How to fingerprint a bat
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Transcript of How to fingerprint a bat
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School of Life Sciences Learning and Teaching, University of Dundee
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Identify a suitable study organism for
small scale (Honours level) projects
Obtain a sequence resource
Do interesting science
› Marker identification
› Genome comparison
› Sequence assembly
› …
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The Soprano Pipistrelle is
Scotland's most
common bat species.
Like all bats it is a
protected species.
No genome sequence
Locally accessible but
poorly understood biology and ecology
http://www.bats.org.uk/data/images/species/pipistrelle_soprano/Pip_Pyg.JPG
Potential for non-invasive monitoring by DNA analysis of faeces
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Genomic DNA from a single donated
individual
1 library (197bp fragment)
1 lane on HiSeq (paired end)
› 140 million mate pairs, 101bp reads
› 28 billion bp.
› Estimated genome size : 2.5-3.0 Gbp
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A
B
Forward primers Reverse primers
Target Length: 150-250bp fragment
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SRA
› QC
› Filter
› Error correct
› Assemble
› Around 4.7 Million contigs
N50 ~11.5 kb
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4.7 Million contigs
>400,000 repeats
Repeat search
with SciRoKo
7140 candidates
‘custom python
script’
1405 primer pairsPrimer 3
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ACACACACACACACAC
Repeat >2
ACTGACTGACTGACTGACTGACTGACTGACTGACTGACTG
90bp < Repeat <200 bp
ACTGACTGACTGACTGACTG TGACTGACTGACTGACTGAC
Inter-repeat gaps > 150 bp
ACTGACTGACTGACTGACTG
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1405 primer pairs
126 candidates
‘custom python
script’
22 primer pairs
‘manual
selection’
Lots of gelsOrder!
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Common Tm 58-60 C
Amplified fragment 150-250bp
Filter for low self-annealing/hairpin score
High complexity (no simple sequence
repeats)
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3 primer pairs from already published
data (Racey et al 2005)
7 primer pairs from other bat species
› Reported as potentially cross-species
22 novel primer pairs from our study
All with common PCR conditions.
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Do the primers amplify cleanly?
› If not, do they have potential with tweaks
Are they heterogeneous?
› Test across DNA panel from 7 bats
Do they work on DNA isolated from
pellets?
› i.e. against a very noisy background
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A:
Similar results seen on DNA extracted from
pellets but a few extra PCR cycles needed
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Most of the putative cross species markers failed and
the 2 that worked gave products outwith size
constraints for analysis.
All of the previously identified Pipistrelle markers
amplified well but require a better resolution
technology to determine if they are informative
Primer set Total pairs Failed Heterozygous Homozygous Need work
Novel22 6 9 0 7
Cross sp.7 5 0 2 0
Racey et al3 0 2 1 0
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1 HiSeq lane and straightforward
assembly is sufficient for candidate
marker identification
Careful selection at the bioinformatic
stage gives a good return of candidates.
>70% is an excellent result.
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Optimise the conditions
› Mostly small tweaks
Multiplex for genotyping
› Fluorescent labelling
Apply to populations
› Collection of bat faeces
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Thanks to:
Dr David Booth
Tayside Bat Group
Bat donors
School of Life Sciences Learning and Teaching