HousingSingaporeAud12.ppt

8/14/2019 HousingSingaporeAud12.ppt

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Yangon, in the Context of UrbanizationProcess in Myanmar Trends, Problems & Future

ANDAMAN SEA

Pathein

Bago

Mawlamyaing

Lashio

Pyinmana

Taunggyi

Hinthada

Sitwe Magwe

Myeik

Maungywa

Meiktila

Myingyan

Sagaing

Loikaw

Pyi

Myitkyina

Main Poles

States/Division Capitals

Secondarypotential centrestowns

Pa-an

Haka

Yangon

Mandalay

Administrative centre


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Gist of presentation

1. Yangon in Myanmar context2. Population & Housing3. The Infrastructure (Water, electricity, drains & waste

disposal systems)4. Transportation, Traffic Congestion, Road Network and

Environmental Pollution5. Employment & Industries6. Problem of CBD & its location7. Heritage Conservation & City Character8. The Future Scenarios & Urbanization pattern

9. Legal & Institutional Set-up10. The Urgent Difficulties in Urban Planning & Urban

Development


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Urban Centres over 150 000 population in 2004

43.17

8.75

2.61 2.35 2.06 1.70 1.53

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

Urban population 2004 (Lakhs)

Urban population 2004 (Lakhs)


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Yangon, 4.32, 28%

All Towns Over 150 000(Excluding Yangon), 3.29,

21%

Other Urban Centres, 7.79,51%

Urban Population formation, (Total urban population in2004 is 15.4 million)


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Population & Housing


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Population & Housing Yangon in 2012 has around 5.1 mill. Population, 1.2

mill. households, amounting to 4.2 persons perHousehold

1.02 mill. housing units, indicating that 15 % ofhouseholds are sharing dwelling units with others

There are 6261 Housing Units, 6332 Householdsliving in squatters, indicating 0.9% of populationliving in squatters

Shelter-less people have are not officially registered


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1.99 %

3.40 %

2.61 %

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

1983-93 1993-2003 2003-2013

Decadal Population Growth Rates of Yangon(Annual %)

Decadal Population Growth Rates of Yangon (Annual %)


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C a enges o Yangon n Hous ngSector

h ll f


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Challenges of Yangon in Housing SectorIn the last 20 years, inhumane housingunits were built in thousands

These residential areas hadno:Childrens playground

No Car ParkingNo Proper waste disposalsystems

Above all: no proper buildingdistances and too high FAI


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Challenges of Yangon in Housing Sector(Inhumane dwellings of the last 2

decades)


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Housing EstateDeveloped in 1996

Walk-up apartments8 storey

Challenges of Yangon in Housing Sector (Inhumanedwellings of the last 2 decades)


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n enera u w ou anyPlanning at all


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Present Endeavours in Housing Sector

Development of planned and affordableHousing Estates for lower middle andmiddle income groups

To Develop Housing Financing Mechanism(Partial saving of the people, and gradualrepayment)


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Improved Bo Min Yaung Housing Estate with greenareas & parking (approved, soil-testing)


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Improved Bo Min Yaung Housing Estate with green & play areas(approved, soil-testing)


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Yangon water supply system


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(Infrastructure) Yangon water supply system

YCDC supplies with 160 mill. Gallons (730 mill.Litres) daily.

Mainly from 4 reservoirs, Hlawga, Gyobyu, Pygyi,

Ngamoe Yeik But also from Nyaung Hne Pin, The Pyu, & Yangon

Pauk in the south of Dala

160 mill. Gallons daily should be enough for 5 mill.population, however there are large wastage, sothat only 65% of the population enjoys YCDC water


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T o N a u n g D o n

0g;wpf &m

r*Fvm' Hk

N

Water supply network Yangon


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Sewage & Waster water system


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Yangon from a distance


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Common SewerageSystem

7%

Septic Tank System19%

Pour Flush System28%

Fly Proof Latrines18%

ConventionalUnsanitary Latrine28%

No Latrine0.3%

Sanitary systems in YCDC area in 2002 (from U Thein Min, YCDC)

(Infrastructure) Waste Water Disposal


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The garbage usually block thedrains

M h ll g t k th


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Many challenges to keep theenvironment clean


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Electricity

Danger 10 000

Volts


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(Infrastructure) Electricity

YCDC receives 700 Megawatt (Ministry of Electric Energy, Jan.2012)

Amounting to 140 Watts per person on the average

However large unaccounted energy

Ministry promised to increase supply up to 1000Megawatt by 2015


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Traffic & Transport


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(Infrastructure) Road Network and Traffic

Average driving speed, partially outside CBD &partially in CBD, is between 15 to 18 miles/ hr (23to 30 km/hr. )

There are around 280 000 vehicles in YCDC area,amounting to 900 vehicles / sq. ml. (340vehicles/sq.km)


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0.18

0.230.24

0.260.27

0.28

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

Y 2007 Y 2008 Y 2009 Y 2010 Y 2011 Y 2012 (June)

V e h i c

l e s

( L a k

h s )

Years

Total Vehicles in Yangon (million)

Vehicles in Yangon, increase in the recent years


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206 175 208

864795

1169

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Y2009 Y2010 Y2011

i n n u m

b e r s

Years

Deathly accidents Total acidents in YCDC


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Deathly accidents comparison in ASEANcountries (Worlds average is 93) (Source: WHO report)

19.8

871.4

1,238.50

30.4

210.4

36.5 67.30

606.1

118.8

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Deathly Accidents /100 000 vehicles / year

Deathly Accidents /100 000 vehicles / year


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Public Transport

Estimated about 4 million trips per day, usingpublic transport

Out of which barely 1 % is taken over by traintransport


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Road network traffic congestion not yet


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Road network, traffic congestion, not yetserious, but it is coming


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Source: Calculated based on:- 1 . Traffic and Car Accident Statistics for Thailand,(www.thaiwebsites.com/caraccidents.asp)downloaded on 24th June 2011 2. The Jakarta Post, (http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/12/22/stuck-jakarta-traffic-is-gridlock-coming-early.html) Friday 24Th June 2011 3. Metro Manila, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila) Read on

24th June, 2011 4. New Light of Myanmar (September 22, 2009) via Ma Khine Kywe San, M.Arch.Thesis, Thanlwin GTU,December 2009 Notes: *Bangkok means Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (Bangkok Metropolitan Area)

361.1

2147.1

2702.7

3096.0

0.0

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

2000.0

2500.0

3000.0

3500.0

Yangon Bangkok* Jakarta Manila

Car Density Comparison in Selected ASEAN Cities

Car density (Cars /Sq.Km)
http://www.thaiwebsites.com/caraccidents.asphttp://www.thaiwebsites.com/caraccidents.asphttp://www.thaiwebsites.com/caraccidents.asphttp://www.thaiwebsites.com/caraccidents.asp


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Immediate Actions of YCDC to improve infrastructuresituation

1. Water supply, (To cover deprived areas, to exploremore water resources, improvement of pipingsystem, reduce unaccounted water, now assisted

by JICA)2. Improvement of sewage and drainage situation,

and pilot project to improve Kandawgyi Lake,assisted by JICA)

3. Fly-overs at important junctions, underconstruction


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Present Endeavours of YCDC to improve infrastructuresituation

1. Improvement and extension of circular rail-system

2. Creating parking facilities at the entrance of CBD(Working together with Railway Ministry)


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v u f &Sd&ef u kefNrdKYawmf pn fyi f o m, ma&;au mf rwDe, f edrdwf

&n f n Tef ;csu f

wHwm;ae&mrsm; t q dk jyKMono-Rail


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Employment & Industries


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Employment & Industries (under study)

SecondarySector

0.4019%

PrimarySector

0.20

10%TertiarySector

0.8038%

Tertiary,Irregular

Employment0.7033%

Employment in Mill.



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Endeavours to improve employment situation

1. Many enterprises are still under study

2. The development of Special Economic Zone at

Thilawa might create more job opportunities inthe industrial sector

3. The increase electric supply might create more jobopportunities in the industrial sector

P bl f CBD & i l i


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Problem of CBD & its location(Imbalanced landuse pattern)


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1.Ahlone2.Botataung

6.Pabedan7.Seikan

3.Kyaktada4.Lanmadaw5.Latha


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6% of Yangons population live on 1 % of citys area


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Travelling speed in CBD is sometimes 6 miles (9.5 km)per hour


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Traffic congestion in CBD

A d C i h 150 ( 60 H ) i


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T o N a y P

y i D a w /

M a n d l y

0 5 10 15mile mile

0 5 10 15km km20 M.Aca.

T o N a u n g D o n

Present YCDC boundary

Approx. 230 sq. miles / 597 sq. kmPossib le

Secon da ry Cent er

A secondary Centre with 150 acres (ca 60 Ha) isbeing planned

f d


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Portion of secondary centre



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Issue of Heritage conservation


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Issue of Heritage conservation

Shwe Dagon Pagoda


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Shwe Dagon Pagoda

OLD VISUAL AXIS, GYA TAW YA ROAD


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,


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WHERE IS THE PAGODA ?


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WHERE IS THE PAGODA ?


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LOST VISUAL AXIS TO SHWEDAGONE FROM HNIN ZI GON


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LOST VISUAL AXIS TO SHWEDAGONE FROM HNIN ZI GON


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CULTURAL HERITAGE VISUAL SUPREMACY


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CULTURAL HERITAGE,VISUAL SUPREMACY

THERE ARE SOME ACHIEVEMTS


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Since about 2011 there were somemeasures adopted by YCDC

Since about 2011 some zoning regulations


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Since about 2011 some zoning regulationswere adopted by YCDC


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Concerning the architecturalconservation, YCDC has officially

earmarked 189 buildings


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The recommended tasks for Yangon city andurbanization pattern of Myanmar


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urbanization pattern of Myanmar

Expansion & reorganization of the city Transportation & road network improvement Infrastructure improvement in general Country-wide urban planning & development Reconsidering the polar systems

Changes in Land:Man Ration in Myanmar


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1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003

Rural population (mill) 14.93 18.10 21.94 26.61 32.26 38.92

Total agricultural land (mill. acres) 21.19 23.91 24.58 25.28 24.83 26.36

14.93

38.92

21.19

26.36

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

Changes in Land:Man Ration in Myanmar

Population Estimate for Yangon city area


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4.215.44

6.86

8.64

10.89

2.033.01

7.74

10.37

13.89

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

Y1973 Y1983 Y1993 Y2003 Y2013 Y2023 Y2033 Y2043

M i l l . P o p u

l a t i o n

Decadal Population with 2 Scenarios

Yangon Population Estimate with 2.6% Annual Growth Rate (Mill.)

Yangon Decadal Population Estimate with 3.3% Annual Growth Rate (Mill.)

p g y


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Areas of selected ASEAN cities (sq km)


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792.5

1569.0

740.0646.0

809.2

0.0

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1000.0

1200.0

1400.0

1600.0

1800.0

Yangon (YCDC2010)

Bangkok (BMA2010)

Jakarta (2010) Manila (NCR in2007)

Ho Chi MinhCity (2009)

Areas of selected ASEAN cities (sq.km)

Metropolitan area (sq.km)


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7066.25 7151.75

12945.95

17884.56

8851.62

1943.37

0.00

2000.00

4000.00

6000.00

8000.00

10000.00

12000.0014000.00

16000.00

18000.00

20000.00

Yangon(YCDC 2010)

Bangkok(BMA 2010)

Jakarta(2010)

Manila (NCRin 2007)

Ho Chi MinhCity (2009)

Hanoi (2009)

Population densities in selected ASEAN cities (persons/Sq.km)

Population densities (persons /Sq.km)

In case of Yangon


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33.2-Sq.Ml.in 1950

1974-81 Sq.Ml.

IN 1995-228.9 Sq.Ml .


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Comparison between population in largest cityand second largest city in ASEAN countries (as

collected from Encarta 2009)


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8.66

4.9

14.6

1.297

10.4

1.4

0.06

4.7

0.64

5.8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

)

Population in Largest city (mill)

Population in second largestcity (mill)

Consideration The


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ANDAMAN SEA

Main poles

Towns with around 1.5 Lakhs

States & Division capitals

Two deep seaports are on

the way

Considerationof northernpoleThe

Asianhighways

ThefinalrecommendationisTherequirement

of HumanSettlementsStrategy

andPlan

Legal & Institutional Framework (Historic


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g (Overview)

The 1882 Municipal Act, endowed RangoonMunicipal for Development and Maintenanceof the City

1924 Rangoon Development Trust Act.Based on this RDT Act, RDT was responsiblefor planning & Development of Yangon,

whereas Rangoon Municipal Corporation,was responsible for city maintenance.


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Institutional Framework


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Based on historic legal and institutionalframework, The Department of HumanSettlements still manages some HousingEstates and some areas

YCDC has established Urban Planning Unitwith final manpower of 100, presentlyengaged with around 40 technical staff

L l F k


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Legal Framework

There are no legally binding Zoning Bylaws YCDC adopts with some heritage areas with

height-limits, but these can sometimes be

overruled by higher authorities YCDC is responsible for Building Permits,

but some government agencies and some

companies do not submit applications toYCDC and go ahead with construction

The Urgent Difficulties in Urban Planning &


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g gUrban Development

Not exactly defined procedures andInstitutional Setup, leading to

Strong Departmentalism and ParallelActivities

Departmentalism and Parallel Activity


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p y

R

R

I

R

I

cc

c

LegendCommercial

Residential

Industrial

Mainroads

Express motor ways

Rails

T o N a y P

y i D a w /

M a n d l y

Kyaik HmawW unPago da

T o N a u n g D o m e

Kungyangon

Thongw a

Kayan

c cc

R R

R

R c

c

c

R

I

I

R

R

R

R

0 5 10 15mile mile

0 5 10 15km km20

PROPOSED PHASE 1

P O R T

PossibleSecondary

Center

I

R

R

M.Aca.

Yangon City DevelopmentCommittee

Y.C.D.C

I

Yangon City Development Concept and Possible Extension Areas

PROPOSED PHASE 2

Extension Areas



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Many areas belonging to various ministriescannot be utilized properly, leading to

Large vacant areas and not fully utilized, alsodue to Departmentalism and Parallel Activity

In general lack of coordination



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Lack of personal in urban planning

Lack of personal in infrastructure planning

Lack of manpower in general

Decision makers rarely consider specialistsopinions

Brief Recommendation from an old man to all


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Government Agencies

Cooperate, work together

Leave behind

Departmentalism


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The End

HousingSingaporeAud12.ppt

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