How do diversity and stability depend on productivity?
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Transcript of How do diversity and stability depend on productivity?
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How do diversity and stability depend on productivity?
The relation between plant species diversity and productivity at a
continental scale
Mediterranean grassland
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Australian vegetation
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British herbs
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Mediterranean plant plots
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The relation between animal species diversity
and productivity at a continental scale
Atlantic cumaceans
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Tropical mammals
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Texas carnivores
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SPalearctic birds
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SPalearctic butterflies
Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and transpiration, hence the total amount of water going from living organismas and the soil into the atmosphere.
It is a measure of total energy input
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Bird species numbers are correlated with annual evapotranspiration and temperature.
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Patterns of fish species richness in China’s lakes
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Fish species richness scales significantly with altitude and maximum depth of a lakeLake volume is of minor importance
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Altitude [m]
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R2 = 0.75
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Maximum depth [m]
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R2 = 0.34
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Lake volume [108 m3]
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Lake area [km2]
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Mean annual temperature
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evapotranspiration [m]
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R2 = 0.53
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Annual precipitation [mm]
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R2 = 0.40
Main determinants of fish species richness were annual PET, altitude, and lake area.
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From local to global patterns of energy use of single speciesDefine:D: population densityW: individual body weight PET: potential evapotransirationM: individual metabolic rate (energy use) T: temperature
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z
PET
M W ; Metabolic rate scales to body weight
D W ; Population density scales to body weight; 0.5<z<1
W e ; Body weight increases exponentially with evapotranspiration; 1
0.75 z 0.75 z
popM MD W W W
2z PET 0.75 z (0.75 z)z PET (0.75z z )PETpopM (e ) e e
Empirical results
Population energy use scales to body weight to -0.25 to 0.25, hence is roughly constant
Energy equivalence rule
Population energy use decreases or increases with evapotranspiration
Often it will be roughly constant
PET z z PETD (e ) e
Population densities should decrease with evapotranspiration
az T
T PET
D e
Population densities should
decrease with increasing temperature
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If total biomass is at least stable or increases with evapotranspiration we can introduce species richness into the previous equations
PET z z PETD (e ) e
B PETB SD
z PET z PETPET Se S PET e
Species richness should nonlinear increase with potential evapotranspiration
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Global patterns in energy use and population characteristics in mammals as derived from the compilation of Currie and Fritz (1993).
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Population biomass
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Gillman, Wright (2006)
The influence of productivity on the species richness of plants
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Productivity and stability
Are tropical populations more stable than populations in temperate or arctic regions?
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0 20 40 60 80Latitude
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Taxon r PHemiptera 0.01 >0.1Hymenoptera -0.72 <0.01Lepidoptera -0.37 <0.001Falconiformes -0.85 <0.01Galliformes 0.22 >0.1Passeriformes -0.28 <0.01Strigiformes 0.7 >0.1Artiodactyla 0.21 >0.1Carnivora 0.71 <0.01Insectivora -0.09 >0.1Lagomorpha -0.99 <0.001Rodentia 0.32 <0.01
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CV
There is no general latitudinal trend in population variability
Vazquez, Stevens 2004
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Today’s reading
Global patterns in biodiversity:www.uesc.br/cursos/pos_graduacao/especializacao/biologia_florestas/insightnaturepadroes.pdf
Diversity and stability:www.biology.lsu.edu/webfac/kharms/12DivStabDivProd.ppt