How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

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How Does the Brain Compute?

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Sensory Neuron (Bipolar) Interneuron Neuron (Unipolar) Motor Neuron (Multipolar Neuron) Types of Neurons

Transcript of How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

Page 1: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How Does the Brain Compute?

Page 2: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How Does the Brain Compute?A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many

different parts.different parts.

Page 3: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

Sensory Neuron(Bipolar)

Interneuron Neuron (Unipolar)

Motor Neuron(Multipolar Neuron)

Types of Neurons

Page 4: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

Types of NeuronsSensory Neurons – Afferent Neurons

• Carry the message from the sense organs to the CNS

Interneurons • Make up the CNS

Motor Neurons – Efferent Neurons• Carry the message from the CNS to the muscles or glands

Page 5: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is the Electrical Signal Sent?

2 K+

3 Na+

ATP

Outside

Inside K+

The Resting Potential

K Na

Proteins (A) -

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=8FaXZz5CJjx-TM&tbnid=2KjIucjXvLZlcM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fclipartist.net%2Fsvg%2Faaa-battery-september-2011-clip-art-svg-openclipart-org-commons-wikimedia-org-clipartist-net%2F&ei=Ls0PUtqyGOWoiQK60oCwCA&psig=AFQjCNF-J7keWLwFlVTo33GP8kW9EAQkoA&ust=1376853667133617
Page 6: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is the Electrical Signal Sent?

All or none!

Outside

Inside

K Na

NaNaNaNa NaNa NaNaNaNa

KK

KK KK

KK Na

KK

Page 7: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is Information Transmitted?

If neurons do not touch, how can information get from one neuron to the next neuron?

Page 8: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is Information Transmitted?

Page 9: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is Information Transmitted?

Recycling channel

• Neurotransmitters

• Postsynaptic Receptors

• Recycling Channels

1 2

Page 10: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is Information Transmitted?• Reuptake

• Diffusion

• Enzymatic Degradation

Page 11: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is Information Transmitted?• Reuptake

• Diffusion

• Enzymatic Degradation

Page 12: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is Information Transmitted?• Reuptake

• Diffusion

• Enzymatic DegradationEnzyme

Page 13: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is Information Transmitted?

(The Synapse) Neurotransmitters

Dendrite

Soma

Axon

Terminal

Page 14: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is Information Transmitted?Neurotoxins!

Page 15: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is Information Transmitted?

Nerve AgentsTabun (GA)Sarin (GB)Soman (GD)VX

1995 – Tokyo Subway (Sarin)2013 – Syria (Sarin)

2013 – Bihar, India (Organophosphate pesticides)

Page 16: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How is Information Transmitted?

Action Potential Synaptic Terminal

Neurotransmitters

Axon

Cell BodyDendrites

Page 17: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

How Fast do Electrical Signals Travel?

100 mile/hr – 160 km/hr

Page 18: How Does the Brain Compute?. A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

Saltatory ConductionNode of RanvierMyelin

Axon

Increases speed of conduction!

vs

Unmyelinated vs Myelinated Axons


Nervous System – Ch 7. Introduction Neurons – nerve cells Transmit information in the form of electrochemical changes (nerve impulses) Neuron structure.

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 · The main cell of the nervous system is the neuron. Neurons are responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses throughout the nervous tissue. Nerve impulses pass from one neuron

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