How the How the Compromise Compromise

CollapsedCollapsed

Chapter 12:Chapter 12:

The Failure of the PoliticiansThe Failure of the Politicians

Pictures/ themes painted in Pictures/ themes painted in uncle toms cabin uncle toms cabin

Galvanized- bring together, wield together (steel Galvanized- bring together, wield together (steel Is galvanized) Is galvanized)

Antebellum- pre-civil war- in the south Antebellum- pre-civil war- in the south Ignorant- uninformed Ignorant- uninformed Slavery is in opposition to ChristianitySlavery is in opposition to Christianity 1. her son died to she appreciated what it was 1. her son died to she appreciated what it was

like to separate families like to separate families 2. fugitive slave act of 1850- if a slave runs away 2. fugitive slave act of 1850- if a slave runs away

the owner can go to the free land and bring them the owner can go to the free land and bring them back and she wanted to help the free slaves but back and she wanted to help the free slaves but you could be arrested for it you could be arrested for it

How the Compromise How the Compromise CollapsedCollapsed

Ironically, President Ironically, President Pierce, Pierce, who who declared his administration would not declared his administration would not be controlled by seeking land, was the be controlled by seeking land, was the man to go full speed ahead searching man to go full speed ahead searching for new for new territoryterritory

James James Gadsden Gadsden was sent to buy the was sent to buy the northern part of Mexico and all of northern part of Mexico and all of Lower Lower California. California.

Pierre SoulPierre Soulé é went to went to Spain Spain to buy to buy Cuba. (We never bought Cuba)Cuba. (We never bought Cuba)

Then after Hawaii was reached, Pierce Then after Hawaii was reached, Pierce looked into buying Alaska from the looked into buying Alaska from the Russians Russians

How the Compromise How the Compromise CollapsedCollapsed

Mexico had no interest, Mexico had no interest, but sold a small tract but sold a small tract south of the south of the Gila RiverGila River

Northern congressmen, Northern congressmen, however, were opposed.however, were opposed.

The The Gadsden Purchase Gadsden Purchase was only approved after was only approved after 9,000 acres were 9,000 acres were removed from the removed from the treaty.treaty.

Expansion was no longer Expansion was no longer a means of a means of compromise. compromise.

Manafest Manafest destiny- god destiny- god wants it to wants it to happen happen

The Ostend ManifestoThe Ostend Manifesto President Pierce wanted President Pierce wanted

to buy Cuba for to buy Cuba for slave slave territory but Spain would territory but Spain would not sell.not sell.

Secretary of State William Secretary of State William L. Marcy sent American L. Marcy sent American ministers to ministers to Ostend Ostend in in Belgium to shape the U.S. Belgium to shape the U.S. policy of Cuba in 1854.policy of Cuba in 1854.

The “Ostend Manifesto”, The “Ostend Manifesto”, meant to be a secret meant to be a secret dispatch to Marcy, dispatch to Marcy, reached the press and reached the press and caused an uproar.caused an uproar.

Marcy and his ministers

The Ostend ManifestoThe Ostend Manifesto

The ministers advised the The ministers advised the United States to take Cuba United States to take Cuba by by force force if need be.if need be.

Pierce Pierce and Marcy claimed and Marcy claimed to not want anything to do to not want anything to do with this, but Pierce was with this, but Pierce was now labeled as now labeled as pro-slavery pro-slavery and a and a warlike Expansionist. warlike Expansionist.

The Ostend Manifesto The Ostend Manifesto firmly identified slavery firmly identified slavery with with expansion. expansion.

William L. Marcy

The Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Kansas-Nebraska Act Keeping the question of Keeping the question of

slavery slavery out of congress was out of congress was the only hope for the success the only hope for the success of the Compromise of 1850.of the Compromise of 1850.

Senator Stephen A. Douglas, Senator Stephen A. Douglas, architect of the Compromise architect of the Compromise of 1850, was the man to of 1850, was the man to revive the slavery issue in revive the slavery issue in Congress.Congress.

The American dream was to The American dream was to build a railway from the East build a railway from the East to the to the West. West.

Only organized and surveyed Only organized and surveyed land would be included land would be included because government grants because government grants controlled the railways.controlled the railways.Stephan Douglas-

illinois state senator

The Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Kansas-Nebraska Act Douglas Douglas

introduced a bill introduced a bill providing for providing for Kansas and Kansas and Nebraska Nebraska Territory.Territory.

Southerners Southerners would not want would not want a bill passed for a bill passed for anti-slavery anti-slavery states, and states, and Douglas needed Douglas needed their their votes. votes.

The Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Kansas-Nebraska Act

To win their support, To win their support, Douglas made two Douglas made two provisions.provisions.– Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise

of of 1820 1820 would be would be updated to updated to Compromise of Compromise of 18501850

– Popular Soverginty Popular Soverginty would decide whether would decide whether the two new states the two new states were free or slave were free or slave states.states.

The Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Kansas-Nebraska Act He knew the promise He knew the promise

would cause problems, would cause problems, but he felt he needed but he felt he needed southern votes and southern votes and Pierce could help him.Pierce could help him.

In In 1854, 1854, Douglas Douglas managed to have his managed to have his Kansas-Nebraska bill Kansas-Nebraska bill passed.passed. Southerners were happy, but Southerners were happy, but Northerners held protests, transforming Northerners held protests, transforming the question of slavery into a battle over the question of slavery into a battle over the spread of slavery to new the spread of slavery to new territories. territories.

Expansion and SlaveryExpansion and Slavery The The Congressional Congressional battle over slavery was about battle over slavery was about

where it did not exist and might never go.where it did not exist and might never go. Northerners did not want the expansion of slavery or Northerners did not want the expansion of slavery or

to live near and compete with to live near and compete with blacks. blacks. Several Several Midwestern Midwestern states banned blacks.states banned blacks. Southerners felt it was an attempt to bar them and Southerners felt it was an attempt to bar them and

their property from their property from territories. territories. The thought the north was trying The thought the north was trying

to prevent them from to prevent them from growing. growing.

The New Republican PartyThe New Republican Party

In the North, the Kansas-Nebraska bill was In the North, the Kansas-Nebraska bill was greeted by anger. Parties were formed to greeted by anger. Parties were formed to resist resist slavery expansion.slavery expansion.

July 6, 1854, two new parties were July 6, 1854, two new parties were founded. One new party was the founded. One new party was the Republican Republican party, who took their platform party, who took their platform against slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, against slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Fugitive Slave Act.and the Fugitive Slave Act.

Congressional Congressional elections elections in November 1854 in November 1854 produced a revolution in American produced a revolution in American politics. politics.

The The Old Whig Party Old Whig Party was shattered was shattered and members joined other parties.and members joined other parties.

The Democratic Party staggered but The Democratic Party staggered but did not did not collapse. collapse.

In 1852 Democrats were a In 1852 Democrats were a substantial part of Congress, but in substantial part of Congress, but in 1854 there were only 1854 there were only 83 83 Democrats Democrats and and 108 108 Republicans.Republicans.

The New Republican PartyThe New Republican Party

The Know-Nothing PartyThe Know-Nothing Party

The other 43 representatives of The other 43 representatives of Congress in 1854 were members Congress in 1854 were members of the new of the new Know-Nothing Party Know-Nothing Party

Know-Nothings were a reaction to Know-Nothings were a reaction to the flood of immigrantsthe flood of immigrants

The Party grew out of the Order of The Party grew out of the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, a secret the Star-Spangled Banner, a secret association association formed in 1849.formed in 1849.

Its real name was the Its real name was the American American Party.Party.

The Know-Nothing PartyThe Know-Nothing Party The group seeks refuge in The group seeks refuge in

hatre hatre and prejudice rather and prejudice rather than real issues of their day.than real issues of their day.

Together, Republicans and Together, Republicans and Know-Nothings won enough Know-Nothings won enough seats to control Congress seats to control Congress

It was hard to tell It was hard to tell Republicans and Know-Republicans and Know-Nothings apart, especially Nothings apart, especially when a majority were when a majority were both. both.

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas Douglas thought Douglas thought

slavery troubles were slavery troubles were banished from banished from Congress Congress to the west.to the west.

The Kansas-Nebraska The Kansas-Nebraska Act did bring Act did bring Blood-Blood-shed shed to Kansas.to Kansas.

Popular sovereignty Popular sovereignty did not say did not say WHEN WHEN a a territory could decide territory could decide about slavery.about slavery.

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas The Northerners and Southerners raced to the The Northerners and Southerners raced to the

territory to be the first to decide the territory to be the first to decide the fate fate of of the land.the land.

Antislavery New Englanders raised money to Antislavery New Englanders raised money to rush emigrants to rush emigrants to KansasKansas

They used They used guns guns to fight for popular to fight for popular sovereignty rather than votes.sovereignty rather than votes.

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas Violence in Kansas was Violence in Kansas was

inevitable but the situation inevitable but the situation became critical only twice.became critical only twice.

In May 1856 a proslavery In May 1856 a proslavery sheriff led a mob into sheriff led a mob into antislavery Lawrence, sacking antislavery Lawrence, sacking and and burning burning the town.the town.

Antislavery messiah Antislavery messiah John Brown John Brown led a party including his four led a party including his four sons to a Pottawatomie Creek sons to a Pottawatomie Creek settlement. They split the settlement. They split the men’s skulls there and killed men’s skulls there and killed them.them.

Somehow Kansas avoided Somehow Kansas avoided becoming a territory of total becoming a territory of total anarchy anarchy and civil war.and civil war.

Antislavery messiah John Brown

Charles Sumner is AttackedCharles Sumner is Attacked Charles Sumner delivered a speech called “The Charles Sumner delivered a speech called “The

Crime Against Kansas” to the Senate using Crime Against Kansas” to the Senate using insulting insulting words to attack the south.words to attack the south.

Preston S. Brooks of South Carolina was a Preston S. Brooks of South Carolina was a nephew of a senator and avenged this hate on nephew of a senator and avenged this hate on May 22, 1856 by beating Sumner at his desk May 22, 1856 by beating Sumner at his desk with a with a cane. cane.

Brooks resigned and was Brooks resigned and was reelected. reelected. He became He became a southern hero.a southern hero.

Sumner became a Northern Sumner became a Northern martyr martyr and never and never regained his health.regained his health.

Before his return, the empty seat proclaimed Before his return, the empty seat proclaimed northern and southern leaders were no longer northern and southern leaders were no longer on on speaking terms. speaking terms. Brooks beats

Sumner with a cane