How are worms different?
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Transcript of How are worms different?
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How are worms different?
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3 KINDS OF WORMS
Some free living and some parasites in every group
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ALL WORMS ARE:INVERTEBRATES no backbone
PROTOSTOMESblastopore becomes MOUTH
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COELOMS: Flatworms = acoelomates
Round worms = Pseudocoelomates
Segmented worms = Eucoelomates
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FLATWORMSPLANARIA
TAPEWORMS
FLUKES
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FLATWORMSPlanaria
(Cross-eyed worms)
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RESPIRATORY Breathe through their skin
DIGESTIVE/CIRCULATORY Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening
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NERVOUS 2 cerebral ganglia/2 nerve cords
EXCRETORY Flame cells remove nitrogen waste
through skin
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MOUTH in middle on VENTRAL SURFACE
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REPRODUCTIONSEXUAL- HERMAPHRODITES
but trade sperm with a partner
ASEXUAL- can use regeneration to grow a new organism
from parts
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FLATWORMSPLANARIA
• Free living• Digestive cavity with one opening/mouth in middle of
body• Open circulatory system (shared Gastrovascular cavity)• Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste
and excess water• Cephalization-Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords• Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction
(Can also do asexual reproduction using regeneration)• Eye spots sense light and dark• NO tegument or cuticle
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FLATWORMSFLUKES
PARASITIC
Covered by TEGUMENT(made of fused cells) for protection from host immune system
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MOUTH at anterior endNOT middle of body
SUCKERS (anterior and ventral) help it hold on and suck blood
DIGESTIVE/CIRCULATORY
shared GASTROVASCULAR cavity similar to Planaria
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NERVOUS CEPHALIZATION Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
No eyes
EXCRETORY Flame cells remove nitrogen waste &
regulate water
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FLUKESREPRODUCTIVE Most hermaphrodites Few have separate sexes
(EX: Blood fluke-Schistosoma)
Complicated life cycle with 2 hostsEX: Blood fluke-Schistosoma
Adults live in human Larva live in snails
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FLATWORMSFLUKES
• Gastrovascular cavity with one opening /mouth at anterior end• Open circulatory system (shared with Gastrovascular cavity)• Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste
and excess water• Breathe through skin• Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords• Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction• NO Eyes• Parasitic with 2 suckers (anterior & ventral) for attaching to host• Requires 2 hosts to complete life cycle• TEGUMENT for protection from host immune system
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FLATWORMSTAPEWORMS
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DIGESTIVENo mouth or digestive organs Absorbs nutrients through its tegument
EXCRETORYFlame cells remove nitrogen waste
NERVOUS2 cerebral ganglia/ 2 nerve cordsCephalizationNo eyes
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TEGUMENT (made of fused cells) protects from host digestive enzymes and immune system
SCOLEX with hooks and suckers at anterior end to help worm attach and hold on
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TAPEWORMSREPRODUCTIVE• Hermaphrodites-
can fertilize self or trade sperm with other worms
• Grow by adding PROGLOTTIDSwhich contain both male and female reproductive organs
30 foot worm can have 2000 proglottids
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REPRODUCTIONCOMPLICATED LIFE CYCLES
need 2 hosts to complete life cycle
EX: BEEF TAPEWORM Adults feed and reproduce in humans
larva make cysts in cow
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FLATWORMSTAPEWORMS
• NO MOUTH or ANUS or digestive systemnutrients absorbed through tegument
• Breathe through skin• Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste• 2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
No Eyes• Parasitic
with hooks & suckers (scolex) for attachment in host• Tegument for protection from host immune system and digestive
juices• Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction
Use PROGLOTTIDS to reproduce Complicated life cycle with 2 hosts
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3 KINDS OF WORMS
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ALL FLAT WORMSDigestive system with less than 2 openings (one or none)• Open circulatory system • Breathe through skin• FLAME CELLS for excreting nitrogen waste and
excess water• Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords• Most HERMAPHRODITES with sexual reproduction• If parasites need 2 different hosts to complete life cycle• NO CUTICLE for protection
(Has TEGUMENT or NOTHING)
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ROUND WORMSAscaris
TrichinellaHookwormsPinworms
Filarial wormsSoy bean cyst
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DIGESTIVEComplete disgestive system with MOUTH and ANUS
Parasitic ones have biting mouth partsto hang onto host
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NERVOUS CEPHALIZATION Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
No eyes
EXCRETORY Nephridia remove nitrogen waste
INTEGUMENTARY Covered with non-cellular CUTICLE for
protection
RESPIRATORY exchange gases through skin
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CIRCULATORY Open circulation like flatworms
REPRODUCTIVE SEPARATE SEXES (males & females)
Life cycle does NOT require 2 different hosts
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ROUND WORMS• Complete digestive system with 2 openings• Open circulatory system • Breathe through skin• Nephridia for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water• Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords/ NO Eyes• SEPARATE SEXES with sexual reproduction• Parasites have teeth but NO suckers for attaching to host• DO NOT Require 2 different hosts to complete life cycle• CUTICLE for protection from host immune system
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SEGMENTED WORMSEarthworms Leeches
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NERVOUS CEPHALIZATION Cerebral ganglia with 1 nerve cord
No eyes
EXCRETORY Nephridia remove nitrogen waste
INTEGUMENTARY Covered with non-cellular CUTICLE for
protection
RESPIRATORY exchange gases through skin
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SEGMENTED WORMSCIRCULATORY CLOSED circulation (blood in vessels)
REPRODUCTIVE HERMAPHRODITES- exchange sperm with partner
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SEGMENTED WORMS• Complete digestive system with 2 openings• CLOSED circulatory system • Breathe through skin• Nephridia for excreting nitrogen waste • Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 1 nerve cord
NO Eyes• HERMAPHRODITES with sexual reproduction• Parasites have suckers for attaching to host• DO NOT Require 2 different hosts to complete life
cycle• CUTICLE for protection