How of Teaching

8/6/2019 How of Teaching

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Lecturer:

RACHEL Q. LACORTE MD,RMT


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Differences Among Approach,

Methods/Strategies, and Techniques

yBased on the above diagram, a TECHNIQUE is part

of method and, likewise, a METHOD is a componentof an approach.

yThis makes APPROACH the broadest of the three.

yTECHNIQUE, the most specific, and METHOD,intermediate between the two.


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yAn enlightened viewpoint of teaching.

yProvides sound philosophy and orientation to the

whole process of teaching in which the selection ofan instructional method part and parcel of.

yAll approaches of teaching are viewpoints of

teaching, but not all viewpoints of teaching areconsidered approaches of teaching.


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yPuts premium on the ability

of the teacher to guidestudents to reflect on their

own experiences in order to

arrive at a new

understandings andmeanings.


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y Is a form of classroom organization in which

students work in groups or as teams to help each

other acquire academic information.


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y Learning environment is characterized by democratic

processes, students assuming active roles and taking

responsibilities of their own learning.


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yEssentially a way of

acquiring knowledge orskills through direct and

keen observations

followed by an analysis

of what has beensensed and understood.


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yBased on the assumption

that the students learn

best when they arepersonally involved in the

learning activity.

y Learning by doing is theintended percept for all.


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yA teaching model which is

aimed at helping students

master basic skills andknowledge that can be taught in

a step-by-step fashion.

y

Described as straight forwardand can be mastered in a

relatively short time.


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yViews learning as a process of constructing

meaning which is greatly influenced by thelearners accumulated experiences and

understandings.

yAs a social process in which learners construct

meaning through the interaction of prior

knowledge and new learning events.


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ySometimes termed

discovery, scientific thinking,neuristic and problem

solving.

yA teaching method which is

modeled after the

investigative processes of

scientist.


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yAims to help students

seek answer to their ownquestions, gather pieces

of evidences and draw

own conclusions and

generalizations.


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yUltimate goal is to enable

students to categorize ideas,experiences and objects.

yEssentially sorting out and

putting things into a specific

class.


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yBased on the assumption

that concept formationbegins at an early stage

when children at 9 and 12

months of age start with

object-sorting and object-

preference behavior.


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yHighlights the interaction among science,

technology and societal concerns.


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yArea is divided into various academic

learning centers.


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yCharacterized by tapping the expertise of two or

more teachers in planning teaching and evaluating

learning of students.


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@ METHODS/STRATEGY refers to an organized, orderly,

systematic, well-planned

procedure.

y It consists of steps which arelogically arranged aimed at

achieving the specific aims of

instruction, at enhancing

greater teaching and

maximizing learning output.


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yThe use of synectics in

teaching is anchored on

its enormous potential inenhancing the students

creativity.

y

Use of analogies ---important element in

synectics


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y Synectics as a teaching model requires students to

formulate analogies.

y Effective among the young since they are more perceptive

and imaginative.


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y Involves the application of cybernetic principles.

y CYBERNETICS described as a comparative study of

the human control mechanism and theelectromechanical systems


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ySIMULATOR a training device that

represents reality very closely but in which thecomplexity of events can be controlled.

yStudents learn from simulations first as a direct

result of the experience in the simulations andas result of the activities or discussions that

follow.


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Action-filled and fun-guaranteed

It consists of an enactment by the studentsof a learning situation through which they

depict real life responses and behavior.


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y Through this model thestudent is assisted in resolvingpersonal problems or

dilemmasy It attempts to help in seeking

personal meaning out ofevents occurring everyday andmore importantly theconsequences of theirresponses.


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yA record, chronology or register of events,

memories and daily happenings.

yStudents should be taught to write journals at an

early age.

yUsed as a pedagogical tool --- consists of day-to-

day record of learning activities through which the

students can determine their own progress.


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y Involves familiarization and eventually close linkwith all the educational aspects in itthe people

and their expertise, the places with richinstructional materials and the natural landscape.

yAll learning activities will necessarily take thestudents out of the classroom, although some

materials from outside can be carried to theclassroom or laboratory for further study.


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y Is anchored on two populararguments namely:

a. Facilitates easyconsolidation of informationneeded to understand aconcept, story or a literary

pieceb. It is widely accepted as apowerful tool for instantrecall.


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y It includes pouring over narrations made by the

authors, inventors, poets, scientists, and historians

with an end in view of discovering some details.


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yA teaching strategy that employs the scientific

method in searching for information.

yUsed generously in science and mathematics

classes.

yThe students are trained to be sensitive to any

puzzling situation or any difficult situation that

needs to be solved.


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y Commonly employed when the teacher requests theolder, brighter and more cooperative member of theclass to tutor other classmates.

y Peer tutoring arrangement may be in any of thefollowing:

a. Instructional peer tutoring

b. Same age peer tutoringc. Monitorial tutoring

d. Structural peer tutoring


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yConsist of teaching a brief

lesson to a small group of

students in an actualclassroom.

yUltimate aim: To obtain

feedback from the students orpeers.


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y Is an out-of-the-classroom activity intended topresent concepts in the most realistic manner.

y Referred to as educational excursion, field trip,study tour, nature trek or exploratory travel.

yOffers the best opportunity for them to come in direct

contact with the subject being investigated, ---insuring the collection of first hand information.


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yDescribed as a learning

activity wherein astudent investigates a

problem by manipulating

a variable.


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yOften resorted to in Science,

Mathematics and technology-

based lessons in other

disciplines.

yMay be performed by the

teacher, a student, or a groupof 3 to 4 members.


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y Refers to free communication of ideas between the

teacher and students and among the students as well.

y Employed for reasons such as

a. Clarifying some points during a learning activity.

b. As a check at the end to find out if the objective of the

lesson has been achieved.


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y Orderly verbal

interchangeyIt encourages students to

express their ideas ---

thereby enhancing theirthinking skills.


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y It is described as a teachingprocedure wherein groups or

individuals set up situations, in orderto gather information, organize and

analyze the said information and draw

conclusions.

y The focus is on the research skillsand processes involved as they

search for information.


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yEnables a student to undertake an in-depth

investigation of an area of interest.

y It works well with topics that can be studied with

minimal guidance from the teacher.

y It takes into consideration the ability of the students

to work independently as well as their strong feelingof confidence and accountability.


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yAn approach to the teaching-learning process whose

effectiveness is universally recognized and

accepted.

y It is sometimes termed PROGRAMMED

INSTRUCTION --- if the teaching material follows a

programmed style of presentation.


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yA teaching strategy that requires the students to

present in concrete form the results of an in-depth

study or research done in a particular area.

y Involves gathering and organizing data and

presenting the concept learned in the form of a

model, a project or any visual illustration.yReferred to as self-directed study.


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y It can be accomplished individually or in small

groups.

y Involves drafting a plan or a design to show how a

principle works.

y It emphasizes learning by doing.


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yReveal diverse interest and skills

y Its potential as a teaching strategy rests on a wide

sample of teaching materials that are guaranteed

to capture the students attention and imagination.


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yMay be employed as a teaching

methodology if the information

needed can be found in printed

materials

yMay be used side by side with

experimentation, group discussionand other teaching strategies.


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y Is a kind of oral presentation delivered by an expert.

yThe lecturer is regarded as an authority in the

special topic he is requested to speak on.

yRecommended for older students who can benefit

from a one-way but focused discourse on content.


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