How is citiness defined and measured? ~The case of Africa~
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Transcript of How is citiness defined and measured? ~The case of Africa~
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CITINESS:
THE CASE OF AFRICA
Assignment|Week 4
Course: Cultural Marketing|City Branding
Prof.: Betty Tsakarestou
Team: Anagnostaki Eva
Koukouli Marilena
Mavriki Rania
Rizou Anastasia
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CITINESS
A concept which refers to the essence of the city, to the very quality of being a city.
It includes the desires of the citizens and a competitiveness factor.
The challenge of smart cities is to place technology and innovation at the service of citizens and other
urban actors pleasant city to live in = economically, socially and environmentally competitive.
BEST CITIES TO LIVE IN THE WORLD {2015} *
1. Vienna, Austria
2. Vancouver, Canada
3. Melbourne, Australia
4. Sydney
5. Zurich, Switzerland
6. Auckland, New Zealand
7. Tokyo, Japan
8. Munich, Germany
9. Berlin, Germany
10. Toronto
* Data based on Global Finance combined rankings http://bit.ly/1RxKuCE
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METRICS
Keywords of citiness and quality of living
Smartness
Public safety
Mobility
Sustainability
Community
Innovation
Transportation
Civic responsibility
Shareability
Culture
Flexibility and hacking
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METRICS
Most important and credible sources:
Economist
Mercer
Monocle
Reputation Institute
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ECONOMIST INTELLIGENCE UNIT
Reliable source of “liveable cities” ranking
The most liveable places, notes the EIU, tend to be “mid-sized cities in wealthier countries with
a relatively low population density”
Every city is assigned a rating for over 30 qualitative and quantitative factors across five broad
categories: stability (weight 25% of total) ; healthcare; (weight 25% of total), culture and
environment (weight 25% of total); education (weight 10% of total); and infrastructure (weight:
20% of total). Each factor in a city is rated as acceptable, tolerable, uncomfortable, undesirable
or intolerable.
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* not indicating government stability
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A recent report highlighs that cultural heritage makes a key contribution to the Europe 2020. A European Strategy
for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth.
http://bit.ly/1o5UtHW
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other forms of
education emerge,
focusing on life-
long learning etc.
Are they/should
they be part of the
Education
indicators?
interesting
indicator for
sustainability
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39 factors, grouped into 10 categories
1. Political and social environment
2. Economic environment
3. Socio-cultural environment
4. Medical and health considerations
5. Schools and education
6. Public services and transportation
7. Recreation
8. Consumer goods
9. Housing
10. Natural environment
New factor added to the 2016
ranking:
personal safety
→ as security concerns increase
throughout the world
→ more conservative metrics
(comparing to Monocle/Economist
Intelligence Unit)
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Quality of Living Ranking 2016 - 10 top/bottom cities
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The sources used to
calculate both the
emotional & rational
Reputation are:
direct
experience
country actions
&
communication
3rd party
influence
stereotypes
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BREAKING DOWN THE 3 MAIN COMPONENTS
OF RATIONAL REPUTATION
based on which
standards?
advised
from Forbes
list
again safety as a
main factor
focus on
quality
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o This year, Monocle added another 22 metrics to form “The Quality of Life Survey for 2015”
Factors like:
cycling commutes
good lunch a contemporary approach
number of public libraries
The main categories are: transportation, food, culture and art, safety, investments, connectivity, cheap
standard of living, weather, civic responsibility
Video about Monocle’s view on the factors that determine Quality of Life in Cities:
MONOCLE
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THE AFRICAN CASE
Nairobi, Accra & Johannesburg
Factors Smartness, Sustainability, Quality of life
Developing concept of “Smart Cities” in the continent
Promising & worth-studying case
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~ NAIROBI, KENYA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xf1H8dQ2ZB4
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WHY NAIROBI?
Because it’s smart…
The smartest city in Africa for 2nd year in a row
Mobile money growth available to low income citizens
Digitization of records and civic information public safety
Innovation hub iHub is a business hub of technology and creative enterpreneurship and multinationals
Focus on education encouraging innovation thinking in Universities and schools
It gradually goes sustainable…
Africa Sustainability Hub was launched this year in Nairobi
Rapid urbanization controlled
And provides a good quality of life…
Nairobi has been ranked amongst the top five enviable and exciting cities in the continent
Sophistication of South African cities, but in a “gentler” way
Affordable living costs (except transport)
Happy, warm people
City Safari!
+ MOBILITY, PUBLIC SAFETY, COMMUNITY, INNOVATION
- CIVIC INVOLVEMENT, SHAREABILITY, CULTURE
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~ ACCRA, GHANA
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WHY ACCRA?Because it’s smart…
Mobile subscription penetration has reached 86%
Goal to become a world class tech hub, with the implementation of three main projects, “Ghana Cyber
City”, “Appolonia City” and “King City”
It is working on installing mobile payment systems in order to limit tax underpayment and fraud
Is already in the process of installing smart and networked traffic lights – to avoid transportation problems
It goes sustainable…
Accra plans on implementing an energy project based on wind and solar energy to overcome blackouts
and invest in green development
It has recently joined the Millennium Cities Initiative to raise the standard of living in the city, by
sustainable urban planning with the collaboration of Columbia University research team.
And provides a good quality of life…
The warmth of the locals is one of the city's assets
It has become a top destination for up-scale Nigerians, for a w.e. getaway
The city offers a full range of restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and increasingly, shopping malls
Its tropic climate is perceived as an appealing factor
The government is commited to invest on social and physical infrastructure
+ MOBILITY, NEW INFRASTRUCTURE, SMARTNESS
- CIVIC INVOLVEMENT, CULTURE, COMMUNITY
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~ JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA
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JOHANNESBURG: TOWARDS A MORE LIVABLE, SUSTAINABLE AND
SMARTER CITY! Becoming smarter…
Rolled out 54 Wi-Fi hotspots, 20 of them are mobile hotspots (buses)
Ensured internet access in 30 libraries, with 80 libraries to be connected by June 2016
Launched the Jozi Educational Digital Interns (COJEDI) initiative and Hack Jozi Challenge
Becoming sustainable…
Numerous projects citywide for cleaner air, more efficient transport, a pleasant living environment
The Corridors of Freedom project improved city's air quality by reducing the need for private transport
The Rea Vaya buses, run with the most advanced pollution reduction equipment
Massive infrastructure change in the city catering for pedestrians and cyclists
e largest man-made forest in the world.
Improving its citizens’ quality of life…
Promoting social inclusion, bringing residents closer to work and leisure opportunities
Inner city rooftop gardens cost-effective source of food and income for the gardeners
Revamped public spaces, installation of 156 public artworks
Johannesburg's identity as a diverse and vibrant city!
+ A VIBRANT, DIVERSE, COSMOPOLITAN CITY, FRIENDLY PEOPLE, HIGH ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
- CRIMINALITY, POVERTY, UNEMPLOYMENT, HEALTH CONDITIONS based on racial distinction
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SOME POINTS FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION ABOUT THE
“SMART CITY CONCEPT” IMPLEMENTED IN AFRICA
What are the socio-spatial implications of these new forms of data-driven urbanism?
Where is the voice of the local community?
Are the residents ready to face such a rapid technological upgrade?
Is there a risk of strengthening the economical and educational chasm between urban
and rural regions of Africa?
Is the African culture in line with this kind of technological development?
How do these cities manage the transition from private sector development to public
sector maintenance?
In most of the cases, the smart cities in Africa concept has been an initiative of IBM in
collaboration with local authorities. How can we ensure that this is not a (techno) utopian
fantasy that, once unravelled, it will reveal little more than the opening of markets and
opportunities for profit for large corporations?
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SOURCES
www.afdb-org.jp/file/japan/bf2014/bps/43.%20Mr.%20Owusu_Gateway%20Innovations.pdf
www.africanbusinessmagazine.com/sectors/infrastructure/smart-cities-smart-africa/
www.aqualogy.net/blog/en/citiness-and-vento-two-aqualogy-instruments-to-build-the-new-
city/
www.blogs.encatc.org/culturalheritagecountsforeurope//wp-
content/uploads/2015/06/CHCfE_FULL-REPORT_v2.pdf
www.blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2014/07/16/the-rise-of-afro-smart-cities-should-be-viewed-
with-caution/
www.edition.cnn.com/2015/02/10/africa/nairobi-africa-intelligent-city/
www.eiu.com/home.aspx
www.gfmag.com/global-data/non-economic-data/best-cities-to-live?page=12
www.jda.org.za/index.php/latest-news/news-2014/151-june/1545-joburg-a-liveable-
sustainable-city
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SOURCES
www.mci.ei.columbia.edu/files/2013/03/The-Economic-Base-of-Accra-Ghana.pdf
www.mercer.com/
www.moneyweb.co.za/news/tech/joburg-gets-started-on-its-smart-city-vision-2/
www.monocle.com/
www.reputationinstitute.com
www.rozenbergquarterly.com/the-african-why-is-nairobi-africas-smartest-city/
www.smartercitieschallenge.org/assets/cities/johannesburg-south-
africa/documents/johannesburg-south-africa-summary- 2011.pdf
www.weareiguacu.com/goodnews/africas-smart-cities/
www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/40817.wss
www-05.ibm.com/za/pdf/Accra_Smarter_Cities_Report_Web.pdf
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Thank you!Thank you!