House of Stuart (1603-1714) From King James I to Queen Anne.
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Transcript of House of Stuart (1603-1714) From King James I to Queen Anne.
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House of Stuart (1603-1714)
From King James I to Queen Anne
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The House of Tudor dominated the English
Renaissance 1485-1660.
King Henry VII
King Henry VIIIKing Edward VI
Queen Mary I
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Last, but not least . . .
Queen Elizabeth Idied childless 1603, thus opening the door for a new royal house.
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King James I (James VI
of Scotland; Elizabeth’s 2nd cousin)
1603-1625
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James I: A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty Woman• James lacked Elizabeth’s
ability to resolve critical issues.
• He was a spendthrift; he was thick-tongued and goggle-eyed; he was a foreigner.
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But James I tried hard.• Wrote in favor of the divine right
of kings and against tobacco
• A patron of Shakespeare
• Sponsored the new English translation of the Bible
• An admirable man; a peaceful ruler
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King Charles I (Son of James I)
1625-1649
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The difficulties of James’ reign became
impossibilities to Charles.
•Charles was remote, autocratic, and self-destructive.
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Charles I is beheaded in 1649.
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Interregnum Oliver Cromwell (Puritan),
“Lord Protector”
1653-1658
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Restoration King
Charles II (son of
Charles I)
1660-1685
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The end of the English Renaissance is marked
by the return of the exiled king in 1660.
• Political and secular values began to challenge the accepted doctrines of religion.
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King James II (Catholic brother
of Charles II) 1685-
1688
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• When Charles II died, his brother became James II.
• James II was not well-received because he was Catholic.
• James's second wife gave birth to a son in 1688, and a Roman Catholic dynasty became likely.
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In 1688, William and Mary invaded
England to dethrone the unpopular James
II in the Glorious (“Bloodless”) Revolution.
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King William III (Houses of Orange & Stuart; Charles II’s cousin) and
Queen Mary II (William’s first cousin; James II’s daughter) 1688-
1702
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The Crown was offered to Mary, James’
Protestant daughter, but was accepted
jointly by the two, who ruled as the only joint monarchs in British
history.
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Mary II died of smallpox in 1694,
and William III continued to reign
alone until his death in 1702.
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Queen Anne (James II’s daughter/Mary II’s
sister)
1702-1714
The Last
Stuart
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• Under the Acts of Union 1707, England and Scotland were united as a single state, the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• Anne became its first sovereign, while still holding the title Queen of Ireland.
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Anne's reign was marked by the
development of a two-party system: Whig and Tory
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The Whig party (short for Whiggamore, originally the name of a Scottish
group that opposed Charles I) favored
reform, the rights of the people, Parliamentary
power, and tolerance for religious dissenters.
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The Tory party (from the Irish word for robber) wanted to maintain prerogatives of the
Crown and the authority of the Church of
England.
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Anne personally preferred the Tory
Party, but "endured" the
Whigs.
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Writers such as Daniel Defoe,
Alexander Pope, and Jonathan Swift flourished during
Anne's reign.
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Anne was succeeded by her second cousin,
George I, of the House of Hanover, a descendant of the Stuarts through
his maternal grandmother, Elizabeth,
daughter of James I.
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George I (House of Hanover),
great-grandson of James I
1714-1727
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Whig dominance grew to be so great under George I that the Tories did not
return to power for another half-
century.