Hospitality And Tourism Management

By - Kanika Jain

By - Kanika Jain

HOSPITALITY

What is Hospitality Hospitality is the relationship between a guest and a host , or the act or practice of being hospitable , i.e., the reception and entertainment of guests , Visitors , or strangers , resorts , membership clubs , conventions , attractions , special events , and other services for travelers and tourists . The true meaning of hospitality “ The warm and generous reception of guests and strangers . Hospitality word taken from French word “ HOSPICE” which mean • Take care of those travelling

Hospitality is the act of generously providing care and kindness to whosoever is in need .By - Kanika Jain

A hospitality unit such as a restaurant , hotel , or even an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance , direct operations ( servers , house keepers , porters , kitchen workers , bartenders ,etc. ) , management , marketing and human resources .

By - Kanika Jain

By - Kanika Jain

Definition According to Oxford reference Dictionary , hospitality is the “ Friendly and generous reception and entertainment of ‘guests or strangers ‘ or kindness in welcoming guests of strangers “

King ( 1995 ) Identifies a difference between private and commercial hospitality , where private is defined as acts by individuals in a private setting such as the home and commercial hospitality is defined as , meals , beverage , lodging and entertainment provided for profit .

By - Kanika Jain

Hospitality Industry

The hospitality industry consists of broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging , restaurants , event planning , theme parks , transportation , cruise line , and additional fields within the tourism industry .

The hospitality industry is a 3.5 trillion dollar service sector within the global economy . It is an umbrella term for board variety of service industries including , but not limited to , hotels , food service , casinos , and tourism. The hospitality industry is very diverse and global . The industry is cyclical ; dictated by the fluctuations that occur with an economy every year . Today , hospitality sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in India .

By - Kanika Jain

History of Hospitality

The history of the hospitality industry dates all the way back all the way back to the colonial period in the late 1700S .

Things have changed quite a bit since then the hospitality industry has experienced significant development over the year as it has faced world wars , The depression and various social changes .

Facilities offering guests hospitality have been in evidence since early biblical times .

The Greeks developed thermal baths in villages designed for rest . Romans built mansions to provide accommodation for travellers on government business .

By - Kanika Jain

In the Middle ages , monasteries and abbeys were the first establishment to offer refuge to travellers on a regular basis .Religious orders built hospitals to cater for those on the move .

By - Kanika Jain

Nature of Hospitality Industry

1) Intangibility : The hospitality products cannot be seen , tested , felt , heard or smelled before they are purchased . When the sales representative of a hotel room they do not take hotel room with them . In fact they do not sell a room .

2) Inseparability : Hospitality services , both the service provider and the customer must be present for the transaction to occur . The food in a restaurant may be outstanding , but if the service person has a poor attitude or provides inattentive service , customer customers will down-rate the overall restaurant experience

3) Heterogeneity : Services are highly variable because their quality depends on who and where they are provided . In service delivery high level of human involvement is required . This makes it vary every time the consumer is availing the service .

By - Kanika Jain

4) Perishability : Services cannot be stored . Vacant rooms are perishable . The unsold room tonight can never be sold again .

5) Fixed Salary : Supply of rooms in a hotel is fixed . Airlines adjust to demand by temporarily adding or removing flights . This is not so with hotels .

6) High Operating Cost : Unlike manufacturing industries , which offset labour with large capital investments , hotels are both capital and labour intensive .

7) Seasonality : It means changes in business , employment or buying patterns which occurs predictably at given times of the years. On a business site , Seasonality is defined as seasonal fluctuation in economic or business activity which occurs again and again regularly during a year as a result of changes in climate , holidays and vacations .

By - Kanika Jain

By - Kanika Jain

TOURISM

By - Kanika Jain

What is Tourism Tourism as a phenomenon with its roots in the past has emerged as emerged as not only to the economy of any country but also the future prospects of development . It is a combination business as it involves multiple socio-economic activities like attracting people to a destination etc

Tourism can be domestic or international and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country,s balance of payments . Today , tourism is a major source of income for many countries , and affects the economy of both the source and host countries .

Tourism is an activity done by an individuals , which leads to a motion from a place to another .From a country to another for performing a specific task or it is a visit to a place or several places in the purpose of entertaining which leads to an awareness of other civilization and cultures .

Tourism is a movement of the people away from their normal place of resident and work for a period for not less than 24 hours to not than 1 year .

By - Kanika Jain

By - Kanika Jain

Definition By UNWTO “ Tourism comprises the activities of person travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure , business and other purposes “

By Macintoshand Goeldner, “ Tourism is the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the interaction of tourists ,Business suppliers , host governments and host communities in the process of attracting and hosting these tourists and other visitors “ .

By Hunziker and Krap , “ Tourism is the totality of the relationship and phenomenon arising from the travel and stay does of strangers , provided the stay does not imply the establishment of a permanent residence and is not connected with a remunerated activity” .

By - Kanika Jain

Phases of TourismThe activity of tourism has emerged various phases and era of history . The concept of movement of people as a form of . Tourism can be divided into the following important phases -

Ancient Period - The ancient period of travel and tourism movement was quiet difficult as no modern transport facilities were available then , people used to cover the distance through sea , land ( forest ) and as a result facing various difficulties during the travelling process .The stay was not comfortable as it is in today,s era .The people of ancient era used to stays in caves .

Imperial Period - The establishment of tourism in the west started in the Egyptain empire and reached at this peak in the Roman period . The Coastal empire of China and Indian Mauryan empire showed the growth of tourism in the east , providing basic facilities to the traveller in terms of transport of system ,safety , security , accommodation and trade .

By - Kanika Jain

Egyptain - The Egyptain empire has given birth to emerging tourism .The civilization of Egypt fascinated many tourists . The journeys during Egyptain empire were full of environment wine drinking made it more luxurious . The empire showed some extraordinary development in tourism and trade which further stood to be first milestone towrards the modern tourism industry .

Persian - With the expanded and large Persian empire , the Persian improved the infrastructure in the travel field by designing roods and paths and developing carries wagons with tour-wheel structure . The travelling by the traders helped in the improvement of tourism activity .

Greeks and Romans - The Greek empire played a very important role in the development of tourism . The contribution of Greeks in the progress of tourism activity is great . Roads and paths were more logically designed Greek and latin became the official language of this large .

By - Kanika Jain

a) Festivals were organized in Greece which attracted various tourists .

b) The early medical science development during the era .

c) Currency exchange systems started during this empire , as the Greek currency was not accepted outside the Greek states .

d) They establishment the guide systems , hence providing information for the local environment and tourist places .

India - The export of cash crop as an important trade link during the early period . As a result of frequent trade tours between Asia and Europe , India became the crossing link between two , showing the Indian predominance over trade routs . The rich Indian culture and tradition influenced these traders . This era of ancient India structured the future of India tourism .

By - Kanika Jain

Modern era - The modern era of tourism is a mix of tourism with technology , the entire concept of tourism has stretched the phenomena of tourism . Tourism now days is not only limited to travelling to new places but also has a wide range of other recreational activities for people of all age groups .

By - Kanika Jain

Elements of Tourism

Travellers : Travellers are at the centre of the model where all tourism activities are focused . Radiating from the centre are three large bands containing several interdependent groups of tourism participants and organization .

Scenic Attraction : Services consist of mountains destinations , lake , waterfalls , forests , deserts etc . These scenic attractions are again a very important factor in tourism for influencing the tourists .

Tourism service suppliers : Services such as airlines companies , bus operators , railway corporations ,hotels and car rental companies etc usually provide services to travellers independently . The service suppliers may also collaborate to provide tour packages for travellers by combining the various services such as accommodation , air transportation , theme park entrance ticket etc

By - Kanika Jain

Tourism promoters : Tourism promoters are in the first layer in close contact with the travellers , organization in this layer include tourism board , direct marketing companies , meeting planners , travel agents and tour operators . The tourism boards and direct marketing companies provide information and marketing services to travellers . All these organization usually deal directly with individual travellers .

Historical and cultural factors : These inheritance plays a vital role in influencing the travellers . A large number of tourists are attracted towards the historical palaces and forts . Tourists are attracted to these sites for the purpose of knowing their history , architecture civilization and cultural heritage of the ancient prominent people .

Accessibility : Tourism phenomenon is incomplete without the proper accessibility to the tourist destination . So it is also an important element of tourism and every tourist destination should be easily accessible by the tourists .It is almost important to provide all kinds of transportation or communication facilities to all tourists destination .

By - Kanika Jain

Amenities / Facilities : Amenities are things such as shopping centers or sports facilities that are provided for people enjoyment or comfort . For example it is very important to have swimming , boating and surfing facilities at a sea side resorts . Amenities can be divided into two parts .

A) Natural Amenities

B) Man –made Amenities

Sea bathing ,fishing ,climbing and trekking

Entertainment and amusement facilities provided to the tourists like dancing , cultural events and camel safari

By - Kanika Jain

Tour A tour is associated with the movement of a person from one place to another for any purpose . A journey through a particular. A journey through a particular building , estate, country , or a given list of places such as by an entertainer performing concerts etc . It is closely related with tourism activity . A person can have different motivation or purpose for tour like vacations , health , sports , religion , adventure , special interests , study and culture etc .

By - Kanika Jain

Significance of Hospitality and Tourism on economy

Hospitality and tourism help in generating employment which lead in growth of income .

It is the one of the most important aspect for developing countries .

To the host region travel provides basis for developing tourism as an export industry , which means that the level of economic activities of the area shall increase through the sale of products and services to tourists .

It increases exports earnings and rate of growth of the economy .

Hospitality and tourism provides foreign exchange without exporting anything out of the country and it provides more stable earning for the country than any other industry .

By - Kanika Jain

The income in the form of foreign exchange earning from an invisible exports helps in off setting the loss if any , which the country may have from visible exports .

Hospitality and tourism focus on development infrastructure , which lead to preservation of nation heritage and environment .

Hospitality and tourism industry can also help promote peace and stability in developing countries like India by providing jobs .Generating income diversifying the income .Protecting the environment .Promoting loss cultural awareness .

By - Kanika Jain

Negative Impact of Tourism and Hospitality on Economy

Increase in Prices - As demand increases for basic services and goods form , tourists will often cause price hikes that negatively affect local residents whose income does not proportionately . This makes local people difficult to meet their basic daily needs .

Economic Dependence of the local community on tourismDiversification in an economy is a sign of health , however if a country or region becomes for its economic survival upon one industry , it can put major stress upon this industry as well as the people involved to perform well .

Many countries especially developing countries with little ability to explore other resources , have embraced tourism as a way to boast the economy .

By - Kanika Jain

Difference Between Hospitality Management and Tourism Management

By - Kanika Jain

BASIS HOSPITALITY MANAGMENT

TOURISM MANAGMENT

1) Definition Hospitality takes care of the accommodation needs of the tourist at hotels , restaurants , resorts , pubs and bars .

Tourism is a vast sphere of activity that involves everything from ticketing to a conveyance in places of tourist attraction and arranging a comfortable stay for the tourists .

2) Clients Hospitality has one client only the visitor .

Tourism has three clients visitors , residents and the future .

3) Focus Hospitality is primarily centered on hotels and restaurants .

Tourism is primarily centered to a means of wealth creation , good jobs and business .

4) Category Hospitality can be viewed as sub category of tourism .

Tourism captures the entity and includes hospitality as well .

By - Kanika Jain

BASIS HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

TOURISM MANAGMENT

5) objective There is one goal to provide that visitor is willing to pay for .

Tourism not only aim to provide good and services but to provide genuine experience .

6) Purpose Hospitality is for goods and services .

Tourism should be a means of improving local lives .

7) Key aspects of course

Hospitality course focused on various aspects regarding hoe to render services to customers in the industry .

Tourism course focused deals with the general and technical aspects of how to manage different fact of tourism efficiently

8) Focus of course

Hospitality prepares students to work in the field of catering and accommodation especially in hotels , resorts and even hospitals .

Tourism management focus on all activities that form the core of tourism and students can hope to work as a travel agent , guide .

By - Kanika Jain

BASIS HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

TOURISM MANAGEMENT

9) Key Areas

Hotels , Resorts , Spas , Gyms , Children's center , Meeting rooms , Restaurants , Museums, Amusements park , Casinos , Cultural industries etc.

Hospitality sales manager , Housekeeping manager , Baker , Chef , Restaurant manager , Guest relation manager , Food and beverage manager .

By - Kanika Jain

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