Horizontal Integration .

• Horizontal Integration

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Consolidation (business) More than 50% ownership — Subsidiary

1 horizontal integration:is the combination of firms in the same business lines and markets


Peace journalism - Objectivity

1 And indeed researchers also note the importance of relationship building

for 'vertical and horizontal integration' in peacebuilding to

support the sustainability of institutional reform and in promoting 'peace with justice' and respect for

human rights.


Mergers and acquisitions - Short-run factors

1 The most viable solution to this problem was for firms to merge,

through horizontal integration, with other top firms in the market in order to control a large market share and thus successfully set a higher price.


System integration - Methods of integration

1 Horizontal Integration or Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is an integration

method in which a specialized subsystem is dedicated to

communication between other subsystems


Columbia Pictures - Reorganization and new name

1 Columbia's product line consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, various serials, and cartoons. Columbia

gradually moved into the production of higher-budget fare, eventually joining the second tier of Hollywood studios along with United Artists and Universal Pictures|Universal. Like United

Artists and Universal, Columbia was a horizontal integration|horizontally integrated company

that only controlled production and distribution.


Vertical integration

1 It is contrasted with horizontal integration


Vertical integration - Three types

1 Vertical integration is the degree to which a firm owns its upstream suppliers and its

downstream buyers. Contrary to horizontal integration, which is a consolidation of

many firms that handle the same part of the production process, vertical integration is typified by one firm engaged in different

parts of production (e.g., growing raw materials, manufacturing, transporting,

marketing, and/or retailing).


Economic integration - Etymology

1 In economics, the word integration was first employed in industrial

organisation to refer to combinations of business firms through economic

agreements, cartels, concerns, trusts, and mergers—horizontal

integration referring to combinations of competitors, vertical integration to

combinations of suppliers with customers


Facebook Places - Phone

1 On September 2010, rumors of a Facebook Phone similar to Google's Android,

circulated in business and tech industry news. In an interview with well-known technology blog Techcrunch, CEO Mark Zuckerberg was noted to have said, Our strategy is very Horizontal integration|horizontal. We're trying to build a social layer for everything, while denying that

they were attempting to compete with the Apple iPhone or Android.


Strategic management - Origin

1 He developed a grid that compared strategies for market penetration,

product development, market development and horizontal

integration|horizontal and vertical integration and diversification


Strategic management - Growth and portfolio theory

1 The benefits of high market share naturally led to an interest in growth strategies. The relative advantages

of horizontal integration, vertical integration, diversification,

Franchising|franchises, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures and organic growth were discussed.


Systems integration - Methods of integration

1 'Horizontal Integration' or 'Enterprise Service Bus' (ESB) is an integration

method in which a specialized subsystem is dedicated to

communication between other subsystems


Foundation Fieldbus H1 - Foundation HSE

1 FOUNDATION HSE is a control network technology specifically

designed for process automation to connect higher-level devices such as

controllers and remote-I/O, high-density data generators etc., and for horizontal integration of subsystems.


Whole Foods Market - Company makeup and relations

1 This merger granted Whole Market horizontal integration, as well as

more control over competitors and price competition in the health foods

market, the external environment.Fligstein, Neil (1993)


Diversification (marketing strategy) - Another interpretation

1 Horizontal integration occurs when a firm enters a new business (either related or unrelated) at the same stage of production as its current

operations


Standard Oil

1 Standard Oil dominated the oil products market initially through horizontal integration

in the refining sector, then, in later years vertical integration; the company was an

innovator in the development of the business trust (monopoly)|trust. The Standard Oil trust streamlined production and logistics, lowered

costs, and undercut competitors. Trust-busting critics accused Standard Oil of using

aggressive pricing to destroy competitors and form a monopoly that threatened consumers.


Department store - New York City

1 His innovations included buying from manufacturers for cash and in large quantities,

keeping his markup small and prices low, truthful presentation of merchandise, the one-price policy (so there was no haggling), simple merchandise returns and cash refund policy, selling for cash and not credit, buyers who

searched worldwide for quality merchandise, departmentalization, vertical and horizontal

integration, volume sales, and free services for customers such as waiting rooms and free

delivery of purchases


Marconi Electronic Systems - Demerger

1 In contrast, DASA's response to the breakdown of the merger discussion was to merge with Aérospatiale to create the European Aeronautic

Defence and Space Company (EADS), a horizontal integration


John D. Rockefeller - Founding and early growth

1 Standard was growing Horizontal integration|horizontally and Vertical integration|vertically


John D. Rockefeller - Monopoly

1 Standard Oil gradually gained almost complete control of oil refining and

marketing in the United States through horizontal integration


Horizontal integration

1 In business, 'horizontal integration' is a strategy where a company creates or acquires production (economics)|production units for outputs which are alike - either complementary or

competitive


Horizontal integration

1 'Horizontal integration' is the opposite to vertical integration,

where companies integrate multiple stages of production of a small

number of production units.


Horizontal integration - Benefits of horizontal integration

1 Horizontal integration, that is the consolidation of holdings across

multiple industries, has displaced the old vertical integration of the

Hollywood studios


Japanese post-war economic miracle - Ikeda administration and keiretsu

1 The keiretsu spurred both horizontal integration|horizontal and vertical

integration, locking out foreign companies from Japanese industries


Vandenberg Air Force Base - Delta IV

1 As it is currently configured, the launch site features structures

similar to Boeing's Delta IV SLC-37 launch site at Cape Canaveral Air

Force Station in Florida, with a Fixed Umbilical Tower, Mobile Service

Tower, Fixed Pad Erector, Launch Control Center and Operations

Building, and a Horizontal Integration Facilityhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-horizontal-integration-toolkit.html

SpaceX Rocket Development and Test Facility - Florida

1 The pad is currently being modified to support Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, which will

include the construction of a horizontal integration facility—similar to that used at existing leased

facilities at Cape Canaveral AFS and Vandenberg AFB, but a marked difference from the Vehicle Assembly

Building|vertical integration facility used by previous Federal government of the United States|US

government rockets that used the launch pad (Apollo Program and the Space Shuttle)—plus the installation of all new instrumentation and control systems, with

substantial new plumbing for a variety of rocket liquids and gasses.


Delta IV rocket

1 The rockets are assembled at the Horizontal Integration Facility for

launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex

37|SLC-37B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral, and in

a similar facility for launches from Vandenberg AFB Space Launch

Complex 6|SLC-6 at Vandenberg Air Force Base.


Delta IV rocket - Launch sites

1 Behind the Launch Table is a Fixed Pad Erector (FPE), which uses two

long-stroke hydraulic pistons to raise the vehicle to the vertical position

after being rolled to the pad from the Horizontal Integration Facility (HIF)


Delta IV rocket - Launch sites

1 The Horizontal Integration Facility (HIF) is situated some distance from the pad


Delta IV rocket - Vehicle processing

1 Delta IV CBCs are assembled at ULA's factory in Decatur, Alabama. They are then loaded

onto the M/V Delta Mariner|M/V Delta Mariner, a roll-on/roll-off cargo ship|vessel,

and shipped to either launch pad. There, they are offloaded and rolled into a Horizontal Integration Facility (HIF), where they are

mated with the second stages, which were shipped separately to the pad on the Delta Mariner. Also, in the HIF, the three CBCs of

Heavy variant are mated to each other.


Doctor–patient relationship - Transitional care

1 Special strategies of integrated care may be required where multiple

health care providers are involved, including horizontal integration

(linking similar levels of care, e.g


Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport - Facilities

1 The pad modifications for Antares included the construction of a

Horizontal Integration Facility for launcher/payload mating and a

wheeled transporter/erector that will roll out and erect the rocket on its launch pad about 24 hours prior to

launch.


Corporate strategy - PIMS study

1 The relative advantages of horizontal integration, vertical integration,

diversification, Franchising|franchises, mergers and acquisitions,

joint ventures and organic growth were discussed


Cygnus CRS Orb-1 - Launch and early operations

1 The Antares launch vehicle rolled out from the Wallops Horizontal

Integration Facility (HIF) on the morning of 17 December, and was

later erected at Launch Pad 0A


Technological and industrial history of the United States - Petroleum

1 Rockefeller was a forceful driver of horizontal integration|consolidation

in the American oil industry


Grand strategy

1 Examples of business grand strategies that can be customized for a specific firm include: concentration,

market development, product development, innovation, horizontal

integration, divestiture, and liquidation.


Honeywell International - GE-Honeywell merger attempt

1 This decision was taken on the grounds that GE's dominance of the large jet

engine market (led by the General Electric CF34 turbofan engine), leasing services

(GE Commercial Aviation Services|GECAS), and Honeywell's portfolio of regional jet engines and avionics, the new company would be able to bundle products and

stifle competition through the creation of a Horizontal integration|horizontal monopoly


Span of control - Theoretical considerations

1 from purchasing to manufacturing, it can be considered as a first attempt to create a horizontal integration of

related activities under a certain level of self-management, an early

business process.


Whole Foods - Company structure

1 This merger provided Whole Foods Market horizontal integration, as well as more control over competitors and price competition in the health foods

market.


Business-agile enterprise - Business-agile enterprise framework

1 The business-agile enterprise framework describes how a B-AF functions in real-world operations. It highlights the big picture and

shows how business and IT can work together. The B-AEF is a unifying management system that connects the business technology sides

of the company and facilitates their coordination as a whole. It addresses business technology as one holistic,

structured management system achieving consistent vertical and horizontal integration.


Upper-Clyde Shipbuilders Work-in - Formation

1 This consolidation came about as a result of Geddes Report, published in 1966 and the

subsequent Shipbuilding Industry Act 1967, sponsored by the Minister of Technology|Ministry

of Technology under Wedgewood Benn, which recommended rationalisation and horizontal

integration of shipbuilding in the United Kingdom into large regional groups, aided with grants from the state Shipbuilding Industry Board, in order to achieve economies of scale and better compete

in the market for increasingly large merchant vessels like VLCCs


303d Aeronautical Systems Wing - Overview

1 Wing responsibilities also include identifying, coordinating and

implementing horizontal integration/capability planning across

weapons systems in support of the Global Strike and Global Persistent

Attack concept of operations.


Economy of Asia - 1945-1990

1 Close cooperation between the government, corporations and banks

facilitated easy access to much-needed capital, and large

conglomerates known as keiretsu spurred horizontal integration|

horizontal and vertical integration across all industries, keeping out

foreign competition


Media-system dependency - Conception of the Media system and of media power

1 In this view, the function of media is seen as a key structure for vertical

and horizontal integration of society


Oportunidades - The Political Organization of Progresa-Oportunidades

1 Progresa-Oportunidades is designed to be a centrally run program that relies on a horizontal integration of programs and services among the

various agencies and ministries within the executive branch


Harry Cohn - Life and career

1 As a horizontal integration|horizontally integrated company that

only controlled production and distribution, Columbia had previously been at the mercy of theater owners


Intensive pig farming - North Carolina

1 The initial horizontal integration and the vertical integration that arose in this industry resulted in numerous

issues, including issues of environmental disparity, loss of work, pollution, animal rights, and overall

general public health


Intensive pig farming - North Carolina

1 Originally, Murphy Family Farms Horizontal integration|horizontally

integrated the North Carolina system. They laid the groundwork for

the industry to be Vertical integration|vertically integrated. Today the hog industry in North

Carolina is led by Smithfield Foods, which has expanded into both nationwide and international

production.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-horizontal-integration-toolkit.html

Acquisition of NBC Universal by Comcast - Scale of new company

1 The Comcast-NBC consolidation expands Comcast both vertically and horizontally

within the media market. Vertical integration includes the combination of video producer

(NBC) and video distributor (Comcast). Horizontal integration includes adding NBC’s programming, such as Bravo and others to Comcast’s programming, including the Golf

channel, E! and others; secondly, adding NBC’s broadcasting station to Comcast’s

video network.


Consent decree - Antitrust law

1 United States, the government used consent decrees to dissolve the Horizontal integration|horizontal

monopoly that John D


Merger guidelines

1 The merger guidelines have sections governing both horizontal integration and

vertical integration.


Agriculture in Bulgaria - Farm consolidation in the 1960s

1 In the short term, they were to achieve horizontal integration by

specializing in three or fewer crops and one type of livestock


Vertically integrated

1 It is contrasted with horizontal integration


American Sugar Refining Company - Expansion

1 The combination horizontal integration|expanded horizontally for about twenty years as new competitors arose; later it vertical integration|expanded vertically,

undertaking the production of cane sugar and raw sugar in Cuba and acquiring lumber interests. The company was

investigated by the Industrial Commission in 1900 and by a special United States

Congressional committee|congressional committee in 1911–1912.


Nationalization of oil supplies - Change in the horizontal integration of the oil industry

1 In 1965, the Herfindahl index of horizontal integration for the crude

oil production industry was 1600 and the horizontal integration for the exploration industry was 1250


Lucas Bols - Wessanen merger

1 Dutch foods giant Royal Wessanen and Bols saw a natural fit for

horizontal integration, and a merger was completed into a new company:

'Bols Wessanen'


History of the hamburger - White Castle System

1 The American shortage of beef during World War II had little effect on sales across White Castle, due to

the effect of vertical integration along with the appearance of fast

food chains that operated on a franchising|franchise model that

emphasized horizontal integration.


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Horizontal Integration .

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