Host-specific genetic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5N1)

Madiha Salah Ibrahim • Yohei Watanabe • H. F. Ellakany • Aki Yamagishi • Sompong Sapsutthipas • Tetsuya Toyoda •

H. S. Abd El-Hamied • Kazuyoshi Ikuta

M. S. Ibrahim Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour

University, Damanhour, Egypt e-mail: madihasalah@yahoo.com

H. F. Ellakany Department of Poultry Diseases and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

T. Toyoda Unit of Viral Genome Regulation, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai,

China H. S. Abd El-Hamied

Department of Poultry Diseases and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour,

Egypt

Abstract The complete genome sequences of two isolates A/chicken/Egypt/CL6/07 (CL6/07) and A/duck/Egypt/D2br10/07 (D2br10/07) of highly pathogenic avian influenza

virus (HPAI) H5N1 isolated at the beginning of 2007 outbreak in Egypt were determined and compared with all Egyptian HPAI H5N1 sequences available in the GenBank. Sequence analysis utilizing the RNA from the original tissue homogenate showed amino acid substitutions in seven of theviral segments in both samples. Interestingly, these changes were different between the CL6/07 and D2br10/07 when compared to other Egyptian isolates. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis showed independent sub-clustering of the Keywords: H5N1 _ Sequencing _ Phylogeny _ Egypt Published In: This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com References 1. A. Al-Azemi, J. Bahl, S. Al-Zenki, Y. Al-Shayji, S. Al-Amad, H. Chen, Y. Guan, J.S.M. Peiris, G.J.D. Smith, Avian influenza virus (H5N1) outbreaks, Kuwait, 2007. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 14, 958–960 (2008) 2. M.M. Aly, A. Arafa, M.K. Hassan, Epidemiological findings of outbreaks of disease caused by highly pathogenic H5N1 Avian influenza virus in poultry in Egypt during 2006. Avian Dis. 52, 269–277 (2008) 3. M.M. Bahgat, M.A. Kutkat, M.H. Nasraa, A. Mostafa, R. Webby, I.M. Bahgat, M.A.A. Ali, Characterization of an avian influenza virus H5N1 Egyptian isolate. J. Virol. Methods 159, 244–250 (2009) 4. G. Cattoli, I. Monne, A. Fusaro, T.M. Joannis, L.H. Lombin, M.M. Aly, A.S. Arafa, K.M. Sturm-Ramirez, E. Couacy-Hymann et al., Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in

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Growth Performance and Immune Response Against Newcastle and Avian Influenza Vaccines in Egyptian Chicken Strains

1Ayman E. Taha, 2Mohamed A. El-Edel, 3Hany F. El-Lakany and 4Ramadan.S.

Shewita

1Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt 2Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Behira, Egypt

3Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Behira, Egypt

4Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt

Abstract 280 one day-old chicks of four Egyptian chicken strains (Mandarah, Inshas, El-Salam and Dokki-4) were used (70 chicks per strain) for successive 12 weeks in order to assess the differences of some growth parameters (body weight, body weight gain (BG), relative growth rate (RGR) and livability percentage) as well as immune response against Newcastle (ND) and avian influenza (AI) vaccine. Results revealed that Mandarah chickens showed the highest body weight among the studied strains at hatch, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of age, while El-Salam strain showed an increase in body weight at 12 week of age. Also, El-Salam chickens recorded higher overall weight gain while the lowest was recorded for Dokki-4 chickens, no differences between four strains for overall RGR, moreover better livability percentage recorded

by El-Salam strain. Higher immune response for ND and AI viral vaccines were recorded for Dokki-4 strain that expressed the higher antibody titers for ND vaccine at 14th, 25th, 35th, 45th and 60th days of age and for AI vaccine at 25th, 35th, 45th and 60th days of age. It was concluded that El-Salam strain is the best strain for growth performance parameters, while Dokki-4 strain is the best strain for immune response against ND and AI viral vaccines. Key words: Egypt % Chicken Strains % Body weight % Livability % Newcastle virus % Avian influenza

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productive and physiological traits of broiler chicks fed diets with or without aflatoxin during the first 3 weeks of life

Y. A. Attia1* , H. F. Allakany2, A. E. Abd Al-Hamid3, A. A. Al-Saffar4, R. A.

Hassan5 and N. A. Mohamed5

1 Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment

and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abudlaziz University, Saudi Arabia,

2 Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, (El-Bostan), Damanhour University, Egypt,

3 Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture,

Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt,

4 Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, FRD/AAD, Safat, Kuwait, and

5 Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, ARC, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt

abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine whether some non-nutritive feed additives (NNFA) could block the adverse effects of aflatoxin (AF) on growth performance and physiological parameters of Cobb broilers throughout the period from 1 to 21 day of age. There were eight treatments consisting of two levels of AF at 0 and 200 ppb and four NNFA within each AF level. These additives included mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) at 2 g/kg diet, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate

(HSCAS) at 2 g/kg diet and Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lac) at 2 g/kg diet. At 21 day of age, five chickens of each treatment were slaughtered to study dressing percentage and relative weight of inner organs and glands. AF had a significant negative effect on body weight gain (BWG), and feed intake, while impairing feed conversion ratio (FCR). Aflatoxin significantly increased percentage liver, lymphocyte (%), monocyte (%), serum triglyceride level, and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), concentrations while decreasing dressing percentage, intestinal percentage, white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hgb), packed cell volume (PCV), heterophil (%), heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, total serum protein and serum albumin. Aflatoxin adversely affected the morphology of the liver, bursa and the thymus. There was a significant interaction between AF and NNFA on the relative weights of liver, heart and intestine. Lac completely blocked the negative effects of AF on the percentage liver and the heart and partially on the intestine. In conclusion, Lac was most effective in reversing the adverse effects of AF on growth and FCR and on the percentage, functions and morphology of the liver. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate also improved the economic traits of broilers but was less effective than Lac and more effective than MOS.

Keywords aflatoxin, broilers, productive performance, feed additives, blood constituents

published: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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