Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

download Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

of 22

Transcript of Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    1/22

    THE PERENNIAL SOLUTION CENTER

    by Walter Horn

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    2/22

    Introduction

    Why would anyone pick up a book with the audacity to trumpet a claim to

    some kind of perennial solution? And, more fundamentally, the perennial

    solution to what? A good portion of what follows is devoted to answering thosetwo questions, but Im happy to provide a sneak preview here. I anticipate that

    most readers with even a passing interest in the pages that follow will be

    individuals who harbor the age-old suspicion that there is something missing in

    their lives, a gap that resists being filled by cultural distractions, material wealth

    or accomplishments, sexual or other adventures, artistic/intellectual endeavors, or

    even romantic or familial love. They may suffer from a gnawing sense that life is,

    in some perhaps hard-to-explain way, entirely meaningless. Or, while not

    denying that their lives have a certain significance during the few short years

    allowed them by the unmerciful gods of biology, these individuals may

    nevertheless be haunted by recurring thoughts of their own mortality. It is often

    such qualms, with their implication of a final separation from all we know and

    love, that engender a turning from worldly pursuits to the quieter hunt for

    psychological, philosophical, or religious solutions.

    In his Perennial Philosophy, Aldous Huxley sought to alleviate worries

    about human transience by setting forth some of the more consoling common

    threads that run through many of the great world religions. Huxley noticed, for

    example, that both Christian and Eastern mystics have repeatedly claimed that

    each of us is in some sense identical to God. But these assertions, no doubt made

    sincerely by those favored with the requisite visions, can seem little more than

    half-mad rantings to the rest of us. A Vedantist conviction that the universe

    somehow flows from a common, impersonal Self found deep inside each of us

    doesnt seem like the sort of thing one can gain simply by being informed that

    innumerable others have shared this belief. After all, think of the many peculiar,

    but now provably false things people have believed during the past 3000 years.

    Isnt any supposed fact that there are mystical tenets that are common to a number

    of religious traditions just a bit of anthropological trivia we can use to impress

    people at cocktail parties? And isnt it just an inappropriate appeal to authority to

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    3/22

    point to these common threads in the context of a philosophical discussion about

    the meaning of life? I hope that what follows will provide an indication of how

    such appeals may be useful to spiritual seekers, but its important to proceed with

    extreme caution here. The fact that a large number of otherwise intelligent

    individuals have insisted that we are in some sense part of an Eternal Absolute or

    something of that kind, doesnt by itself prove anything about our real nature

    other than that there seems to be a recurring tendency to embrace a specific set of

    religious viewpoints. The mere rattling off of the opinions of brilliant or saintly

    pundits is unlikely to satisfy anyone with a skeptical bent.

    The Perennial Solution Centeruses a different method to illuminate a

    perhaps theway to a particular kind of solace, and it is extremely important not

    to be distracted when carrying this lantern. We could, for example, get lost in

    discussions about whether any deity must be personal or impersonal, about what

    sort of life is possible after bodily death, about the nature of mind, or about

    countless other interesting and pertinent issues. We could also (if I were capable

    of it) spend chapter upon chapter discussing the nature of human knowledge and

    the types of evidence or warrant needed to obtain it. We cannot go far without

    touching on all these topics. But while there are arguments aplenty in what

    follows, were not principally looking for philosophical information here. I want

    to emulate a certain Enlightened One of the distant past in focusing as exclusively

    as possible on suffering and the end of suffering. It is a method rather than a

    philosophy that will provide our solution. I dont deny that there are important

    objections to this sort of approach, but it is better to attempt to answer those

    criticisms as we go along than to lose sight of the central issues this book is

    intended to address.

    Though the title of the book does indeed trumpet loudly, I am acutely

    aware of how slight my own contributions are. I have done little more than riffle

    the contents of a particularly exotic intellectual treasure chest, holding first this

    and then that jewel aloft. No doubt I have left many of the most valuable gems at

    the bottom, and held others at angles that have kept their most beautiful facets

    hidden from view. When excerpting from Eastern and Western religious writings,

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    4/22

    I have often been mindful of the obnoxious Mr. Casaubon of Eliots

    Middlemarch, the self-centered misanthrope who spent most of his life revising to

    his never-completed Key to AllMythologies. I make no claim whatever that the

    solution discussed in this book is to be found in every religion, or that there are no

    important differences in the dress it has received from those traditions where it

    can be found. I am no expert in comparative religion, and have no particular

    interest in anthropology. I do find it both interesting and comforting that

    solutions of the type I discuss have found their way into a number of widely

    different traditions (including entirely secular ones) and that they have re-emerged

    regularly throughout recorded history. But, unlike the dauntless Casaubon, I have

    neither the expertise nor the inclination to make the kind of study necessary to

    assert that solutions of this sort have shown up in every major religion from time

    immemorial. In fact, whatever the word perennial may suggest, I dont even

    claim that such answers have remained a constant feature in those belief systems

    in which they have turned up. My goal isnt anthropological at all: I simply want

    to provide a new description and defense of an ancient mode of thought and

    method of consolation.

    Let me now say a few words about the dialogue format I have chosen, a

    conceit that will certainly seem odd or circuitous to many readers. The

    fictionalizing of philosophy and theology is nothing new. Using stories to

    make what would otherwise be dry argument entertaining is at least as old as

    Plato or the Gita. Surely The Bible would have had many fewer readers than it

    has actually enjoyed if it contained nothing but commandments, prophecies, and

    theological discussions. I knew I wanted to quote extensively from a number of

    sources in describing the virtues of and arguments against mystical approaches to

    the world, but I wasnt sure how to do this without producing a textbook or a

    dusty (if meaty) anthology in the style of Huxleys Perennial Philosophy. I was

    then struck by the idea of a series of conversations-with-quotations as a way of

    keeping the readers interest. How better to get the full flavor of a flood of

    excerpts from religious, psychological and philosophical works, than to have

    these words play an essential role in the lives of characters who, over time, may

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    5/22

    become important to the reader? In keeping with this model, what follows are

    discussions that take place among a couple of modern day aspirants and the

    man to whom they have come with the hope that he can, like a Zen sensei,

    somehow free them from fear and invest their lives with meaning. The book can

    thus be seen as a kind of progress report on two seekers who spend three months

    in a Vermont retreat called, of course, The Perennial Solution Center. Because

    of the dialogue format, what follows will look something like a play, but it would

    doubtless make for several very unusual evenings at the theatre.

    I call the spiritual founder of this center Rabi both because it was the

    nickname of Rabindranath Tagore, a favorite writer of mine, and because it

    resembles rabbi, which is Hebrew for teacher. We will not be told much

    about Rabis history besides what we can glean from his conversation, the books

    that comprise his library, and the rule of his center. He is a dark-complexioned

    man in of Indian descent in his sixties who grew up and was educated in England

    and America. He has taught and written on spiritual matters, and has been able to

    attract a sufficient number of students to keep his center running for about ten

    years. He dresses something like a professor, in sports jacket and slacks through

    three seasons, but in golf shirt and khakis in Summer. There is no beard, turban,

    or any of the other occasional indicia of guruhood about Rabi.

    I think it will be necessary to tell a bit more here about the two students

    whose discussions (both with Rabi and with each other) during their stays at The

    Perennial Solution Center will be set forth in these pages.

    Gina (or G) is a 32-year-old single woman, a graduate of a small private

    liberal arts college in upstate New York, where she majored in religion. She

    toyed with the idea of going to divinity school after college, but ended up taking

    an editorial job in Boston. She has never been married, but has had a couple of

    live-in boyfriends during the past decade: theres no one special right now,

    however. She was raised as an Episcopalian and has long enjoyed inspirational

    literature and attending various churches and temples. She believes in God and

    considers herself a Christian. She has remained close to her family, though she

    has an uneasy relationship with her sole sibling a younger sister for whom

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    6/22

    things have always seemed to come more easily. Although she is reluctant to talk

    about herself, G is outgoing and gregarious. At times, shes a bit too quick to

    laugh or get angry, making her seem nervous even to casual observers. In fact,

    she is anxious about things in general. In her late twenties she had several years

    of psychotherapy which she found somewhat helpful, but then she drifted away,

    largely because of the cost and inconvenience. She read a magazine article about

    The Perennial Solution Center and its founder, and decided to take three months

    off from work so to attend the twelve-week summer session.

    Paul is 40. He and his wife of nine years have been separated for eleven

    months. They have a seven-year-old daughter. He has always been witty,

    outgoing, and smart. He earned an undergraduate degree in psychology from one

    Ivy League school before receiving a masters degree in philosophy from another.

    He then moved to New York City to look for a job. While working as a technical

    writer for a brokerage house, he made enough money in investments to quit work

    completely after his daughter was born. He continues to enjoy reading and

    discussing philosophy and psychology, but he has always been skeptical about

    religion, considering it little more than an opiate. Hes been so unhappy lately,

    though, that a dependable opiate doesnt seem like such a bad thing to him

    anymore. His wife sent him away when she discovered that he had engaged in a

    number of extra-marital affairs. Like G, Paul has had several years of

    psychotherapy. He began therapy while in college soon after his mother died, and

    continued it intermittently until getting married. Lately he has suffered frequently

    from insomnia and anxiety attacks, but he hasnt had much luck with prescription

    drugs, and he just hasnt felt like seeing any more shrinks. He came across a

    brochure for The Perennial Solution Center at an Indian restaurant. The idea of

    philosophical/psychological treatment in a naturalistic setting appealed to him.

    The Center itself is little more than a big old Victorian house in the

    woodsy hills of central Vermont. It has a sizeable lawn and garden, with a few

    metal chairs and tables about, and the rolling green mountains and rippling rivers

    are close by. Whatever its original design, the house has been converted to

    something like a ten-bedroom inn. Instead of a great room, there is a high-

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    7/22

    ceilinged library, with rolling ladder-stools and a large marble fireplace. In

    addition to a couple of small library tables, the room is furnished with a number

    of comfortable leather chairs and side tables, as might be found in a Victorian

    mens club. There are also two sofas. The west-facing wall has a large picture

    window through which one can see several soft-peaked, pine-covered mountains.

    Rabis individual sessions with his students are held in this room, but it is also

    available for browsing, chatting, and book-borrowing from 7-10 in the morning

    and 7-11 in the evening. As one would expect, the selection of books is heavy on

    philosophy, religion, and psychology, but there are a smattering of non-fiction

    books on other subjects as well as many novels and books of poetry. There are

    several copies of each title and visitors are encouraged to borrow books during

    their stay. One copy of each book is marked Not To Leave The Library: as we

    will see, this is because reading aloud from library books plays an important part

    in the sessions with Rabi.

    There is a kitchen in the Center, but it is reserved for use by Rabis family,

    and no common meals are provided. Each bedroom is equipped with a small

    refrigerator, a hot plate, a few dishes and kitchen utensils, and a sink. Each is also

    fitted with a private bathroom. Some visitors cook in their rooms, but many

    prefer to eat at one of the four or five restaurants in the town, about four miles

    down a dirt road.

    Rabi gives no lectures, and there are no officially scheduled meetings

    among the guests, but the visitors often get together for informal chats in the

    library or the garden. They occasionally eat out together or make hiking, skiing,

    golfing (or supermarket) trips as well. There are few rules, but visitors are

    requested to return to their rooms each night by 11:30, and it is suggested that

    they not enter into any new romantic relationships while at the Center. Each

    bedroom contains a bed, a portrait of some inspirational figure (Spinoza, Jesus,

    Buddha, William James, etc.), a bookshelf, a writing table, a couple of chairs, a

    meditation mat on the floor, and a radio/alarm clock. There is also a small

    washer/drier for laundry. There are never more than eight individual visitors (no

    couples or groups) at one time. Visitors must send an application form describing

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    8/22

    themselves and what they hope to gain from their visits. Each visitor is scheduled

    for a session with Rabi three times per weekeither on Mondays, Wednesdays,

    and Fridays or on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Nothing is scheduled on

    Sundays, when the library is open to visitors all day. Sessions can last up to two

    hours, but they generally run a little over an hour. Visitors may also see Rabi at

    night if they feel they are having some sort of crisis and cannot wait until their

    next scheduled session. They do this by ringing him up on the house phone.

    Night sessions are generally briefer than regularly scheduled meetings.

    Promotional materials for the Center stress that Rabi is not a licensed

    physician or psychotherapist: people who think they may need professional

    psychiatric care are encouraged to postpone their visits until they feel confident

    about their ability to handle the secluded life offered by the Center. The cost for a

    three-month stay, which does not include housekeeping, is significant, about what

    it would cost to stay in a mid-range hotel in rural New England for the same

    period of time. The tuition must be paid in advance. Rabi, his wife, Vera, and an

    old gardener/caretaker are the only permanent residents.

    Thats the set-up. Perhaps a gradual shift into a Stephen King-style rural

    horror fest or a D.H. Lawrence fantasy about what happens between the gardener

    and a few of the more lonely and uptight female visitors would make the

    following pages more traditionally dramatic. But such plot turns, even if I could

    navigate them, would not serve the function played by the fictional characters and

    backdrop here: the provision of an additional, non-distracting motive for readers

    to push on during abstract discussions of spiritual or philosophical matters. This

    device is why certain works of Plato and George Bernard Shaw are so much fun

    to read despite their weighty subject matter, and its the quality that makes Saint

    Theresas Autobiography so much more engaging than many straightforward

    discourses on mysticism. This tack has also been taken by many novelists of

    ideas in developing their pet theories. Perhaps, if my own history had been more

    dramatic, I could have dispensed with the dialogue format and seasoned the

    philosophy and psychology with riveting stories about my own spiritual

    development. But, alas, we must play with the cards we are dealt.

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    9/22

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    10/22

    I. Week One

    Monday, 10 AMThe Library

    Paul (entering, walks over to Rabi sitting at one of the chairs). Good morning.

    Rabi (standing up) Good morning, Paul. (Shakes Pauls hand and motions for

    him to sit down). I hope you slept well?

    Paul. Yes, thanks. I was very comfortable. (He sits down and there is an

    awkward pause). I guess I really dont know how to get this started.

    Rabi. Well, why dont we start by discussing why you have come here. You

    know, what you think we may be able to do for you, what you hope to find here,

    that sort of thing. Of course, Ive read your application, but perhaps youd like to

    elaborate.

    Paul. I guess theres a bunch of reasons. A lot of it was curiosity. I have a

    background in philosophy, and I was attracted by the philosophical approach you

    take here. Also, while Ive always been kind of skeptical about religion, Ive

    been pretty worried about dying lately, and I guess I figured a relaxing stay here

    couldnt do any harm...Plus, I...well, I was kind of interested in meeting a...I dont

    know....guru...a religious leader. Is that what you are? I m not trying to be

    smart here, I really dont know.

    Rabi (smiling). Maybe you wanted to see how similar I was to Chance the

    Gardener?

    Paul (laughing). The guy from BeingThere? Yeah, maybe there was some of that

    too.

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    11/22

    Rabi (portentously). In the Spring there will be growth.

    Paul (laughing). You know, I feel better already. This place was really worth the

    money....But, really, do you consider yourself a guru?

    Rabi. If you mean teacher, yes, I do.

    Paul. Well, what can you teach me?

    Rabi. I want to teach you how to be happier. I may be able to help you

    understand a part of the world that has been eluding you. You said you have been

    worried about dying lately?

    Paul. Yeah. It seems like Ive been plagued by this terror of dying ever since I

    can remember. You know, ceasing to be, the end of everything. It just seems so

    horrible...Unutterably horrible.

    Rabi. Do you mind if I get a book? I often like to use them as resources during

    these talks. And sometimes its easier if I walk around and grab books rather than

    sit. I hope it wont disturb you.

    Paul. Not at all. Go ahead.

    Rabi. (fetching a book) Thank you. (From this point on, he gets up frequently and

    sometimes paces as he talks, listens or reads aloud.) And please feel free to do the

    same, especially if you think what you are trying to say is expressed well in one

    of the books hereor another you have brought with you....Here it is. Tolstoys

    Death of Ivan Ilych. Is this what you have in mind?

    Ivan Ilych saw that he was dying, and he was

    in continual despair.

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    12/22

    In the depth of his heart he knew he was

    dying, but not only was he not accustomed to the

    thought, he simply did not and could not grasp it.The syllogism he had learnt from

    Kiesewetters Logic: Caius is a man, men are

    mortal, therefore Caius is mortal, had always

    seemed to him correct as applied to Caius, but

    certainly not as applied to himself. That Caius

    man in the abstractwas mortal, was perfectly

    correct, but he was not Caius, not an abstract man,

    but a creature quite, quite separate from all others.

    He had been little Vanya, with a mamma and a

    papa, with Mitya and Volodya, with the toys, a

    coachman and a nurse, afterwards with Katenka

    and with all the joys, griefs, and delights of

    childhood, boyhood, and youth. What did Caius

    know of the smell of the striped leather ball Vanya

    had been so fond of? Had Caius kissed his

    mothers hand like that, and did the silk of her

    dress rustle so for Caius? Had he rioted like that

    at school when the pastry was bad? Had Caius

    been in love like that? Could Caius preside at a

    session as he did? Caius really was mortal, and it

    was right for him to die; but for me little Vanya,

    Ivan Ilych, with all my thoughts and emotions, its

    altogether a different matter. It cannot be that Iought to die. That would be too terrible.1

    1 John Bayley (ed.) Great Short Works of Leo Tolstoy, Louise and Aylmer Maudetranslation, (Harper & Row, 1967).

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    13/22

    And...what does it say...no matter how Judge Ilych tries to distract himself, to

    banish this thought of death, this It...

    It would come and stand before him and look at

    him, and he would be petrified and the light would

    die out of his eyes, and he would again begin

    asking himself whether Italone was true. And his

    colleagues and subordinates would see with

    surprise and distress that he, the brilliant and

    subtle judge, was becoming confused and making

    mistakes. He would shake himself, try to pull

    himself together, manage somehow to bring the

    sitting to a close, and return home with the

    sorrowful consciousness that his judicial labours

    could not as formerly hide from him what he

    wanted them to hide, and could not deliver him

    from It. And what was worst of all was that Itdrew

    his attention to itself not in order to make him

    take some action but only that he should look at

    It, look it straight in the face: look at it and

    without doing anything, suffer inexpressibly.

    Paul. Yeah, that pretty much sums it up. Doesnt Ilych have some kind of

    revelation on his deathbed? He sees a bright light, understands everything and

    dies happily?

    Rabi. Right.

    Paul. Well Id really prefer not to wait until my last breath to get past this It

    problem. I guess thats the main reason why Im here.

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    14/22

    Rabi. Even more important than meeting Chauncey Gardener?

    Paul (laughing). Well, of course, thats pretty big too...So what solution do you

    have for this issue here at the Center?

    Rabi. Its pretty simple, really. I talk to you. I advise you to spend a great deal

    of time praying, or, if you prefer, meditatingI use the two words

    interchangeably. I try to help you look at things a bit differently than you may

    have seen them in the past. And I try to do this in ways that I think will be

    beneficial to you.

    Paul. With all due respectand Joni Mitchell notwithstandingthe term

    praying suggests that theres someone or something out there that youre

    praying to.

    Rabi. I didnt get the reference. You mean Joni Mitchell the folksinger?

    Paul. Right. She has a song that has the line So I sent up my prayer wondering

    whos there to hear.

    Rabi. Interesting. I often quote her line, Never mind the questions theres no

    answers to. But to get back to your point, as I said, if you prefer the term

    meditate, thats fine, too.

    Paul. So youre saying that we should meditate as a simple psychological

    palliative, whether or not theres any kind of God? That doesnt seem very

    religious.

    Rabi. Well, to use a couple of clichs, we have to begin at the beginning and keep

    our eyes on the prize. You tell me youve come to the Center because of a

    psychological issue: you have this persistent anxiety about dying that youd like

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    15/22

    to do something about. I suggest to you that a steady diet of meditation could

    help that problem. Lets not bother about whether this is a religious prescription

    or not at present. Lets see, (gets book) the American physician Dr. Herbert

    Benson wrote,.

    The altered state of consciousness associated

    with the Relaxation Response has been routinely

    experienced in Eastern and Western cultures

    throughout all ages. Subjectively, the feelings

    associated with this altered state of consciousness

    have been described as ecstatic, clairvoyant,

    beautiful, and totally relaxing. Others have felt

    ease with the world, peace of mind, and a sense of

    well-being akin to that feeling experienced after a

    period of exercise but without the fatigue.2

    Paul. I suppose thats fine, but you might just as well prescribe Prozac or St.

    Johns Wort or whatever is being used for anxiety these days. I mean, even if

    this...self-hypnosis...helps control my unpleasant symptoms. Its just kind of atrick really, isnt it? I mean, to have something called The Perennial Solution

    Center and have the solution just be the repetition of a nonsense syllable for a

    couple of hours straight. Its sort of unsatisfying. I dont know if thats because

    of its lack of any actual religious content, or because if you simply waved a

    pocket watch in front of me and convinced me that I was an untroubled duck

    swimming around a pond, wed see it as a circus act rather than as a solution

    with a capital S. Again, Im sorry if this seems disrespectful, but since I dont

    have this fear of dying while Im asleep, why not just give me a sleeping pill and

    put me to sleep: that would seem to me to be more honest than having me repeat

    some gibberish for long periods and calling it prayer. It would probably be more

    2 Herbert Benson with Miriam Klipper, The Relaxation Response, (Avon Books, 1975).

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    16/22

    effective too, which is why Western medicine seems to prefer it to prescribing

    mantras and incense.

    Rabi. Ah, youve made a number of complaints here, covering any number of

    important issues, and we probably wont be able to discuss all of them today, but

    theyre sure to come up again, numerous times. For now, Id just like to suggest

    that you seem to have come to me with something more ambitious than the simple

    desire to be released from your persistent fear of dying. You want a general

    contentment with life.

    Paul. Right.

    Rabi. And you want this contentment to be based on your beliefs, rather than, say,

    by the operation of some psychotropic drug or the electronic stimulation of some

    part of your brain.

    Paul. I guess so, yes.

    Rabi. And theres more. You want these beliefs to be reasonable. You dont

    want to have come by them by being brainwashed at the hands of some...lets say

    cult leader. Youd like to be convincedby the clear light of your reason that the

    world has a meaning, that death is not something to be feared.

    Paul. Yes. I suppose thats all true. It does seem kind of a lot, but remember the

    capital S in the solution offered here.

    Rabi. I dont mean to rule out anything; but I will point out youve invested a

    very great deal in a couple of capital letters. In any case, its usually better to take

    one step at a time, isnt it? After all, Im certainly no Buddha, and even the

    Enlightened One himself became impatient with those who wanted more than to

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    17/22

    understand the causes of their sufferings and the way out of them. When his

    disciples showered him with Byzantine metaphysical questions he responded,

    Did you ever say to me, Reverend Sir, I will

    lead the religious life under The Blessed One, on

    condition that The Blessed One elucidate to me

    either that the world is eternal, or that the world is

    not eternal...or that the saint neither exists nor

    does not exist after death?...So you acknowledge

    that I have not said to you, Come, lead the

    religious life under me and I will elucidate to you

    either that the world is eternal, or that the world is

    not eternal, or that the saint neither exists nor

    does not exist after death....The religious life does

    not depend on the dogma that the world is eternal;

    nor does the religious life depend on the dogma

    that the world is not eternal. Whether the dogma

    obtain that the world is eternal, or that the world

    is not eternal, there still remain birth, old age,

    death, sorrow, lamentation, misery, grief, and

    despair, for the extinction of which in the present

    life I am prescribing. The religious life does not

    depend on the dogma that the world is finite. The

    religious life does not depend on the dogma that

    the soul and the body are identical. The religious

    life does not depend on the dogma that the saintboth exists and does not exist after death; nor does

    the religious life depend on the dogma that the

    saint neither exists nor does not exist after

    death....And why have I not elucidated [these

    things]? Because this profits not, nor has to do

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    18/22

    with the fundamentals of religion nor tends to

    aversion, absence of passion, cessation,

    quiescence, the supernatural faculties, supreme

    wisdom, and Nirvana; therefore I have not

    elucidated it.

    And what have I elucidated? Misery have I

    elucidated; the origin of misery have I elucidated;

    the cessation of misery have I elucidated; and the

    path leading to the cessation of misery have I

    elucidated. And why have I elucidated this?

    Because, this does profit...3

    Paul. I take your point, and Im willing to slow down and discuss matters in the

    order you suggest. But I must say that if Buddha was nothing more than a

    psychotherapist, its at least possible that therapeutic devices have improved a bit

    since his time. Today, at any rate, most of us in the West have gone beyond

    imparting what are really just psychological exercises with religious significance.

    Rabi. Most people come to the Center knowing full well that there is a healthymeasure of what youre calling religion in the solutions offered here. Like you,

    they dont just want to learn how to calm down. But they dont mind learning

    that as well: in fact, they demand it. Im not entirely sure whether one musttake

    meditation to be a form of religious practice, rather than, say, a mental exercise or

    a psychological game, but it may be a start toward such practice, an essential first

    step, as breathing is to growing. To me, the two approaches of psychology and

    religion seem complimentary rather than contrary. So, I do believe Im offering

    something more than a relaxation technique here, but you must be the judge.

    3 Sutta 63 in Henry Clarke Warren (ed. and trans.) Buddhism in Translations,(Atheneum, 1968).

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    19/22

    Paul. Well, I guess I cant really tell yet whether what youre offering is the sort

    of religion Im searching for, or youre just profitingforgive me, I dont mean

    to suggest youre doing anything unethicalfrom the fact that certain people

    have remained ignorant of the long-known fact that repeating a mantra can make

    one senseless. When I was in college, there was a young man known as the 16-

    year-old-perfect-masteror something like thatwho made millions of dollars

    simply by waiting until his crowds of followers were mentally and physically

    exhausted and then whispering a secret mantra in their ears. He used to put out

    magazines of himself being driven around in expensive cars or luxuriating in

    lavish mansions. I think he may have ended up being involved in some scandal

    and falling out of favor.

    Rabi. I think I remember the boy youre talking about.

    Paul. Well, whats supposed to follow from the fact that someone can be

    hypnotized or put himself to sleep by the repetition of a word one thousand times?

    Rabi. The Benson book provides data seeming to show that the physiological

    effects of meditation are distinguishable from those associated with sleep or

    hypnosis. But, be that as it may, I think you are forgetting again why you have

    come here, and what you expect from me. You say you are sick and tired of your

    death anxiety. I want to help you with this, and I claim that meditation may be

    useful in this regard. You then balk, saying what amounts to Well, if all I wanted

    was to get over my anxieties, I could have gone to a psychoanalyst, or a hypnotist,

    or gotten an anti-depressant. What do I need your so-called Perennial Solution

    for? Obviously, you are free to try any or all of those things, and I get the sense

    you may have tried some already. When you come to me, I try to help you

    according to my lights, just as other healers will try to help you according to

    theirs. If you try my solution diligently and fail, so be it. We will at least have

    tried. Whats more (smiling), if you fail miserably, and I have been convinced of

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    20/22

    your diligence, maybe you will even be able to get me to drop Perennial in

    favor of occasional and eliminate the capital letters.

    Paul (laughing). I could see you losing some clientele with that change, but what

    do I know about the ashram business?

    Rabi. (after a pause) You seem a bit distracted. Shall we call it a day?

    Paul. Im sorry, I was just thinking. Why not get me started on this path you

    recommend? What would you suggest I do for openers?

    Rabi. Go to your room or another quiet place. Sit or lie down in a comfortable

    position. Breathe regularly. With each breath you exhale, alternate between

    whispering flow down and whispering flow out. Do this softly, so even you

    can barely hear it, but dont just think these things, say them. When you whisper

    flow down try to feel any tension in your chest flowing down to your waist.

    When you say flow out try to feel this tightness flowing down from your waist

    through your legs, down to the tips of your toes and out of your body. Your feet

    may begin to tingle. Try not to think of anything else but this flowing of the

    nervousness from your body, but if you catch yourself being distracted from your

    relaxation exercise, dont chastise yourself: simply go back to the meditation. I

    think you will find this very calming. This practice may even help when you are

    having death anxieties, although it is hard to breathe calmly and concentrate only

    on flowing down and flowing out, when you are in the middle of being very

    scared. If you do perform this meditation while lying down, you may fall asleep.

    I take it you dont object to knowing a technique that may sometimes help you

    fall asleep. I suggest you try to do this exercise as much as you can during your

    stay here, but no less than an hour a day in total.

    Paul. Anything else?

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    21/22

    Rabi. If you havent done so already, I suggest you take a look through the

    Benson book I read from. His approach doesnt seem so foreign to scientific

    westerners. And there are some nice selections from mystical literature in it.

    Paul. OK, I can do that...

    Rabi. But...Something is obviously bothering you about this. You seem

    distraught.

    Paul. Oh, its nothing really. Nothing important, anyway. Its just that this

    Benson book. Ive seen it. It was a best seller, wasnt it? It seemed like pretty

    simplistic stuff to me.

    Rabi. (laughing) You mean for $6,000 you should be getting something more

    obscure. Perhaps I have a copy in Bengali....Look, I suppose The Relaxation

    Response could be said to be simple. But so in some sense is eating or breathing

    or seeing. Youd prefer something more difficult or esoteric to read. But we

    dont want to miss out on something good just because it may be available to

    everyone, do we?

    Paul. I think I remember seeing in an article of yours that you agree with Spinoza

    that All things excellent are as difficult as they are rare.

    Rabi. I do. I do indeed. I think that mastering the solution I recommend is

    terribly difficult. Only one in a millionperhaps fewercan manage it. But the

    description of the solution, which is something else entirely, is quite simple.

    Even a child ought to be able to understand that. Its like running a two-and-a-

    half hour marathon. Almost anyone can understand what one is supposed to do,

    but the accomplishment is another matter altogether.

  • 8/7/2019 Horn - Perennial Solution Center Intro and 1st Dialogue

    22/22

    Paul. Well, I hope that I wont be graded on my credulity after one meeting: I

    have to admit, Im still a bit skeptical.

    Rabi (laughing). Perhaps I can manage a gentlemans C for you as long as you

    keep coming on time and hand in your homework.

    Paul. Well, Ill try, but you see, I have this unruly dog. Hes constantly chewing

    up things.

    Rabi (stands up). Maybe some of his traits can also be helped by relaxation

    techniques.

    Paul. Hmmm. Im not sure whether that would be a good thing or not....Just how

    much homework do you assign? Ill discuss it with him, anyway. See you next

    time.

    Rabi. Goodbye, Paul.