Dr Salil Choudhary

HOSPITAL PLANNING

INTRODUCTION• The last few decades have seen a spectacular

development in the health & hospital consciousness of the Indian public.

• Essential hospital service required for the community can be met most economically only with adequate thought given to planning , design,construction & operation of health care facilities.

• A design expert says- “we’ve got to design ‘smart’ hospitals that respond to present needs while anticipating future changes.”

PLANNING A HOSPITAL• Planning is the forecasting and organizing the activities

required to achieve the desired goals.• All successful hospitals,without exception,are built on a

triad of good planning,good design & construction & good administration.

• To be successful,a hospital requires a great deal of preliminary study and planning

• It must be designed to serve people and for promoters to build in the first place & sustain later.

CONT..• It must be staffed with competent and adequate

number of efficient doctors,nurses & other professionals.

• A strong management is essential for the daily functioning of a facility & this must be included in the plans of a new hospitals.

CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS

1. Proprietary 2. Partnership3. Private Trust (family)4. Charitable trust5. Cooperative Society6. Private Limited Company7. Public Limited Company

STRATEGIC ESSENTIALS• Regionalization

• Pre- planning consideration

• Need assessment

• Plot ratio

• Design for flexibility and expandability

• Fulfill the demand functions

• Emphasize on patient focused hospital

• Focus on energy conservation

• Intelligent buildings

• Create a healing architecture

• Aesthetic – an essential requisite

• Hospital architecture

• Go green

PLANNING TEAM• Hospital administrator• Specialists from various clinical branches• Nursing advisor• HR Manager• Civil and electrical engineers• Representative of local body• Senior architect

OBJECTIVES OF PLANNIG TEAM• Existing facilities & its adequacy• Asses the needs of area• Needs of new facilities so as to provide adequate,

qualitative health are services.

STEPS IN PLANNINGNeed assessment

Feasibility report

Architects brief

Request for proposal

Appointment of consultant

Detailed project report

Notice inviting tender

Allocation of work

Construction of building, services and facilities, equipment

purchase and manpower selection and recruitment

Stage of commissioning

Review process

MASTER PLAN

• Overall site

• Departmental boundaries

• Major entry and exit

points

• Vertical transport

• Inter - departmental

corridors

• Location of critical zones

• Energy conservation

• Future site development

• Appropriate way finding

• Services master plan

• Project decision

• Outline brief

• Opportunities and

constraints

• Options considered

• Evaluation criteria

• Recommended options

• Executive summary and

recommendation

MARKET SURVEY•One the first tasks of the temporary organization is to survey the service area of the proposed hospital.•Following bodies helps in market survey-1. Banks2. CA firms3. Financial Institutions4. Consultant• Since major decisions will be on the result of the survey,it must be

done in a professional manner.

•Following considerations should be taken during survey- Character,needs & possibilities of communities Type & size of Hospital Financial condition of community Occupation Age distribution

FINANCIAL PLANNING• Financial planning must take precedence over every other

consideration.• Financial planning must cover the following three areas:1. Constructing,Equipping & Furnishing the Hospital2. Operating Funds3. Financial Assistance• Financial assistance has 2 components-1. Loan for fixed capital2. Loan for working capital

DESIGN TEAM• Hospital Consultant• Architect• Engineers Structural Engineers Electrical Engineers Plumbing Engineers• Hospital Administrator

EQUIPMENT PLANNING• The term ‘equipment’ means all items necessary

for the functioning of all services of the hospital.• It is necessary to consult with the architect

designing the building early so that the facilities planned will be of sufficient size to accommodate the equipment & render the necessary services.

• A room by room equipment list is then complied & reviewed by the admin,medical & department staff.

SITE SELECTION1. Accessibility to transportation & communication lines2. Parking facilities3. Availability of public utilities4. Proper elevation for drainage & general sanitary

measures5. Freedom from smoke,noise,vapours & other annoyances6. Future expansion7. Total cost

INTERIOR & FURNISHING• In a patient centered environment,design solutions

will respond to the needs of the patients profile both architecturally and through material selections.

• Should consider the following-1. Infection control standards2. Design story3. Healing environment4. Physical environment5. Organizational planning understanding6. Cost analysis

EMERGING HEALTHCARE DESIGNS• Adaptable patient rooms• In board v/s outboard toilet• Same handed patient rooms• Accesses to Radiology & OT .• Adequate Space for 360 Degree movement of

healthcare provider during need.

HOSPITAL BUILDING• After completing all preparations for building a

hospital the governing board issues instructions for the development of final plans & specification.

• Principle- # Protection # Short traffic routes # Separation of dissimilar activities # Control

GENERAL FEATURES• Environment• Screened windows• 3-4 Separate entrance• Exit point• Attractive entrance• Traffic flow• Corridors• Visitors control• Running physical part• Fire escape

BED DISTRIBUTION• The functions of the hospital revolve around the

total no. of beds & their distribution within various department & services.

• The no. of beds in a hospital is the yardstick applied when referring to the size of the hospital, its various services, occupancy rate,etc.

• Types of bed accomodations• Bed distribution by services• Space requirements

Cont..• Bed planning: Population = A x S x 100 365 x PO• A = number of patients admissions/1000

populations/year S = average length of stay PO = percentage occupancy

HOSPITAL PROJECT STAGGING

CONT..

OPERATION PROGRAM

SPACE REQUIREMENT OF SOME BASIC DEPARTMENT

CONT..

TRIAL RUN PERIOD• After the commissioning of hospital some time is

taken for functional integration of different units,services,staff,patient & community.

Machine are testedStaff recruited & trainedStandard operating procedures are madeMaintenance service is put in placeMaterials, linen & stationary procured• Then starts the routine & regular functioning of

the hospital.

CONCLUSION

“A hospital is a living organism,made up of many different parts,having different functions,but all theses must be in due proportion & relation to each other & to the environment to produce the desired result”

THANK

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