INTEGRATED PROJECT REPORT

DATA COLLECTION ON

STAR HOTEL

STAR HOTEL RATING SYSTEM

CLASSIFICATION OF HOTELS

GREEN BUILDING

LEED

LEED GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM

SUMBITTED TO

MRS TIMCY GARG

SUBMITTED BY

NIKHIL VEMULA

12011CA024

STAR HOTEL

A hotel is an establishment that provides lodging paid on a short-term basis.

Facilities provided may range from a basic bed and storage for clothing, to luxury features

like en-suite bathrooms. Larger hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a

swimming pool, business center, childcare, conference facilities and social function services.

Hotel rooms are usually numbered to allow guests to identify their room. Some hotels offer

meals as part of a room and board arrangement.

Stars are often used as symbols for classification purposes of hotels

based on the facilities and amenities provided by them.

In common language it can be explained as more star means a better hotel. Higher

rated star hotel provides more services and facilities when compared to a lower rated star hotel.

About Hotel Star Ratings

Hotel star ratings are systems that rank hotels according to quality. Star rating

systems are intended to serve as guidelines for guests who are making hotel reservations. Hotel

star ratings constitute a system of ranking quality, to help consumers evaluate a hotel's

amenities, luxury and overall hospitality. Such systems typically rate hotels on a five-star scale,

with five indicating the best, and one (or zero) representing the worst. Five-star hotels, while

usually expensive, offer sophisticate architecture and decor, excellent restaurants and lavishly

sized rooms. As star rankings fall, room sizes, prices and amenities decrease. While star ratings

can be helpful when booking hotels rooms, there is no standardized star rating system.

Understanding Hotel Star Ratings

There are many different standards for hotel classifications, but the star

rating is the most widely used one. Even so, star classifications can differ from country to

country, and there is no universal standard for rating hotels currently. One thing that is common

to the different star rating systems is that the number of stars awarded is indicative of the range

of facilities available, and not necessarily equated to the degree of luxuriousness of the hotel.

Food services, number of restaurants, entertainment, view, room variations such

as size and additional amenities, spas and fitness centers, business centers and conference

facilities, 24-hour room service, ease of access and location are all part of the considerations in

establishing a star rating. Some consider this disadvantageous to smaller hotels whose quality

of accommodation could fall into one class but the lack of an item such as an elevator or valet

parking would prevent it from reaching a higher categorization.

Generally, star ratings run from one-star to five-star; there is no such rating as

six-star or seven-star. A one-star hotel would likely be a small establishment run by the owner

himself, and offer very basic amenities with no restaurant on-site. A five-star hotel would be

very elegant with polished personalized service, providing high quality linens, an exclusive

range of toiletries, in-room video, 24-hour room service, gourmet menus, a full spa, a concierge

desk, etc.

Star Rating Considerations

Star ratings serve as a general guideline, but shouldn't function as the sole

determinant of deciding on a hotel. The location of the hotel, while vital to some visitors, might

not factored in the star rating. A nice hotel in an inconvenient location can cause more

headaches than a mediocre hotel right next to a bus line, train station or major attraction. Star

ratings prove most useful in identifying very poor and very luxurious hotels. A five star-rated

hotel will almost certainly have fabulous amenities, while a one-star hotel is almost guaranteed

to be a dive with little more than a couple of beds to sleep on.

Following are different types of services provided to the customers as

per the different class of Rating System

5-Star Rating: A luxurious hotel, offering the highest degree of personal service. Elegance and style abound, and rooms are equipped with quality linens, VCR, CD stereo,

Jacuzzi tub and in-room video. There are multiple restaurants on site with extensive, gourmet

menus, and room-service is also available 24-7. A fitness center, valet parking and concierge

service round out the experience.

4-Star Rating: Formal, large hotels, with top-notch service. There will usually be other hotels of the same caliber clustered nearby, as well as shopping, dining and entertainment.

Above-average service, beautifully furnished rooms, restaurants, room service, valet parking,

fitness center and a concierge are some amenities to expect.

3-Star Rating: Usually located near a major expressway, business center and/or shopping area, these hotels offer nice, spacious rooms and decorative lobbies. On-site

restaurants may be average in size but will offer breakfast, lunch and dinner. Valet and room

service, a small fitness center and a pool are often available.

2-Star Rating: These hotels are generally part of a chain that offers consistent quality and limited amenities. They are small or medium in size and rooms will have a phone and

TV. While you will not have the convenience of room service, there should be a small

restaurant on site.

1-Star Rating: Expect a small hotel managed and operated by the owner. The atmosphere will be more personal and the accommodations basic. Restaurant service should

be within walking distance, as well as nearby public transportation, major intersections and

entertainment that is reasonable in price.

Inspections and Parameters

The 5-star rating process was done over the course of two inspections. The first

inspection is an unannounced and done with the knowledge of hotel management. The list

includes points for cleanliness, location, and condition of repair. The results of this inspection

determine whether the hotel gets one, two, or three stars.

If the hotel got three stars, then the second inspection is done undercover. The

inspector has a list of 550 different criteria that covers everything from basic service to the

quality of the linens. If these are all met, then the hotel is given its fourth star.

Beyond those 550 points, there are an additional 20 service benchmarks, such as

fresh flowers in the room. If these are met, then the inspector will award the hotel that cherished

5-Star rating.

There are a wide variety of rating schemes used by different organizations around

the world. Many have a system involving stars, with a greater number of stars indicating greater

luxury.

Even though star ratings can seem arbitrary, they can still be beneficial and can

help to inform you about a hotel. For instance, a four or five star hotel is always going to be

more luxurious than a one or two star hotel. A one star hotel is going to be an economy motel

and a two star hotel will be a higher end motel or budget hotel. Even one and two star hotels

will usually have all of the amenities you require for a nights sleep.

However, if youre seeking higher end amenities such as room service, Internet

access, movies, plush linens, fitness center access and the like, youll probably want to look at

hotels that are rated three stars and above. Three star hotels are moderately priced hotels that

are comfortable and absolutely adequate places to stay, but may lack some of the luxury of four

star hotels. A five star rating is reserved exclusively for the countrys highest end chain and

boutique hotels. Expect to pay a premium for five star luxuries.

Classification of Hotels

The hotel industry is so vast that many hotels do not fit into single well defined

category. Hotels are classified according to the hotel size, location, target markets, levels of

service, facilities, number of rooms, ownership and affiliation etc.

Based on location

City center: Generally located in the heart of city within a short distance from business center, shopping arcade.

Resort hotels: They are also termed as health resort or beach hill resort and so depending on their position and location. They cater a person who wants to relax,

enjoy themselves at hill station. Most resort work to full capacity during peak season.

Sales and revenue fluctuate from season to season.

Floating hotels: It is located on river, sea or big lakes.

Boatels: A house boat hotels is referred as boatels, which offers luxurious accommodation to travelers.

Based on the Length of Stay

Transient Hotel: These are where guest stays for a day or even less, they are usually five star hotels. The occupancy rate is usually very high. These hotels are

situated near airport.

Residential hotels: These are the hotel where guest can stay for a minimum period of one month and up to a year. The rent can be paid on monthly or quarterly

basis. They provide sitting room, bed room and kitchenette.

Semi residential hotels: These hotels incorporate features of both transient and residential hotel.

Based on Theme

Depending on theme hotel may be classified into Heritage hotels, Ecotels, Boutique,

Hotels and Spas.

Heritage hotel: In this hotel a guest is graciously welcomed, offered room that have their own history, serve traditional cuisine and are entertained by folk artist.

These hotels put their best efforts to give the glimpse of their region. Example: Jai

Mahal palace in Jaipur.

Ecotels: these are environment friendly hotels these hotel use ecofriendly items in the room. Example: Orchid Mumbai is Asia first and most popular five star ecotel.

Boutique hotels: This hotel provides exceptional accommodation, furniture in a themed and stylish manner and caters to corporate travelers. Example: In India the

park Bangalore is a boutique hotel.

Spas: is a resort which provide therapeutic bath and massage along with other features of luxury hotels in India Ananda spa in Himalaya are the most popular Spa.

Target Markets

Hotel target many markets and can be classified according to the markets they

attempt to attract their guests. Common type of markets include business, airport, suites,

residential, resort, timeshare, casino, convention and conference hotels.

Business Hotels: - These hotels are the largest group of hotel types and cater primarily to business travelers and usually located in downtown or business districts.

Although Business hotels primarily serves business travelers, many tour groups,

individual tourists and small conference groups find these hotels attractive. Guest

amenities at business hotels may include complimentary newspapers, morning coffee,

free local telephone calls, Breakfast etc.

Resort Hotels: - Resort hotels are usually located in the mountains, on an island, or in some other exotic locations away from cities. These hotels have recreational

facilities, scenery, and golf, tennis, and sailing, skiing and swimming. Resort hotels

provide enjoyable and memorable guest experiences that encourage guest to repeat to

the resort.

Airport Hotels: - These type of hotels typically target business clientele, airline passengers with overnight travel layovers or cancelled flights and airline personnel.

Some hotels might give free transport between hotel and airport. Some hotels also

provide meeting facilities to attract guests who travel to a meeting by air and wish to

minimize ground travel. Another attraction of these hotels is instead of charging the

guest on a daily basis guest can also pay for their room on an hourly basis.

Suite Hotels: - These kind of hotels are the latest trend and the fastest growing segments in the hotel industry. Main attraction of these hotels is guestrooms with a

living room and a separate bedroom. In exchange for more complete living room suite

hotels generally have fewer and more limited public areas and guest services than other

hotels. Professionals such as accountants, lawyers, business men and executives find

suite hotels particularly attractive as they can work and also entertain in an area besides

the bedroom.

Extended Stay Hotels: - Extended stay hotels is somewhat similar to the suite hotels, but usually offers kitchen amenities in the room. These kind of hotels are for

travelers who want to stay more than a week and does not want to depend on the service

of the hotel. Extended service hotels usually does not provide any F & B service or

Laundry service etc. These kind of hotels are considered by guests as "Home away from

home "

Apartment Hotels: - Apartment / Residential hotels provide long-term or permanent accommodation for Guest. Usually guest makes a lease agreement with the

hotel for minimum of one month up to a year. These lease agreements are renewed on

a yearly basis. Guest rooms generally include living room, bedroom, kitchen, private

balcony, washing machines, kitchen utensils etc. Residential hotel also provided

Housekeeping, laundry, telephone and in some hotels a restaurant and lounge etc. will

be present on the premises.

Bed and Breakfast Hotels: - These are houses with rooms converted into overnight facilities, this can size up to 20 to 30 guest rooms. They are also known as

'Home Stay's'. The owner of the B&B usually stay on the premises and is responsible

for serving breakfast to guest. Due to the limited services offered at these hotels the

price for room is very less than any full service hotel.

Timeshare and condominium Hotels: - Another new type or segment of the hospitality industry is the timeshare hotels. These are sometimes referred to as

Vacation-interval" hotels. Timeshare hotels are where the guests who purchase the

ownership of accommodations for a specific period .These owners may also have the

unit rented out by the management company that operates the hotel.

Casino Hotels :- Hotels with gambling facilities may be categorized as a distinct group called Casino Hotels .Although the food and beverage operations in casino is

luxurious their functions is secondary to and supportive of casino operations. Casino

hotels attract guest by promoting the gambling and other entertainments.

Conference Centers: - These type of hotels focus on meeting and conferences and overnight accommodation for meeting attendees. They also provide High quality

audiovisual equipments, business services, flexible seating arrangements, flipchart etc.

These hotels mostly located outside the metropolitan areas and have facilities like golf,

swimming pools, tennis courts, fitness centers, spas etc.

Convention Centers: - Convention hotels are larger in size compared to conference centers and likely to have more than 1500 rooms. These hotels are huge and

have sufficient number of guest rooms to house all the attendees of most conventions,

even the size of the meeting rooms , ball rooms , exhibit rooms are quite huge .They

usually cater to convention market for state , regional , national, and international

associations .

Levels Of service

World class service: - These are also called luxury hotels, they target top business

executives, entertainment celebrities, high- ranking political figures, and wealthy

clientele as their primary markets. They provide upscale restaurants and lounges,

concierge services and also private dining facilities. Guestrooms are oversized, heated

and plush bath towels, large soaps bars, shampoo, shower caps and all amenities.

Housekeeping services are given two times a day including turn-down service. Above

all luxury hotels give personalized service to the guest and have a relatively high ration

of staff members to guests.

Mid-Range Service: - Hotels offering mid-range service appeal to the largest segment

of the travelling public. This kind of hotels does not provide elaborate service and have

an adequate staffing. They also provide uniformed service, food and beverage room

service, in room entertainment's and also Wi-Fi. Property may offer a specialty

restaurant, coffee shop and lounge that cater to visitors as well as hotel guests. Type of

guests who like to stay at these hotels are business people, individual travellers, and

families.

Economy / Limited Service: These hotels provide clean, comfortable, safe,

inexpensive rooms and meet the basic need of guests. Economy hotels appeal primarily

to budget minded travelers who wants a room with minimum services and amenities

required for comfortable stay, without unnecessary paying additional cost for costly

services .These type of hotels might not offer food and beverage facilities.

Green Building

Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable

building) refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally and resource-

efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation,

maintenance, renovation, and demolition.

In other words, green building design involves finding the balance between

homebuilding and the sustainable environment. This requires close cooperation of the design

team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building

practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility,

durability, and comfort.

A green building is not an assemblage of environmental components or a

piecemeal modification of an already-designed, standard building. These approaches not only

add to the buildings cost, but also produce marginal resource savings at best.

True green building takes a holistic approach to programming, planning, designing, and

constructing (or renovating) buildings and sites.

It involves connecting often-interlinked issues such as site and climate, building

orientation and form, lighting and thermal comfort, materials, etc., and optimizing all

these aspects in concert.

In order to capture the multiple benefits of synergistic design, the whole system

design process must occur early in the buildings conception and involve

interdisciplinary teamwork.

In the conventional, linear development process, key people are often left out of

decision-making or brought in too late to make a worthwhile contribution.

Early and complete collaboration, however, can reduce or eliminate both capital and

operating costs, while at the same time meeting environmental and social goals.

Green building design eliminates waste and redundancy wherever possible.

One of the key ways of reducing resource consumption and cost is to evaluate first whether a

new building needs to be built. Renovating an existing building can save money, time, and

resources, while often enabling a company (or a family, if it is a residential building) to be

located in a part of town with existing infrastructure and public transportation, enhancing

convenience and reducing sprawl. If a new building is required, it should be sized only as large

as it really needs to be. Smaller buildings require fewer materials, less land, and less operational

energy. Our cultural assumption is that we should buy (or lease) as much square footage as we

can afford.

Green design elements may each serve several functions and might allow other

building components to be downsized.

For example,

Better windows and insulation can result in smaller heating systems;

Photovoltaic panels can doubles shade for parking or can replace a buildings spandrel

glazing.

Green Buildings use various techniques to reduce heat flow by natural heating and

cooling methods to improve the living conditions and make the building energy efficient.

Techniques include

Daylighting,

Passive solar heating,

Natural ventilation,

Passive cooling,

Efficient and right-sized HVAC systems, and

Utilization of waste heat.

Green building brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to

reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It

often emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using sunlight through passive

solar, active solar, and photovoltaic equipment, and using plants and trees through green

roofs, rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques are used, such as

using low-impact building materials or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of

conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water.

While the practices or technologies employed in green building are constantly evolving and may

differ from region to region, fundamental principles persist from which the method is derived:

siting and structure design efficiency, energy efficiency, water efficiency, materials efficiency,

indoor environmental quality enhancement, operations and maintenance optimization and waste

and toxics reduction.

The main objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built

environment on human health and the natural environment by:

Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources

Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity

Reducing pollution and environmental degradation

Life cycle assessment

Siting and structure design efficiency

Energy efficiency

Water efficiency

Materials efficiency

Indoor environmental quality enhancement

Operations and maintenance optimization

Waste reduction

Leadership in Energy and Environmental

Design (LEED)

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating

systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes

and neighborhoods.

In other words it can be defined as a green building certification program that

recognizes best-in-class building strategies and practices. To receive LEED certification,

building projects satisfy prerequisites and earn points to achieve different levels of certification.

The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) developed LEED certification

process to enhance environmental awareness among architects and building contractors, and to

encourage the design and construction of energy-efficient, water-conserving buildings that use

sustainable or green resources and materials.

LEED certification process uses a point system to determine the environmental

merits of a building; there are different rating systems for homes, commercial buildings,

interior renovations, schools, neighborhood developments, and other construction projects.

For most projects, there are four levels of LEED certification, depending on how

many points the project has earned: certified, silver, gold or platinum. According to the

USGBC, there are nine key areas measured by LEED:

Sustainable Sites

Water Efficiency

Energy and Atmosphere

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Location and Linkages

Awareness and Education

Innovation in Design

Regional Priority

LEED Rating system

LEED has evolved since 1998 to more accurately represent and incorporate

emerging green building technologies. The pilot version, LEED New Construction (NC) v1.0,

led to LEED NCv2.0, LEED NCv2.2 in 2005, and LEED 2009 (previously named LEEDv3)

in 2009. LEEDv4 was introduced in November, 2013.

LEED 2009 encompasses nine rating systems for the design, construction and

operation of buildings, homes and neighborhoods. Five overarching categories correspond to

the specialties available under the LEED Accredited Professional program. That suite currently

consists of:

Green Building Design & Construction

LEED for New Construction

LEED for Core & Shell

LEED for Schools

LEED for Retail: New Construction and Major Renovations

LEED for Healthcare

Green Interior Design & Construction

LEED for Commercial Interiors

LEED for Retail: Commercial Interiors

Green Building Operations & Maintenance

LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance

Green Neighborhood Development

LEED for Neighborhood Development

Green Home Design and Construction

LEED for Homes

LEED certified buildings offer a wide range of cost savings and occupant benefits.

Included here are lower operating costs and increased asset value, reduced waste sent to

landfills, less water and energy consumption, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, healthier

indoor air, eligibility for tax rebates, zoning allowances, and other incentives. In addition to

this, in society today that places considerable value on environmental stewardship, LEED

participation demonstrates an owners commitment to environmental and social responsibility.

Pursuing LEED certification for a project is an additional added cost since it can increase the

cost of initial design and construction and require the need to use LEED accredited

professionals to undertake a building project. These costs are offset by savings obtained over

time by the lower than industry standard building costs typical of LEED certified buildings.

LEED certified buildings also tend to command higher rental rates and greater occupancy than

non-green buildings. Studies have also shown that workers in LEED certified buildings have

increased labor productivity, job retention, and days worked.

The LEED rating system offers four levels of certification for new building constructions.

These ratings include:

Certified: 26-32 points

Silver: 33-38 points

Gold: 39-51 points

Platinum: 52-69 points

These points correspond to the number of credits that can be obtained in the Green Building

design categories:

sustainable sites-26 points

water efficiency-10 points

energy and atmosphere-35 points

materials and resources-14 points

indoor environmental quality-15 points

innovation and design-6 points

Regional Priority 4 points

A building requires a minimum of 26 points to obtain LEED certification.