HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG...
-
Upload
hoangquynh -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
0
Transcript of HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG...
![Page 1: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
COMPARATIVE STUDY FLACS vs FLUENT
Cristina Zuliani, SAIPEM S.p.a
HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM
GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG
PLANT:
![Page 2: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
CRISTINA ZULIANI
Loss prevention and Environment
department
Fano
SAIPEM S.p.A.
![Page 3: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
COMPARATIVE STUDY FLACS vs FLUENT
Cristina Zuliani, SAIPEM S.p.a
HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM
GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG
PLANT:
![Page 4: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
OUTLINE
Comparative study:
▫ Introduction and objective
▫Description of case study and modelling approach
▫CFD model
▫Findings
▫Conclusions
Effect of adjacent flare pits operations
![Page 5: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
OUTLINE
Comparative study:
▫ Introduction and objective
▫Description of case study and modelling approach
▫CFD model
▫Findings
▫Conclusions
Effect of adjacent flare pits operations
![Page 6: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Introduction – Flares in LNG plants
ALTERNATIVE
GROUND FLARE ELEVATED FLARE
![Page 7: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Introduction – Ground Flares
Large dimensions
Hundreds of burners
Large amount of flue
gases generated
![Page 8: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Introduction – Ground Flares
Safety Concerns
Pollutant emissions
Heat generated
High temperature gases
impacting on:
Personnel on elevated
structures
Equipment performance
(i.e. air coolers)
Equipment/buildings/
structures
![Page 9: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Objective
Plume temperature profile
Turbulence, etc.
Geometryand terraininteraction
Cross windeffects
![Page 10: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Objective
Iso - surface temperature profile
Temperature slice profile
Measured temperature at target locations
![Page 11: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
OUTLINE
Comparative study:
▫ Introduction and objective
▫Description of case study and modelling approach
▫CFD model
▫Findings
▫Conclusions
Effect of adjacent flare pits operations
![Page 12: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Case Study – Ground flare LNG plant
Ground flare
400m
520m
670m
Gas Turbine
Air coolers
Targets:
Gas turbine
Air coolers
Criteria:
Personnel: 70°C
Equipment
performance: +2°C
increase above Tamb
W
NW
![Page 13: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Case study - Scenarios
Case ID
Prevailing wind direction
from
Wind velocity
[m/s]
1 W 7
2 W 15
3 N-W 7
4 N-W 15
Constant variables
Ambient
Temperature [°C]33
Flue gas flow rate
[t/h]74870
Flue gas
temperature [°C]1195
Composition
(vol %)
N2 – 75%
O2 – 10%
CO2 – 5%
H2O – 10%
![Page 14: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Modelling approach
Complete mixing of flue gases and entrained air –
homogeneous emitting source
No combustion chemistry – 100% excess air
Flames entirely shielded – no radiation
![Page 15: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
OUTLINE
Comparative study:
▫ Introduction and objective
▫Description of case study and modelling approach
▫CFD model
▫Findings
▫Conclusions
Effect of adjacent flare pits operations
![Page 16: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
CFD Model set up – FLUENT v.12
Domain (LxWxH) 1100x1100x700m
Unstructured hexahedral grid
Turbulence sub-model: RNG k-
epsilon model
Boundary conditions:
Velocity inlet (Inlet, Top)
Pressure outlet (Outlet, left and
right side)
Wall (Ground)
![Page 17: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
CFD Model set up – FLACS v.10.2
Domain (LxWxH)
1500x1500x600m
Cartesian grid – refined around
the leak
Dispersion and ventilation – New
species
Wind & nozzle boundary
conditions
Area leak: Rectangular – uniform
![Page 18: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
OUTLINE
Comparative study:
▫ Introduction and objective
▫Description of case study and modelling approach
▫CFD model
▫Findings
▫Conclusions
Effect of adjacent flare pits operations
![Page 19: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – CASE 1 & 2
Temperature vertical profile at Gas Turbine
Ground flare
Gas TurbineW
Minor differences in the
maximum registered T (max
10°C)
Minor differences in the
position of the peak
temperature
Minor differences in the
registered T at target
height (22m) – Max 5%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
306 311 316 321 326 331 336 341 346 351 356
Heig
ht
(m)
Temperature (K)
W 7ms (FLACS) W 7ms (FLUENT) W 15ms (FLACS) W 15ms (FLUENT)
H=22m
![Page 20: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Case 1 (W - 7m/s)
Iso-surface (70°C)
FLACS
FLUENT
No impact on
personnel
Plan view Side view
Plan view Side view
![Page 21: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Case 1
Iso-surface (70°C)
FLACS
![Page 22: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Case 1
Velocity streamlines
FLACS
![Page 23: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Case 1
Temperature slice - + 2°C contour above Tamb
FLACS FLUENT
@ ground
![Page 24: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Case 1
Temperature slice - 70°C contours at centreline
FLACS FLUENT
No impact on personnel at GT area
![Page 25: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Case 2 (W - 15m/s)
Iso-surface (70°C)
FLACS
FLUENT
No impact on
personnel
Plan view Side view
Plan view Side view
![Page 26: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Case 2
Temperature slice - + 2°C contour above Tamb
FLACS FLUENT
Equipment performance is affected
@ground
400m
![Page 27: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Ground flare
Air coolers
NWFindings – Case 3 & 4
Temperature vertical profile at Air Coolers
Minor differences in the
maximum registered T –
Max 8°C (2%)
Minor differences in the
position of the peak
temperature
Minor differences in the
registered T at target
height (22m) – Max 1%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
306 308 310 312 314 316 318 320 322 324 326
Heig
ht
(m)
Temperature (K)
NW 7ms (FLACS) NW 7ms (FLUENT)
NW 15 ms (FLACS) NW 15ms (FLUENT)
H=22m
![Page 28: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Case 3 (NW – 7m/s)
Iso-surface (70°C)
FLACS
FLUENT
No impact on
personnel
Plan view Side view
Plan view Side view
![Page 29: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Case 4 (NW – 15m/s)
Iso-surface (70°C)
FLACS
FLUENT
No impact on
personnel
Plan view Side view
Plan view Side view
![Page 30: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Case 4
Temperature slice - + 2°C contour above Tamb
AC performance is affected
@22m
FLACS FLUENT
670m
![Page 31: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
OUTLINE
Comparative study:
— Introduction and objective
— Description of case study and modelling approach
— CFD model
— Findings
— Conclusions
Effect of adjacent flare pits operations
![Page 32: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Conclusions
FLACS confirms the same conclusions of the study
performed with FLUENT:
Performance of target equipment may be affected
No impact on personnel
Main differences:
FLACS - slightly higher maximum plume T (max 5%)
FLACS - slightly shorter extension of the 70°C iso-surface
FLACS - less evident plume bifurcation behaviour for the low wind
scenarios
![Page 33: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Conclusions
Turbulence model: strength of buoyancy production in
the transport equation of the turbulence dissipation rate is
different;
More turbulence in FLACS – More mixing – shorter high T plumes
Inlet wind turbulence conditions; this is responsible
for the length of the plume, in particular at large distances
downwind;
Grid resolution effects in the far field. Effect of grid
stretching in FLACS
FLACS
FLUENT
𝐶3𝜀𝐹𝐿𝐴𝐶𝑆 = 1 − 𝐶3𝜀𝐹𝐿𝑈𝐸𝑁𝑇
Buoyancy production definition
![Page 34: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
OUTLINE
Comparative study:
— Introduction and objective
— Description of case study and modelling approach
— CFD model
— Findings
— Conclusions
Effect of adjacent flare pits operations
![Page 35: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Adjacent flare pits
What happens?
How does the relative distance affect the plume?
![Page 36: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Adjacent flare pits – Scenarios
Case ID
Prevailing wind direction
from
Wind velocity
[m/s]
1 W 7
2 W 15
3 N-W 7
4 N-W 15
Distance
40mDistance
80m
![Page 37: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Adjacent flare pits – CASE 1
SINGLE PIT
TWO FLARE PITS
40m
TWO FLARE PITS
80m
Significant interaction
at 40m distance:
Longer and wider
plume
Behaviour
comparable to a
single larger GF
Reduced interaction
at 80m distance
![Page 38: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Adjacent flare pits – CASE 1
CASE 1 – 40m distance
![Page 39: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Adjacent flare pits – CASE 1
CASE 1 – 80m distance
![Page 40: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Adjacent flare pits – CASE 2
SINGLE PIT
TWO FLARE PITS
40m
TWO FLARE PITS
80m
Significant interaction
at 40m distance:
Longer and wider
plume
Behaviour
comparable to a
single larger GF
No interaction at 80m
distance
![Page 41: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Adjacent flare pits – CASE 3
SINGLE PIT
TWO FLARE PITS
40m
TWO FLARE PITS
80m
Longer and wider
plume
Behaviour
comparable to a
single larger GF
![Page 42: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Findings – Adjacent flare pits – CASE 4
SINGLE PIT
TWO FLARE PITS
40m
TWO FLARE PITS
80m
Longer and wider
plume
Behaviour
comparable to a
single larger GF
![Page 43: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Conclusions - Adjacent flare pits
Plume interaction can be significant and alter
conclusions of the analysis:
Adjacent flare pits with limited separation distance behave as a
single larger flare pit
Separation distance between flare pits is an important
design parameter and needs to be investigated with
sensitivity analysis
![Page 45: HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN … · HOT PLUME DISPERSION FROM GROUND FLARES IN AN LNG ... Flames entirely shielded –no radiation. ... Temperature vertical profile](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022021801/5b3f416b7f8b9aff118be891/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45FLUG Meeting – Bergen 1st June 2016
Conclusions
Wind inlet boundary conditions:
FLUENT: ABL based on Richard and Hoxey
FLACS: ABL based on Monin and Obukhov