How long will you live?

By Zhao Tian

How long will you live?

• a life calculator

• based on data about Americans

•http://gosset.wharton.upenn.edu/mortality/perl/CalcForm.html

Part 1

• I am ( ) year old male/female white/nonwhite

• My height is ( ) inches • My weight is ( ) pounds

• I expect to have ( ) years of education • My family's total income for the past 12 months is

( ) dollars

• I expect that for most of my life I will be married/ not married/ don't know

Gender & raceFemale Male

Overall 79.2 73.6

White 79.8 74.3

Black 74.7 67.3

Figure 1 Sex ratios for regions of the world: 1995 SOURCE: 1997 Demographic Yearbook (49th issue). New York: United Nations, 1999 http://medicine.jrank.org/pages/687/Gender-Life-expectancy-death-rates.html

Education

More than 12 years of education

12 or fewer years of education

82 75

Health insurance, health services

Less advantaged, lower income, crime, poor housing conditions

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article

/2008/03/11/ AR2008031100925. html

1911-2009,

98 years old

Height, body size

• Which is better? Smaller? Bigger?

Marriage • fewer risks with their health

• better mental and emotional health

• more social and material support

http://longevity.about.com/od/wholiveslongest/a/marriage_le.htm

Part 2• I do not/ do/ don’t know have at least one first degre

e relative (parents, sibling, children) who has a history of

heart diseases 心脏病 prostate cancer 前列腺癌 breast cancer 乳腺癌 colorectal cancer 结肠直肠癌stomach cancer 胃癌lung cancer 肺癌diabetes 糖尿病stroke 中风

Inheritance

• “to choose your ancestors carefully”

• A great-grand mother (92)

• Three grandparents (80+)

• mother ---- diphtheria 白喉 father ---- bronchitis 支气管炎

Russell (97)

Part 3

• I reside in

Living circumstances

Part 4

• I have not/ have/ don’t know been diagnosed with Asthma 哮喘 Diabetes 糖尿病

• My diastolic blood pressure 舒张压 (the smaller/bottom number- an average adult's is about 80) is ( ) mmHg

• I smoke ( ) cigarettes per day

My spouse smoke ( ) cigarettes per day I have ( ) drinks per day

Part 5

• I travel ( ) thousand miles per year in an automobile• The driver of the automobile which I most frequently travel in is a

male/ female/ don’t know• The age of the driver of the automobile which I most frequently

travel in is ( ) years • I do not/ do/ don’t know regularly wear seat belts when travelling in

a automobile• The automobile which I most frequently travel in does not/ does/

don’t know regularly keep to speeds appropriate to road conditions • The driver of the automobile which I most frequently travel in is

sometimes/ never/ don’t know drunk while driving

Driving

• Less exercise

“What fits your busy schedule better, exercising one hour a day or being dead 24 hours a day?”

• More accidents

Part 6 Of the 10 things listed in the Stress List, ( ) of then happened to me in the past 12 months

• 1.     Serious Illness in a family member (excluding death)• 2.     Serious concern about a family member (excluding illness)• 3.     Death of a family member• 4.     Divorce or separation• 5.     Forced to move house• 6.     Forced to change job• 7.     Been made redundant• 8.     Feelings of insecurity at work• 9.     Serious financial trouble• 10. Been legally prosecuted

Part 7

• I am a sedentary 久坐的 person/ occasional exerciser/ conditioning exerciser/ don't know

• I work in the mining construction/ transportation/ public utilities/ agriculture/ forestry/ fishing/ public administration/ manufacturing/ retail trade/ services/ wholesale trade/ finance/ real estate/ all others/ don't know industry

• My father worked in a non-manual/ manual/ don't know job • My first regular occupation is a non-manual/ manual/ don't kno

w job

• My current occupation is a non-manual/ manual/ don't know job

The job

• The pressure• The working environment • Your control over the job

http://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/stressatwp/en/

Marx ： capitalist mode of production

Bourgeoisie: own the means of production

Workers: never autonomous, self-realized human beings, but directed into goals, dictated by the bourgeoisie

Part 8

• Of the 5 types of food in the Dietary Diversity List, on average i consume ( ) types

• 1.     Dairy

• 2.     Meat

• 3.     Grain

• 4.     Fruit

• 5.     Vegetable

Part 9

• I have had ( ) sexual partners in the past 12 months

• For most of my sexual encounters, I do not/ do/ don't know/ use condoms

• On average, I have ( ) hours of sleep a day

Top 10 Health Benefits of a Good Night's Sleep

• 1. Sleep Keeps Your Heart Healthy• 2. Sleep May Prevent Cancer• 3. Sleep Reduces Stress• 4. Sleep Reduces Inflammation• 5. Sleep Makes You More Alert• 6. Sleep Bolsters Your Memory• 7. Sleep May Help You Lose Weight• 8. Naps Make You Smarter• 9. Sleep May Reduce Your Risk for Depression• 10. Sleep Helps the Body Make Repairs

http://longevity.about.com/od/sleephealthandaging/a/sleep_life.htm

Summary

• Biological • (Gender, race, height, body size, inheritance,

health, sleep……)

• Non-biological• (Education, marriage, social status, working

conditions, living conditions……)

• Social behavior • (Driving, accidents, HIV infection, liver disease,

suicide……)

How to live longer?

• Health• not merely the

absence of disease or infirmity

• but a positive state of complete physical, mental and social well-being (WHO, 1986)