How Nutrients Enter our Body How wastes are Excreted Chapter 32.
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Transcript of How Nutrients Enter our Body How wastes are Excreted Chapter 32.
![Page 1: How Nutrients Enter our Body How wastes are Excreted Chapter 32.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3a20/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
How Nutrients Enter our Body
How wastes are Excreted
Chapter 32
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Evolution of the Digestive System
• Intracellular- food broken down inside of cell
• Extracellular food broken down outside of cells in specialized digestive tract
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The Digestive System
Broken into four categories
Ingestion
Digestion chemical & mechanical
Absorption
Excretion
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The Mouth
Site of physical and chemical digestion
Salivary amylase breaks down starch and glycogen
Mouth pharynx esophagus stomach
Peristalsis begins
here
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Small Intestine
6 meters long
Duodenum- food completely broken down by enzymes into monomers
Enzymes secreted by pancreas break down carbohydrates
Bile secreted by liver and stored by gallbladder break down fat using lipase
Jejunum, Ileum- major site of absorption
Villi increase surface area to that of a tennis court
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Large Intestine
Major function is to absorb water (90% of fluid is reabsorbed)
Vitamins and minerals are absorbed here
Takes 12-24 hours for material to move through this organ
Escherichia coli live here and feed off the organic material, by product of this metabolism is methane, hydrogen sulfide gas and vitamin K
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The Good the Bad
Oxygen
Organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
Vitamins and minerals
Carbon dioxide
Urea
Excess salts
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The Excretory SystemThe Excretory System
The skin-The skin- excretes excess water, salts, and a small amount of urea
Ammonia is produced when amino acids are used for energy, the liver combines ammonia with carbon dioxide to form Urea
The lungs-The lungs- remove CO2
The kidneys- The kidneys- removes cellular waste from the blood
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Kidneys
Regulate water content of blood and blood pH
• All of the blood in the body passes through the kidney’s every 30 minutes
• 99% of the fluid filtered through the nephron is reabsorbed
To ureter
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How the nephron works
Blood enters through an arteriole and is filtered
The filtrate contains water, urea, glucose, salts, amino acids, and some vitamins
99% of the material in the filtrate is returned to the body by reabsorption
The 1% that remains is called urine
Urine on the average contains 95% water
Daily output of water
Urine 47%
Sweat 31%
Air Exhaled 16%
Feces 6%
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