs
• Case study • One group pretest –
posttest • Static group comparison or
cross-sectional
![Page 7: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Case Study Design
• Description: One group is studied after applying a treatment or intervention
• Diagram: X O2 X = Treatment O2 = Posttest
• Threats to validity: Little or no control of the effect of variables, history, maturation, selection, mortality, and interaction effects of selection biases and the experimental treatment
![Page 8: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
One Group Pretest-Posttest Design
• Description: The dependent variable is measured, the treatment or intervention is applied, and the dependent variable is measured again
• Diagram: O1 X O2 O1 = Pretest X = Treatment O2 = Posttest • Threats to validity: History, maturation,
instrumentation, mortality, selection- maturation interaction, reactive effect of testing, and interaction effects of selection biases and the experimental treatment
![Page 9: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Static Group Comparison or Cross- Sectional Design
• Description: A group to which a treatment has been applied is compared to another group that has not experienced it
• Diagram: X O2 X = Treatment O2 = Posttest -‐-‐ O2
• Threats to validity: Selection, mortality, reactive effect of testing, and interaction effects of selection biases and the experimental treatment
![Page 10: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Experimental Designs
• Randomized posttest groups • Pretest- posttest control group • Solomon four groups • Factorial
![Page 11: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Descrip(on: Two groups are compared using pos@est and random assignment of subjects and treatment to control prior differences
• Diagram: R X O2 R = Randomization X = Treatment O2 = Posttest
R -‐ O2
• Threats to validity: The change of the experimental group cannot be measured
Randomized Posttest Groups Design
![Page 12: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Description: Two groups are compared using pretest and posttest and random assignment of subjects and treatment
• Diagram: R O1 X O2 R = Randomization O1 = Pretest X = Treatment O2 = Posttest
R O1 - O2
• Threats to validity: Reactive effect of testing
Pretest –Posttest Control Group Design
![Page 13: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Description: To address the reactive effect of testing, two control groups are added to the pretest-posttest control group design; one without taking pretest and another one without pretest and treatment
• Diagram: R O1 X O2 R O1 - O2
R - X O2
R - - O2 R = Randomization O1 = Pretest X = Treatment O2 = Posttest • Threats to validity: None by itself
Solomon Four Groups Design
![Page 14: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Descrip(on: The different levels of two or more independent variables (factors) are considered to establish not only their effects on the dependent variable but also the ones caused by the interacMon among them
• Diagram: R X11 O (Notation of a 2 X 2 factorial design) R X12 O
R X21 O
R X22 O R = Randomization X11 = Factor 1, level 1 X12 = Factor 1, level 2 X21 = Factor 2, level 1 X22 = Factor 2, level 2 O = Measurement
• Threats to validity: None by itself
Factorial Design
![Page 15: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Quasi-Experimental Designs
• Nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group • Counterbalanced • Time series
![Page 16: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Description: Two groups are compared using pretest and posttest. There is not random assignment of subjects since they are already in groups
• Diagram: O1 X O2 O1 = Pretest X = Treatment O2 = Posttest
O1 - O2 • Threats to validity: Selection, statistical regression,
and reactive effect of testing
Non Randomized Pretest –Posttest Control Group Design
![Page 17: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Description: The order in which treatments are administrated is changed during the study so as to test every subject for all the considered conditions
• Basic Diagram : G1 XA XB O
G2 XB XA O
X = Treatment G = Group O = Measurement
• Threats to validity: Multiple treatment interference
Counterbalanced Design
![Page 18: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Description: The dependent variable is measured
several times before applying a treatment and then a
new series of measurement is performed
• Diagram : O1 O2 … X Oi… On
X = Treatment O = Measurement
• Threats to validity: History and reactive effect of
testing
Time Series Design
![Page 19: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Now you know: Any question?
1. Characteristics of quantitative research
2. When to choose quantitative research
3. Types of quantitative research designs
4. Description, basic diagram, and threats to validity of each type of design
![Page 20: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
February is Coaching Month • Each week will introduce and focus on a different coach • Lots of new helpful hints per phase of doctoral work • Additional videos in the interviews • Ask questions during webinars • Members have professors on Skype
I invite you to read: My professor hints about coaching at http://doctoralnet.com/maria.html The challenges of each phase at: http://doctoralnet.com/starting-phd-research/phase-1-files/professor-hints/item/825-maria-sanchezphase1.html (phase 1) http://doctoralnet.com/beginning-to-write-phd-thesis/professor-hints-phase-2/item/827-maria-sanchezphase2.html (phase 2) http://doctoralnet.com/finishing-phd-thesis/professor-hints-phase-3/item/828-maria-sanchezphase3.html (phase 3) And my interview at http://doctoralnet.com/home/about-us/interview-with-prof-maria-sanchez-patino.html
![Page 21: How to Know if a Quantitative Research Design Is Appropriate for Your Study](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051213/55a529891a28ab6c678b457d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What’s Up 4 Free @ DoctoralNet.com?
1. Community 2. Blog 3. 365 Daily InspiraMons 4. Your personal milestone
checklist – free but requires site basic registraMon
5. Want these slides? Ask for them at [email protected]