Hou Maolin — Influence of climate change on bionomics of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens

Influence of climate change on bionomics of the brown planthopper Nilaparvataplanthopper, Nilaparvata

lugensg

M li H Yi L B k ShiMaolin Hou, Ying Long, Baokun Shi

Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesy g

Climate change and occurrenceClimate change and occurrence of the brown planthopperof the brown planthopper

Dr. Maolin Hou, Group of Rice Insect Pests, IPP, CAAS2011/11/16

Global warmingg


Temperature anomalies (relative to the twentieth century mean) in the north hemisphere. Gustafson, 2010

Global warmingg

Temperature anomalies in Sept (relative to the mean fromDr. Maolin Hou, Group of Rice Insect Pests, IPP, CAAS2011/11/16

Temperature anomalies in Sept. (relative to the mean from 1948 to 2005) in temperate zone (116º~122ºE, 28º~33ºN) of

China

Atmospheric CO2 levelp 2

Dr. Maolin Hou, Group of Rice Insect Pests, IPP, CAAS2011/11/16 Gustafson, 2010

Brown planthopper (BPH)p pp ( )

Migratory insect pestMigratory insect pestOverwinter only in the south of ChinaPrefer high temperat re (25 28ºC)Prefer high temperature (25-28ºC)Damage only cultivated and wild rice

Brachyptery Macroptery


BPH damageg

Piercing phloem-sap Virus diseasePiercing phloem sapTransmit virus diseases

Hopperburn

Piercing sap

pp


BPH occurrence regions

Sporadic occurrence

Frequent occurrence

Heavy occurrence

Dr. Maolin Hou, Group of Rice Insect Pests, IPP, CAAS2011/11/16 Hu et al，1997

BPH occurrence severityy4

3

2

0

1

-1

0

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

-2


Occurrence anomalies of the brown planthopper (0 represents moderate occurrence) in China

Occurrence acreageg

6000060000

发生面积(×667 hectare-time)

50000

亩次

）

40000

积（

万亩

30000

发生

面积

20000

发


20000

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Most heavy occurrence in 20052005

Swarming around road lamp

Light trapped


Reasons underlying BPH heavy occurrenceheavy occurrence

Si th 1970 BPH tb k d d i tl iSince the 1970s, BPH outbreaks occurred predominantly in the autumn, most of which are attributable, to a large extent, to favorable climatic conditions notably favorableto favorable climatic conditions, notably favorable temperature (Cheng et al. 2003, Cheng and Zhu 2006).

Climate change

TemperatureCO2 level TemperatureCO2 level

BPH Rice


Interpreting climate change effectseffects

What will be the population trend of and damage by BPH atWhat will be the population trend of and damage by BPH at the future climate scenario?

Closed chamber test Open-top chamber testLiterature

Bionomic parameters

Climate change scenario Population growth model

Population dynamics

Climate change scenario

Yi ld d d l

Population growth model

Yield damage

Yield damage model


Effects of temperature on mateEffects of temperature on mate-location behavior in BPHlocation behavior in BPH


Temperature & mate-location behaviorbehavior

BPH

Quick development, high survival, long lifespan, high fecundity (Li

Climate change

(Busch et al 2008)

BPH

Suitable Warm autumn

long lifespan, high fecundity (Li 1984；Chen 1986；Gu et al. 1993；Dai et al. 1997)

(Busch et al. 2008)

temperatureWarm autumn

High mating rate (Liu et al. 2004）

Mate-location signals


Temperature & mate-location behavior

• Mate-location signals in BPH: acoustic signals produced by

behavior

abdominal vibration. • The signals are transmitted via rice stems.



• Experiment design

Temperature treatment: 20, 28 and 32ºC;CO2 concentration: ambient;CO2 concentration: ambient;5 d old virgin brachypterous adultsPhotoperiod L:D = 14:8 light intensity 3000lxPhotoperiod L:D = 14:8, light intensity 3000lx

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• Production of mate-location signals in brachypterous females

behavior

♀

80

100

s

ns A

8

10

fem

ale B

g yp ♀

60

80

ing

fem

ales

6

8

quen

cy p

er

20

40

% v

ibra

t

ns *

2

4

brat

ion

freq

*

020℃ 28℃ 32℃

020℃ 28℃ 32℃

ViPercent of vibrating females were reduced at temperatures of 20 and 32ºC as compared with 28ºC (A).



• Production of mate-location signals in brachypterous females ♀

behaviorg yp ♀

300

350

mal

e (s

)

a C3540

ion

(s)

a D

150

200

250

atio

n pe

r fem

a

15202530

sing

le v

ibra

ti

a

a

0

50

100

ibra

tion

dura

b

05

1015

Dur

atio

n of

20℃ 28℃ 32℃Vi

20℃ 28℃ 32℃

Abdominal vibration lasted longer at both 20ºC and 28ºC than at 32ºC (C).Dr. Maolin Hou, Group of Rice Insect Pests, IPP, CAAS2011/11/16


♂

behavior• Production of mate-location signals in brachypterous males

♂g yp

80

100

s

A6

7

er m

ale B

40

60

80

brat

ing

mal

es

*3

4

5

frequ

ency

pe

0

20% v

ib

0

1

2

Vibr

atio

n f

ns

20℃ 28℃ 20℃ 28℃

The males exposed to 32ºC all showed no abdominal pvibration. At 20ºC, percent of vibrating males (A) was significantly reduced than that at 28ºC.



• Production of mate-location signals in brachypterous males♂

g yp♂

100

120

ale

(s)

a C 20

atio

n (s

)

aD

60

80

100

ratio

n pe

r m

10

15

f sin

gle

vibr

a

0

20

40

Vib

ratio

n du

b0

5

Dur

atio

n of

b

20℃ 28℃

V

20℃ 28℃

Vibration duration per male (C) and duration of single p ( ) gvibration (D) were significantly shortened at 20ºC than at 28ºC.



• Perception of mate-location signals

behaviorp g

100

fem

ale ns A

100

ales

ns B

40

60

80

sive

ness

to f

ratio

n (%

)

ns*40

60

80

loca

ted

fem

a

ns *

0

20

40

Mal

e re

spon

svi

br

0

20

40

% m

ales

20℃ 28℃ 32℃M 20℃ 28℃ 32℃

At 20ºC male responsiveness was reduced than at 28ºC (A)At 20ºC, male responsiveness was reduced than at 28ºC (A). Fewer males located females at 32ºC than at 28ºC (B).



• Perception of mate-location signals

600

700

ion

(s)

aC

p g

400

500

600

mat

e lo

cati

a

100

200

300

need

ed fo

r

b

020℃ 28℃ 32℃Ti

me

n

The time needed for mate location was prolonged at both 20ºC and 32ºC than at 28ºC.



• Conclusion

Unsuitable temperature

Inhibit production ofmate-location signals

Impair perception ofmate-location signalsg g

Low rate of mate-location and mating

Warm autumn

Low rate of mate location and mating

High rate of mating and population growth


Effects of elevated CO on BPHEffects of elevated CO2 on BPH fitnessfitness


CO2 and BPH fitness

CO

2

CO2

RiceClosed chamber Closed chamber

BPH

Dr. Maolin Hou, Group of Rice Insect Pests, IPP, CAAS2011/11/16 Open-top chamber

CO2 and BPH fitness

• Experiment design

2

Experiment design

CO2 treatment: 360 ppm (ambient, aCO2) and 750 ppm (elevated eCO2);ppm (elevated, eCO2);Temperature: 28ºC/23ºC for day/night cycleRelative humidity: 70-80%Relative humidity: 70-80%Photoperiod L:D = 14:8, light intensity 5500-6500 lx


CO2 and BPH fitness2

20

mar

yer

s aa• Rice development

25

30

35

d le

ngth 360 ppm 750 ppm a

a 10

15

met

er o

f prim

d no

. of t

ille

Rice development

10

15

20

25

cm2 ),

wid

th a

n(c

m)

b aaa

0

5

ht a

nd d

iam

m (c

m) a

nd

aaaa

0

5

Leaf area Leaf width Leaf lengthLeaf

are

a ( a 0

Height ofprimary stem

Diameter ofprimary stem

No. tillersHei

gh stem

8101214

nd ro

ot (m

g)

ba

2468

ht o

f ste

m a

n

aab a Elevated CO2 reduced fresh


0

Stem freshweight

Stem dryweight

Root dryweight

Wei

gh

2and dry weight of rice stem.


• BPH orientation oviposition and feeding preferenceBPH orientation, oviposition and feeding preference

2.0

2.5

n pl

ants 360 ppm 750 ppm a

a60

80

ed

a a

1.0

1.5

cts

land

ing

o

aa

20

40

60

eggs

dep

osite

0.0

0.5

24h 48h

No.

inse

c

0

20

360 ppm 750 ppm

No.

e

24h 48h

20

25

30

ew p

er th

ree

mg)

a

a

BPH showed no preference between rice plants cultured5

10

15

20

ht o

f hon

eyde

fem

ales

(m


between rice plants cultured at aCO2 and eCO2.

0

5

360 ppm 750 ppm

Wei

gh


• BPH offspring development

15

20

atio

n (d

) 360 ppm 750 ppm

baabaaa

20

25

30

µg)

360 ppm 750 ppmaa

10

15

ngev

ity o

r dur

a baaaaaba

10

15

20

dult

wei

ght (

aaab

5B female all B female B male M male

Adult Nymph

Lon

0

5

BF MM BM

AOn eCO2 plants, BPH macropterous male nymphs developed slower but macropterous male adults were heavier.



• BPH offspring wing dimorphism and sex ratio

2

2.5

chyp

tery

e

360 ppm 750 ppm aa

0 6

0.8

rm

360 ppm 750 ppmaa

1

1.5

2

pter

y to

bra

cm

ale

to m

ale

0.4

0.6

o of

win

g fo

r

a

aa

0

0.5

io o

f mac

rop

and

fem

a

b

0

0.2

Rat

io

b

M/B Female/MaleRat BF MM BM

More brachypterous BPH adults were produced on eCO2plants. No difference in sex ratio was observed. Dr. Maolin Hou, Group of Rice Insect Pests, IPP, CAAS2011/11/16


• BPH offspring fecundity

500

600

mal

e

b200

250

site

d

360 ppm 750 ppm

200

300

400

eggs

per

fem

a

100

150

egg

s de

pos

0

100

360 ppm 750 ppm

No.

e

0

50

1 -10d 10-15d 16-20d 20-25d 25-30d 30-35d

No.

360 ppm 750 ppm 1 10d 10 15d 16 20d 20 25d 25 30d 30 35d

BPH offspring females from eCO2 plants produced fewer eggs.



• Free amino acid (AA) in rice stems

AA aCO2 eCO2 AA aCO2 eCO2

Asp 136 2±19 2a 140 0±3 9a Ile 27 3±0 8a 25 4±0 8aConcentrations of five free AAs increased in eCO plants theAsp 136.2±19.2a 140.0±3.9a Ile 27.3±0.8a 25.4±0.8a

Thr --- --- Lue 35.9±0.4b 32.8±1.0a

Concentrations of five free AAs increased in eCO2 plants, the total concentration of all free AAs did not change.

Ser 394.9±39.3a 393.4±11.4a Tyr 21.5±0.3a 19.8±0.6a

Glu 125.7±10.6a 123.0±3.4a Phe 34.9±2.7a 34.1±1.0a

Gly 11.3±0.2b 10.0±0.2a His 92.5±4.7a 87.4±2.4a

Ala 75.6±8.5a 78.2±3.0a Lys 57.0±0.9b 50.6±0.9a

Cys 51.2±2.2a 47.4±0.6a Arg 57.8±2.0a 54.1±1.6a

Val 88.7±3.2a 82.1±1.3a Pro 14.4±0.2b 13.2±0.4a


Met 10.4±0.2b 9.1±0.1a Total 1235.3±94.6a 1200.4±31.2a


• Free amino acid (AA) in BPH honeydewConcentrations of nine free AAs and the total of all free AAs

AA aCO2 eCO2 AA aCO2 eCO2

increased in honeydew of BPH on eCO2 plants.

Asp 125.8±2.2a 275.4±2.5b Ile 3.1±0.2a 10.3±0.2b

Thr 23.7±1.0a 27.8±0.8a Lue 2.7±0.1a 14.1±0.1b

Ser 46.2±1.1a 43.6±1.2a Tyr 7.1±1.0a 12.0±0.9b

Glu 158.5±4.2a 360.4±5.6b Phe 5.1±0.7a 12.2±0.6b

Gly 22.3±0.6b 13.0±0.5a His 16.5±0.2a 53.5±1.3b

Ala 26.3±0.6a 30.6±0.8b Lys 14.6±0.6a 13.6±0.3a

Cys 9.8±0.1a 17.0±0.6b Arg 11.4±0.2a 12.1±0.7a

Val 21.2±2.7a 83.8±2.3b Pro 8.7±1.0a 9.8±0.3a


Met --- 3.7±0.2b Total 503.1±8.3a 989.1±15.0b


• Conclusion and discussion

Elevated CO2 increased the ratio of BPH brachypterous adults, but decreased oviposition and thus reduced population growthbut decreased oviposition, and thus reduced population growth.

Decreased concentration of Lys and Gly in rice stems might lt i th h i i f d i iti t COresult in the changes in wing form and oviposition at eCO2.

(Zhang et al. 1985)

How is the interactive effects of CO2 and temperature on BPH population?


Thanks！Thanks！The research is supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB951503)( )

D MAOLIN HOUDr MAOLIN HOUInstitute of Plant Protection

Dr. Maolin Hou, Group of Rice Insect Pests, IPP, CAAS2011/11/162011/11/16 报告人：侯茂林

Chinese Academy of Agricultural [email protected]

Hou Maolin — Influence of climate change on bionomics of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens

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