How Does Globalization Affect Food Security?
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Transcript of How Does Globalization Affect Food Security?
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…a bit on
Cameroon
How does globalization affect food security?
Cameroon
Yvette Thompson, M.Sc. Student
Department of Resource Economics and Environmental
Sociology (REES)
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Part of Central Africa (within Sub Saharan Africa)
largely covered by the
Congo Basin Rainforest
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Source: Woods Hole Research Center: http://www.whrc.org/mapping/informs/cameroon
BS1
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Slide 3
BS1 Good to insert a map of Africa with Cameroon highlighted (like this one) for those less familiar with African geography.Brent Swallow, 21/07/2011
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study site:
Akok(South Province)
Source: Woods Hole Research Center: http://www.whrc.org/mapping/informs/cameroon
BS2
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Slide 4
BS2 Good to insert a map of Africa with Cameroon highlighted (like this one) for those less familiar with African geography.Brent Swallow, 21/07/2011
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Traditionalvillage lifestyle
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Customary Agriculture(Shifting Cultivation)
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Plantain
Peanut
Cassava
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Semi-subsistence(most of the yield for household consumption)
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Small-scale household/family
Cocoa Agroforestry
Maintains multi-use landscape(habitat, non-timber forest products, biodiversity)
Carbon emission levels maintained (?)
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Palm plantations
MonocultureDestroys habitat � biodiversity Increases carbon emissions (?)
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• Palm = world’s most consumed vegetable oil – used in at least 50% of consumer goods
• Cameroon is 4th largest African producer of palm oil
What about palm oil?
palm oil – 200 000 tonnes/year; 100 000 ha currently cultivated
• Industrial plantations create jobs for Cameroonians (65 000 direct and indirect)– ~40% live on <$1 USD per day
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Example: Herakles Farms ProposalNew York-based agribusiness
Source: Yale environment360 (http://e360.yale.edu)
60 000 ha plantation
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• Situated between four protected areas – (Korup National Park, Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve, Bakossi National Park and
Banyang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary)
• Deforestation• Threatens biodiversity
Critics’ concerns of Herakles Farms project:
• Threatens biodiversity – many of which are endangered and threatened species
• Exploitation/working conditions on plantation• Greenhouse gas emissions (store <40 tons CO2/yr vs. 400 tons
CO2/yr in primary forest)….
• Traditional lifestyle of local people
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• Rural communities, such as Akok, are traditionally tied to land
• Food = self produced
Local people and food security
• Income = small marketable surplus of staple crops + cocoa
• Traditional Bulu possession based tenure system; “use as required”
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So how does globalization affect food security for local people in Cameroon?
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…it changes their traditional way of life
For the better?eg. More potential income opportunitieseg. More potential income opportunities
Or worse?eg. Less (or none) subsistence opportunities
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