How do enzymes help to How do enzymes help to regulate life functions?regulate life functions?

Read enzyme article.

Name of compound

Building block

Chemical formula

Function Examples of

Carbs

Lipids

Proteins

Why are they important?

They control chemical

reactions in living things

What is a catalyst?

•any substance that brings about a chemical reaction without being changed itself.

ENZYMEs!

What is an enzyme?

• PROTEIN •Speed up Speed up CHEMICAL CHEMICAL REACTIONsREACTIONs

•name- describe what it does

•(-ase)

Examples:Enzyme that splits maltose into 2 glucose: MALTASE

Enzymes that breaks protein into a.a.’s PROTEASE

Enzyme that breaks up lipids : LIPASE

EITHER EXCLUSIVELY PROTEINS OR PROTEINS WITH NON- NON- PROTEIN PROTEIN PARTS CALLED COENZYMESCOENZYMES..

VITAMINSVITAMINS usually function as coenzymes.

How do enzymes How do enzymes work?work?DO NOWDO NOW:

1. Define a protein.

2. List 3 reasons why we need proteins?

3. Which element is found in proteins, but not in lipids and carbohydrates?

• Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions, by 1,000,000x

•The ability of an enzyme to act as a catalyst = depends on shape

•Enzymes are used again and again Enzymes are used again and again

•then recycledthen recycled.

• Every enzyme regulates a Every enzyme regulates a specific reactionspecific reaction. There is an . There is an active active sitesite where the actual chemical where the actual chemicalreaction takes placereaction takes place.ex. Enzyme A can only regulate

Substrate A

**Forms an -ENZYME-SUBSTRATE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEXCOMPLEX

SUBSTRATE

ACTIVE SITE

NEW SUBSTANCE

2 molecules become one!

ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER THAN THE MOLECULESWITH WHICH THEY INTERACT.

SUBSTRATE

ENZYME LOCK & KEY MODELLOCK & KEY MODEL

ACTIVE SITE

1 molecule becomes two!

Induced fit model

What affects how well an enzyme

works?DO NOW:DO NOW:Answer #1-6

HW: finish worksheet

What factors regulate What factors regulate enzyme function?enzyme function?

• 1. pH

• 2. temperature

• 3. substrate/enzyme concentrations

Factors that Affect ENZYME ActionFactors that Affect ENZYME Action1.pH: The optimum pH for most

enzymes is 7.ExceptionsExceptions :Pepsin (gastric protease)

Pepsin works best at pH of 3

Trypsin (intestinal protease)

Trypsin pH of 8

Factors that Affect ENZYME ActionFactors that Affect ENZYME Action

2. Temperature: The optimum temperature for most enzymes is 98.6 F or 37 C.

OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE

DENATURESDENATURES

DENATURATIONDENATURATION= The loss of effectiveness of an enzyme. The enzyme begins to break down.

OPTIMUMOPTIMUM = Best temperature or pHfor the particular reaction.

Which quadrant shows optimum enzyme activity?

Factors that Affect ENZYME ActionFactors that Affect ENZYME Action

3. Relative amounts of enzyme and substrate:

-Reaction rate depends on how often Reaction rate depends on how often enzymes & substrates bump into each enzymes & substrates bump into each otherother..

-adding more enzymes increases the # of molecules to interact with substrate. The reactions maximum rate is reached whenall enzymes are attached to substrate.

What’s happening in this graph?What’s happening in this graph?

1. Identify A, C, D

2. If figure D is a disaccharide, what must figures A & B represent?

1.39 min