How does technological advancement affect religious belief?
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Transcript of How does technological advancement affect religious belief?
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Colonial America The Age of Reason
(aka The Revolutionary Period)
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How does technological advancement
affect religious belief?
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How do citizens cope with a
government that does not meet their needs?
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How does the power of rhetoric (use of words to
develop an argument) affect the outcome of a
war?
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Why is the concept of the United States
important?
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What obligation do you, as a
citizen, have to this country that has given you so much liberty and
opportunity?
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What have we lost since the Revolution (aka Civil War) that we
need to reclaim as a country?
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The Age of Reason
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Colonial America – Age of Reason1700 A.D. – 1800 A.D.
Statements they would have
made:
An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.
Books/Essays Lectures they would have read/heard:
• The Wealth of Nations (Adam Smith)• “A Modest Proposal” (Swift)• The Encyclopedia (Dennis Diderot) • Poor Richard’s Almanac (Franklin)• Common Sense (Thomas Paine)• Emile (Rousseau)
Names they would have
known:
Patrick Henry Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine Benjamin Franklin John Locke
George Washington James Madison John Adams Samuel Adams Jean Jacques Rousseau
Words connected to them:
aphorism parallelism charged words pamphlet
logic analogy rhetorical question Enlightenment
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Notice anything odd?
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THE Cause of the Revolution
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Middle Class?Landowners?
Political?Financial?
MORAL?
Strange? Or, Expected?
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A Dangerous Animal
Uncontrollable
Educated
Middle Class
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The Age of Reason• Descartes (1596-
1650)–Rejects Medieval
Authoritarianism
• Voltaire (1694-1778)– Attacks dogma
• Royal Society of London is founded “For the Improvement of Natural Knowledge”
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• Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica (1687)
Discoveries of the Age
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Discoveries of the Age
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The Age of Reason• Begins in 17th century England
France and EuropeColonie
s
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• Governments not based on “divinely ordained hierarchies”
• Governments = “social contracts” wherein people recognize the need to submit to a certain level of authority
Other Influences
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Other Influences
• Authority granted to protect “natural rights” (i.e. life, liberty, property)
• Governments in violation of those natural rights, or those that oppressed the weak, deserved to be overthrown
• Instead of salvation through church, it became salvation through revolution
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More Locke . . .
• Human mind at birth = tabula rasa
Human beings neither good nor bad; experience dictates what one becomes
The making of a good society ensures the making of good people
Essentially, “faith in human goodness and the dignity of man” led to an increasing demandfor human liberties
• Predestination and total depravity = fiction
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Philosophical Shift• Thomas Paine’s The Age of Reason
– Christianity as irrational– miracles have logical explanations– doubts divinity of Jesus– proof of God in nature, not the Bible
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Puritans—New Jerusalem
• Personal God of strong nature
• Emphasis on the study of scripture
• Service to God was primary purpose
• Theology was very personal
Deists—New Athens
• Gentle God/impersonal
• Emphasis on natural philosophy
• Humanitarianism/ service to man
• Theology was rational
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Results• Increased demand for human
liberty• Reject New Jerusalem and seek a
New Athens or Rome
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Lasting Cultural Impact
•Pragmatism (plainness) and common sense•Uniquely American destiny• Justice, liberty, and equality as natural rights of mankind
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The Party Starters
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“All the major accomplishments were
unprecedented.”• Founding Fathers knew they were making history, but they had no idea how it would turn out. i.e. Franklin’s famous statement
• Lots of long-term possibilities, but the short term looked grim
• Now the U.S.A. is the longest running republic in world history
B. Franklin A. Hamilton G. Washington T. Jefferson J. Adams
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Turn to page 169
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Key Foundational Pieces
1775-1776Armed Resistance & The Founding of
AmericanIndependence
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Facts:• Jefferson’s youth and
in ability to be silent made him the perfect choice to write the Declaration!
• Not quite an original document— Jefferson “borrowed” from several sources – ex: Locke, Paine
• Some of the accusations against GIII were inflated and/or not really so unreasonable upon closer look.
Jefferson’s Declaration
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Facts:• Jefferson blamed
George III for many actions that were truthfully the work of Parliament. This was for rhetorical effect to accentuate the supposed tyranny of monarchy and its alternative: representative government.
Jefferson’s Declaration
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Facts:• Jefferson did call for
the abolition of slavery in his original draft; it was the committee that tabled the issue and removed it from the convention’s agenda
• Most framers recognized that slavery ran counter to the Spirit of the Revolution
Jefferson’s Declaration
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Now, let’s read where some of
these ideas came from.
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How is Locke’s wording different than Jefferson’s?
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How did their intents (what they
wanted to accomplish) differ?
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What Would YOU Do?
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What Would YOU Do?
If the government that “controlled” you seemed too far away, too
divorced from your daily life, too large to make a difference, what
would YOU do?What is the difference between
protest, defiance, and open rebellion?
When do the masses decide it’s time for action?