How to develop an entrepreneurial ecosystem inclusive of ...
Transcript of How to develop an entrepreneurial ecosystem inclusive of ...
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How to develop an entrepreneurial ecosystem inclusive of women and vulnerable populations?
Adapting to the COVID crisis
A focus on Jordan
Mediterranean Host Municipalities Learning NetworkTraining webinar series
27 May 2020
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The new context: the COVID crisis
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ILO COVID survey… findings Channels of transmission of COVID crisis in the economy
Keeping the lights on: Economic medicine for a medical shock. Richard Baldwin 13 March 2020
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The COVID crisis: flattening 2 curves
Flattening the recession curveFlattening the COVID 19 curve
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The COVID crisis: 2 phases
Phase I – Outbreak: Most current scenarios assume this phase can lastup to six months until the spread of COVID-19 is contained, althoughthis is subject to the epidemiological evolution of the disease.
Phase II – Recovery: considers the challenges the economy will faceonce the epidemic is contained and economic conditions graduallyreturn to their pre-crisis level.
➢ In addition to national policies, municipalities have a role to playlocally to foster economic recovery in an inclusive way
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ILO COVID survey… findings
Findings of the ILO FAO survey of May 1, 2020 in Jordan
• 55 % of surveyed workers reported that they had short employment duration. Precariouswork (temporary, seasonal, irregular) was more prevalent among Syrians (69 %).
• The overall percentage of Syrian respondents with valid work permits was 30 % (21 % ofwomen versus 38 % of men). Furthermore, 60 % of female workers as compared to 40 per centfor male workers had never had a work permit.
• 35 % of all Syrians who were in employment before the crisis had lost their jobspermanently, only one-half as many Jordanian workers (17 %) reported the same.
• 47 % of the respondents who were employed before the lockdown, were currently out ofwork: 13 % had been permanently dismissed; 18 % had been temporarily laid-off but expectedto resume work once the crisis is over; and 16 % were on paid leave.
• Only 9 % of the respondents reported that their household had savings. Only 13 % of allrespondents reported that their household received cash assistance.
A few facts about the impact of COVID on informal workers
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The 3 pillars of economic opportunities
Access to work
Access to finance
Access to entrepreneurship
TransportChildcare services
Decent jobs
Social norms
The 3 pillars of economic opportunities:✓ Access to work✓ Access to entrepreneurship✓ Access to finance
Economic opportunities
Women-specific
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ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES for
WOMEN
A few facts about women economic opportunities
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A few facts about women economic opportunities
Educated women dominate the labor market in Jordan
Working age and employed Jordanian women (DOS, Labor Force Survey, 2018)
1%7%
14%
49%
5%
16%
16%
9%
64%
19%
Employed Working age population
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%Bachelor & Above
IntermediateDiploma
Secondary
Less than Secondary
Illiterate
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A few facts about women economic opportunitiesGender differences – Micro and SmallEnterprises in Jordan
Women-owned businesses are:
• 11 times more likely to be home-based,
• 9.4 times more likely to hire women,
• Less likely to operate year-round,
• Less likely to use a vehicle for business,
• Less likely to be registered.
Source: USAID Jordan Local Enterprise Support Project, Survey of Jordanian Micro- and Small-Enterprises version 2.3.1(2015). http://www.jordanlens.org
Women in businesses Women as employers and own account workers
Source: World Economic Forum, The Global Gender Gap Report, 2017
Source: Department of Statistics, Labor Force Survey, 2018
19,0%
2,0%
Firms with female co-owners
Firms with females in topmanagement
8,8%
4,1%
3,1%
0,9%
Own account worker
Employer
women Men
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A few facts about women economic opportunities
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Ajlun
Aqaba
Balqa
Tafiela
Outskirts Amman
Madaba
Maan
Jaresh
Zarqa
Karak
Mafraq
Irbid
Greater Amman
All Women-owned
Home-based businesses geographical distribution by gender
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Social Norms influence all aspects of women’s labor market participation in Jordan
Only 38% believe it is acceptable for women to work in mixed-gender workplaces.
44% believe working women are exposing themselves to harassment.
35% believe working women are risking their reputation by working.
Marriage lowers acceptability of women working (to 72%).
Less than 40% believe it is acceptable for married working women to return home after 5pm.
54% acceptable to leave a child with a relative, but mothers should wait until child is 4.5 years old to work.
84% believe families with working women have lower financial status; 51% believe the husbands can’t provide enough and 31% believe the husbands aren’t “in charge”.
Source: Felicio, Mariana T. and Varun Gauri “Jordan: Understanding How Social Norms Impact Gender Employment” Project Document P161633” (2018).
12
Survey suggests men and women tend to overstate pressure from society
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Sustaining the development response to the refugee crisis
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The development response to refugee crisis
• Improve the lives of both refugees and host communities.
• Create jobs will not only enable refugees to become more self-reliant, but to maintain and improve their skills set to contribute to the economy of the host country.
➢ The economic inclusion of refugees should be sustained despite the COVID crisis, for humanitarian and development reasons.
Sustaining the development response to the refugee crisis
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Role of municipalities vs. recovery from COVID crisis
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Role of municipalities vs. recovery from the COVID crisis
What?
• Support recovery through private sector development and job creation.
• Foster economic inclusion of vulnerable populations, women and refugeesthrough access to work, finance, entrepreneurship, social protection, digitalfinance, childcare and positive social norms enabling women to work.
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Role of municipalities vs. recovery from the COVID crisis
How to improve economic opportunities ? A menu of policies
• Maintain social cohesion and refugees access to economic opportunities through dialogue,
mediation and anticipation of social tensions (if any)
• Public-private dialogues to identify private sector issues at the local level
• Promote local competitiveness/support cluster initiatives
• Streamline licensing of businesses and reduce red tape
• Public procurement for local small and medium enterprises
• Promote digital financial inclusion by paying employees and aid recipients digitally.
• Intensive public works and cash for work to create (temporary) jobs
• Identification of vulnerable populations to facilitate access to social protection
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Role of municipalities vs. recovery from the COVID crisis
How to improve women empowerment? A menu of policies
• Identification and handling of gender-based violence through legal aid
• Foster childcare provision, public or private (subsidize childcare for poorer families)
• Provision of women-friendly transportation (enforce anti-harassment)
• Support women-led businesses through public procurement
• Streamline licensing procedures for home-based businesses (mostly women)
• Support networking/mentoring activities and trade fairs for women entrepreneurs
• Inclusion of women in skills trainings and cash for work activities
• Campaigns addressing social norms and highlighting working women as role models
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Thank you