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How are ecosystems different?
Lesson 1
Cycles in Ecosystems
Lesson 2
Changes in Ecosystems
Lesson 3
Biomes
Lesson 4
Water Ecosystems
Chapter 4 Menu
water cycle
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
watershed
runoff
groundwater
carbon cycle
nitrogen cycle
compost
Lesson 1 Splash
What is the water cycle? The continuous
movement of
water between
Earth’s surface
and the air is
the water cycle.
All water on Earth is
recycled constantly.
groundwater
watershed precipitation
condensation
transpiration evaporation
runoff
Lesson 1 a
What is the carbon cycle?
The carbon cycle is the continuous exchange
of carbon among living things.
CO2 in air
dissolved
CO2 in water
marine plankton
remains
rock
respiration
decomposition
photosynthesis
coal natural gas
oil
combustion
(human-made
and natural)
Lesson 1 b
What is the nitrogen cycle?
The nitrogen cycle
is the continuous
trapping of nitrogen
gas into compounds
in the soil and its
return to the air.
nitrogen gas
in air (N2)
nitrogen fixation
denitrification
absorption decomposition
ammonia nitrite nitrate
Lesson 1 c
Other resources need to be recycled,
such as by reusing and by composting.
Some natural resources are
renewable and restore
themselves naturally.
How is matter recycled?
Lesson 1 d
What roles do plants play in the water,
carbon, and nitrogen cycles? Main Idea
Water cycle: Plants release water to the
atmosphere through transpiration.
Carbon cycle: Plants turn carbon dioxide
into carbon-rich foods.
Nitrogen cycle: Plants play a key role in
housing bacteria that fix nitrogen and
transform it into a usable form that other
plants can build with.
Lesson 1 Main Idea Review
____________ is any form of water that falls from the
atmosphere and reaches the ground, such as rain, sleet,
snow, or hail.
The continuous exchange of carbon among living things
is the ___________.
A ___________ is an area from which water is drained.
The changing of a liquid into a gas is ___________.
Precipitation that flows across the land’s surface and is
not absorbed will flow into rivers, lakes, and streams as
___________.
carbon cycle runoff
Vocabulary
evaporation precipitation watershed
Precipitation
Lesson 1 Vocab a Review
____________ is mixture of dead organic material that
can be used as fertilizer.
The continuous trapping of nitrogen gas into compounds in
the soil and its return to the air is called the _______________.
Some runoff water settles underground and becomes ___________.
The continuous movement of water between Earth’s surface and
the air, changing from liquid to gas to liquid, is the ___________.
_____________ is the changing of a gas into a liquid.
compost nitrogen cycle
Vocabulary
condensation groundwater water cycle
Compost
Condensation
Lesson 1 Vocab b Review
water recycled in
process of
evaporation,
condensation,
precipitation
Summarize
End of Lesson
Write a summary of things that
get recycled in an ecosystem.
Many things are recycled
in an ecosystem.
carbon recycled as
plants, carbon-rich
foods release
carbon dioxide
during respiration
nitrogen recycled as
bacteria is turned into
ammonia and returns
nitrogen to ground
through decay
Summary
Lesson 1 GO Review
extinct species
endangered species
threatened species
succession
primary succession
pioneer species
pioneer community
climax community
secondary succession
Lesson 2 Splash
How can ecosystems change?
Natural events such as earthquakes, fires,
and floods can change ecosystems.
Organisms such as beavers, elephants,
and coral can change ecosystems.
Humans can change ecosystems by actions such as cutting
down forests, using pesticides, and causing pollution.
Lesson 2 a
What happens when ecosystems change?
Organisms either adapt to
changes in ecosystems or
their species dies out.
Changes to ecosystems affect the
organisms within that ecosystem.
Lesson 2 b
How do ecosystems come back?
Ecosystems can gradually change over time.
Succession happens when one
ecosystem eventually changes into
a new and different ecosystem.
bare rock lichens and
mosses small plants,
lichens, grasses and shrubs
shrubs and poplar, pine, and willow
trees
maple and beech trees
Lesson 2 c
What is secondary succession?
Secondary
succession is the
beginning of a new
community where
a community had
already existed.
Secondary succession happens faster than
primary succession, but happens in the same
way as primary succession.
Lesson 2 d
What can cause ecosystems to change?
Main Idea
natural: fire, flood, storm, earthquake,
natural succession
human-caused: pollution, land
development, farming, burning forests
Lesson 2 Main Idea Review
The process of one ecosystem changing into a new
and different ecosystem is called ______________.
When a species is in danger of becoming extinct,
it is called an __________________.
__________________ are the first species living
in an otherwise lifeless area.
A ________________ is the final stage of succession.
When the last member of a species dies, the species
becomes an __________________.
climax community
Vocabulary
endangered species pioneer species
Pioneer species
extinct species succession
Lesson 2 Vocab a Review
_____________________ takes place in a community
where few, if any, living things exist, or where earlier
communities were wiped out.
Species with low numbers that could become
endangered are called _____________________.
A _____________________ is the first living
community in an otherwise lifeless area.
_____________________ is the beginning of a new
community where a community had already existed.
pioneer community
Vocabulary
primary succession threatened species
Secondary succession
secondary succession
Primary succession
Lesson 2 Vocab b Review
moss and lichens grow
Cause and
Effect
End of Lesson
Tell the causes and
effects that result in
a barren, lifeless
ecosystem
becoming a forest.
rocks break down
soil collects larger plants grow
soil gets deeper
small trees grow
trees block light
hardwoods grow
pines die hardwoods take over
Lesson 2 GO Review
biome
desert
tundra
taiga
tropical rain forest
temperate rain
forest
deciduous forest
grassland
Lesson 3 Splash
What are biomes? Biomes are Earth’s
major land ecosystems.
Each biome has its own
characteristic animals,
plants, soil, and climate.
Lesson 3 a
What are some harsh biomes?
Tundra and taiga are harsh biomes.
Both have extremely cold weather.
Lesson 3 b
What are some forest biomes?
The two main types of
forest biomes on Earth
are rain forests and
deciduous forests.
There are two types of
rain forests: tropical rain
forests and temperate
rain forests.
tropical rain forest
temperate rain forest
Lesson 3 c
What are grasslands?
The grassland is a biome where
grasses are the main plant life.
Grasses are the producers
of grassland ecosystems.
There are many kinds of
animals living on grasslands.
Lesson 3 d
What are Earth’s six major land biomes?
Main Idea
•desert
• tundra
• taiga
• rain forest
•deciduous forest
•grassland
Lesson 3 Main Idea Review
The _______________ is a forest biome with
four distinct seasons and deciduous trees.
The _______________ is a biome where grasses,
not trees, are the main plant life.
A _______________ is one of Earth’s major land
ecosystems with its own characteristic animals,
plants, soil, and climate.
The _______________ is a cool forest biome
of conifers found in northern regions.
biome deciduous forest
Vocabulary
taiga grassland
Lesson 3 Vocab a Review
A ____________________ is a biome with a lot
of rain, fog, and cool climate.
The ____________________ is a large, treeless biome
where the ground is frozen all year.
The ____________________ is a hot, humid biome near
the equator, with heavy rainfall and a wide variety of life.
A ____________________ is a sandy or rocky biome,
with little precipitation and little plant life.
desert
temperate rain forest
Vocabulary
tundra
tropical rain forest
Lesson 3 Vocab b Review
Classify
End of Lesson
How would you classify the biome
where you live? Give reasons to
support your classification.
The biome where I
live has 4 seasons
with cold winters
and warm summers.
Deciduous Forest Biome
The leaves on the
trees change color
in the fall.
The trees lose their
leaves in the winter.
Lesson 3 GO Review
What are water ecosystems?
Most of Earth’s surface is covered by water.
About 97% of the world’s water is salty
ocean water. The other 3% is fresh water.
benthos nekton plankton
plankton
benthos
nekton
Lesson 4 a
What are freshwater ecosystems?
Rivers and streams are
running-water ecosystems.
Lakes and ponds are
standing-water ecosystems.
Swamps, bogs, and marshes
are freshwater wetlands.
Lesson 4 b
What are ocean ecosystems?
Ocean ecosystems are divided into
three zones: the intertidal zone, the
neritic zone, the oceanic zone.
The oceanic zone is further divided into
the bathyal zone and the abyssal zone.
bathyal zone
abyssal zone
neritic zone
intertidal
zone
Lesson 4 c
Where do salt and fresh water meet?
The boundary where fresh water feeds
into salt water is called an estuary.
Estuaries are unique
ecosystems that are part
salt water and part fresh
water. Estuaries usually
contain salt marshes.
Lesson 4 d
Which water ecosystem contains
most of the world’s water?
Main Idea
Oceans contain most of the
world’s water; it is salt water.
Lesson 4 Main Idea Review
The shallowest part of the ocean ecosystem is called
the ______________.
The boundary where fresh water feeds into salt water is
called an ______________.
______________ are organisms that live on the bottom of
a body of water; many are scavengers and decomposers.
______________ are creatures that drift freely in the water.
______________ are the larger, active swimmers in water
ecosystems, such as fish, turtles, and whales.
benthos
Vocabulary
estuary nekton
Benthos
plankton
Plankton
Nekton
intertidal zone
Lesson 4 Vocab Review
Main Idea Details
Some ecosystems
get a fresh supply
of water every day.
Rivers, streams, and
estuaries get a fresh
supply of water every
day.
Main Idea
and Details
End of Lesson
Which freshwater ecosystems get a fresh
supply of water every day? Which do not?
Use details to support your answer.
Lakes and especially
ponds often have the
same water in place.
Lesson 4 GO Review