Hoover Institution Newsletter -Winter 2002

8/6/2019 Hoover Institution Newsletter -Winter 2002

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hoover-institution-newsletter-winter-2002 1/16

HOOVER INSTITUTIONW I N T E R 2 0 0 2

NEWSLETTERNEWSLETTER

• I N S I D E •

N EW EXHIBIT CELEBRATES

N OBEL CENTENNIAL . . . . . . . . 3

Q&A: A BRAHAM SOFAER ON

ENDING GAMES WITH

TERRORISTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

EIGHT FELLOWS APPOINTED

TO U.S. D EFENSE POLICY BOARD

ADVISORY C OMMITTEE . . . . . 11

W.Glenn Campbell, who was di-rector of the Hoover Institu-tion, Stanford University, for

30 years, died November 24 at the age of 77. In addition to his responsibilities as di-rector, he advised U.S. presidents and was amember of the University of CaliforniaRegents for 28 years.

Campbell was appointed as the HooverInstitution’s director in 1960 at the recom-mendation of Herbert Hoover on theadvice of Ray Moley, an adviser to FranklinDelano Roosevelt.

Under Campbell, who worked withfounder Herbert Hoover until Hoover’sdeath in 1964, the Institution realized sig-nificant accomplishments, evolving from awell-known library and archives to an in-ternationally renowned public policy re-search center that focused on Americanprinciples of individual, economic, andpolitical freedom, private enterprise, andrepresentative government.

Under Campbell’s leadership, a compo-nent of public policy scholars joinedarchival researchers at the Institution, theInstitution’s collections and library grew,and the endowment flourished. Also

IN MEMORIAM

W. G LENN C AMPBELL

Hoover Institution welcomed itslargest retreat audience ever forthe 2001 Fall Retreat, October

28–30. Among the retreat’s many high-lights was an appearance by William F.Buckley Jr., who spoke on the occasion of Hoover Institution’s acquisition of thebroadcast archives of Firing Line.

Firing Linewas built on the propositionthat “people,in and of themselves,could beinteresting for an entire hour,” saidBuckley. “Certain people deserved an ex-

plication of themselves and their views.Firing Line, as a postulate, allowed peopleto say what they wanted to say.”

Founded in the mid-1960s, when thefortunes of conservative ideas and politicswere at an ebb in America, Firing Line,hosted by Buckley, played a key role in es-tablishing conservatism as a legitimate andserious intellectual movement. PresidentRonald Reagan called Buckley “the mostinfluential journalist and intellectual inour era.” Hoover fellow Peter Robinson,

host of the Hoover Institution’s publicaffairs television program UncommonKnowledge, said of Buckley’s long caree“He has given us right reason and humanliberty.”

At the retreat dinner October 28, KenJowitt, the Pres and Maurine HotchkisSenior Fellow, drew a standing ovation ahe called for embracing a new national,pa-triotic identity to unify America in the waron terrorism.

“This is clearly an extraordinary point

in our history,” Jowitt said. “[This crisis]will test our identity as a society and ouidentity as a nation.”

America’s response to the threat ofOsama bin Laden and other terroristsmust go beyond military action, saidJowitt.“What is needed immediately todayis a practical, substantial, sober sense onational identity.”

Jowitt characterized the terrorism of thepost–cold war era as “movements of rage,”

W ILLIAM F. B UCKLEY JR . H IGHLIGHTS F ALL R ETREAT

continued on page 11

continued on page

U.S. secretary of energy Spencer Abraham spoke on October 18 during aHoover Institution/Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research conferenceon the California electricity problem. See page 3 for details.



L

arry Goodson, author of Afghanistan’sEndless War (University of WashingtonPress, 2001), discussed “Post-Taliban

Afghanistan: Reconstructing a Failed State”at the Hoover Institution’s U.S. & WorldAffairs Seminar on November 19.

Goodson explained the dramatic chal-lenges facing post-Taliban Afghanistan andthe need for the United States, in his estima-tion,“to play a leading role in that future.”

“Afghanistan today is once again a country defined by localism,” Goodson said. “What-ever nation building is undertaken must peelaway these [divisive] identities so that thecore identity underneath can be found.”

Before the September 11 attacks on NewYork City and Washington, D.C., the situa-tion in Afghanistan was “one of the greattragedies of our day, made all the morepoignant by the world’s pronounced indiffer-ence, [and] is profoundly threatening to thecontinued stability of many other countries,”he said.

There are substantive reasons for theUnited States to take the lead in rebuildingAfghanistan after the Taliban is overthrown,Goodson declared.

Although United Nations forces can helpstabilize and rebuild Afghanistan, only theUnited States has the ability to keep it stable

as it recovers from Taliban rule and begins along reconstruction phase.

“This is a great opportunity for the United

States to lead the rebuilding ofAfghanistan ina way that convinces open-minded people inthe Islamic countries that America is a forcefor good in the world,” he said.

Larry Goodson is an associate professor inthe department of international studies atBentley College. Goodson’s special area of scholarship is the modern politics of Afghanistan and Pakistan, and he has livedand traveled there extensively since 1986,most recently in 1997.

Other speakers who participated in the fall2001 sessions of Hoover Institution’s U.S. &World Affairs Seminars included• United States Foreign Service officer

Sheila Gwaltney , a national security affairs fellow at the Hoover Institution andformer deputy chief of mission at the U.S.Embassy in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, whospoke on the “Challenges in Central Asia”on December 12.

• Tang Fei, former premier of the Republicof China on Taiwan, who spoke on De-cember 5 (see sidebar).

• Hoover visiting fellowGideon Rahat , aresearch fellow at the Israel Democracy Institute and assistant professor of politi-cal science at Hebrew University inJerusalem, who commented on “TheFuture of Israeli Politics”on November 14.

• Hoover fellow and coorganizer of the U.S.& World Affairs Seminars Larry Diamond , who presented “A PoliticalStrategy for Winning the War on Terror-ism” on November 7. Diamond has

written extensively on the internationaldiffusion of democracy and is the coeditorof the Journal of Democracy,

• Hoover fellow John B. Dunlop , coorga-nizer of the U.S.& World Affairs Seminarsand an expert on nationalism in theformer Soviet Union, who discussed “TheSecond Russo-Chechen War Two YearsOn” on October 17. Dunlop is the authorof Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of aSeparatist Conflict (Cambridge University Press, 1998).

• Daniel Brumberg , associate professor ogovernment at Georgetown Universitand author of Reinventing Khomeini: T

Struggle for Reform in Iran(University oChicago Press, 2001), who spoke on “ThStruggle for Reform in Iran” on Octobe10.

At a public program titled “September 11thWhat Has Happened and Where Are WeGoing?” on January 14, 2002, sponsored bStanford Continuing Studies, AbrahamSofaer, the George P. Shultz Senior Fellow the Hoover Institution, spoke on “TerrorismHuman Rights, and Law.”

On January 16, 2002, former secretary ostate George P. Shultz , the Thomas W. andSusan B. Ford Distinguished Fellow, openethe winter 2002 sessions of the U.S. & WorAffairs Seminars with a talk entitled “A MoAccountable World?”

“This is a special occasion for us,” noteDiamond in introducing Shultz “because imarks twenty-five years of his associatiowith Hoover Institution and Stanford Uni-versity. It is an association that we deeptreasure and one that has helped us treestablish the Hoover Institution’s leadership role in addressing the international challenges of war, revolut ion, peace, anfreedom.”

2

Tang Fei, former premier of the Republic of

China, spoke on “Recent Developments inTaiwan’s Political Life”at Hoover Institution’sU.S.& World Affairs Seminar December 5.

Premier Tang stepped down from his postin October 2000. Before he was appointedpremier, Tang had been a highly decoratedmilitary officer, with a career spanning 50years and including more than 300 combatmissions. In 1999, he retired from the mili-tary to become Taiwan’s minister of defense.

Tang is a visiting fellow at the Hoover In-stitution.

FORMER R EPUBLIC OF

CHINA PREMIER

D ISCUSSES T AIWAN

POLITICS

U.S. & W ORLD A FFAIRS SEMINAR O FFERS INSIGHT INTO POST-T ALIBAN A FGHANISTAN

Dan Meridor, right, Israel's minister of defense, speaks with Tad Taube,Hoover overseer, left, and AbrahamSofaer, center, during a December 12visit to Hoover.



Charles G. Palm, who joined theHoover Institution in 1971 andserved as deputy director since

1990, retired as of December 31.His duties as chief of the Institution’s

library and archives were assumed on

January 1 by Elena Danielson.Palm’s long and distinguished career

at Hoover included a 1992 negotiatedagreement between the Institution andthe Russian State Archival Service, whichled to the world-wide distribution onmicrofilm of more than 12 million pagesfrom the Soviet Communist Party andState Archives. Palm directed an acquisi-tion program that brought to Hoovermany other major collections, including

2.5 tons of materials on the collapse of communism and the transition todemocracy in Eastern Europe, and thevoluminous archives of Radio FreeEurope/Radio Liberty.

He was appointed by President

George Bush to the National HistoricalPublications and Records Commissionin 1990, serving until 1996.

In 1988, he was appointed to the Cali-fornia Heritage Preservation Commis-sion,which promotes preservation of thestate’s history. Palm was elected chair-man of the commission in 1997.

Palm was cocompiler of Herbert Hoover: A Register of His Papers in theHoover Institution Archives(Hoover In-

stitution Press, 1983) and Guide to theHoover Institution Archives(Hoover In-stitution Press, 1980).

Palm was associate director for thelibrary and archives, 1987-90; head li-brarian, 1986-87; and archivist, 1984-87.

Palm is a fellow of the Society of American Archivists. He was president of the Society of California Archivists from1983 to 1984.

He earned his A.B. in history fromStanford University in 1966, and gradu-ate degrees from the University of Wyoming and the University of Oregon.

CHARLES P ALM RETIRES AFTER 30- YEAR CAREER

Abraham Sofaer , the George P. Shultz Dis-tinguished Fellow, discussed military action in the wake of September 11 onKPIX TV (CBS, San Francisco) onJanuary 2, December 12, November 20;KGO TV (ABC, San Francisco) on No-vember 16; Prime Time New England onNECN TV (Boston) on November 9; andKTVU TV (Fox,San Francisco) and KRXITV (Fox,Reno, Nevada) on October 23.

He was featured on Larry Mantle’s Air Talk on KPCC FM radio (NPR, LosAngeles) on January 3, KCBS AM radio(CBS,San Francisco) on December 12 andNovember 11, and WABC radio (ABC,New York) on October 12.

Martin Anderson , the Keith and JanHurlbut Senior Fellow, was a part of apanel on the program War and the Presi-dency on C-SPAN on November 23. Hewas joined by political science professors, journalists, and authors.

Research Fellow Joseph McNamara wasquoted in interviews with KGO TV (ABC,San Francisco) on terrorism on October24.

Research Fellow Henry Miller talkedabout biological weapons and the threatsthey might pose to the public on KTVUTV (Fox, San Francisco) and KRXI TV(Fox,Reno) on December 12.

Visiting Fellow Donald Abenheim dis-cussed terrorism and terror cells on KPIXTV (CBS, San Francisco) on October 19

and October 22 and on KOVR TV (CBSSacramento) on October 22.

Research Fellow Peter Schweizer dis-cussed the formation of a new govern-ment in Afghanistan on “Inside Politics”on CNN on November 20.

Paul Harvey mentioned comments by Research Fellow Shelby Steele about theresilience of the American people on hisprogram on October 27.

Michael McFaul , the Peter and Helen BingResearch Fellow, was interviewed onPageOne, on CNN on November 17 at the endof the summit between U.S. president

George Bush and Russian presidentVladimir Putin.

A presentation by Research Fellow DavidHenderson about his new book The Joy oFreedom: An Economist’s Odyssey(Finan-cial Times/Prentice Hall) was broadcaston C-SPAN beginning December 31.

H O O V E R O N T H E A I R


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hoover-institution-newsletter-winter-2002 5/16 5

On November 9, 2001, PresidentGeorge W. Bush issued a procla-mation declaring that day—which

marked the anniversary of the fall of theBerlin Wall—World Freedom Day:

“Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, many countries have achieved freedom via theballot box, through political pressurerising from their citizens, or as a result of the settlement of internal or regional con-flicts,” Bush said. “We celebrate the newfreedom in which much of the world livestoday.”

The president’s proclamation had itsroots in the work of Hoover fellow ArnoldBeichman, who had called for such recog-nition a decade earlier. In a column for theWashington Times on November 9, 1991,

Beichman wrote:“On November 9, 1989 a hated symbolof 70 years of communist tyranny came toa squalid end. The fear of nuclear warbetween the two superpowers was over.World peace seemed more assured thanever before in modern history.

“November 9 from this day forwardshould be a day for world observance. Inyears to come we will realize that the manwhose policies made that victory possiblewas Ronald Reagan.

“Let us remember that this victory camewithout bloodshed, without marchingarmies, without loss of life,without nuclearfallout. Unprecedented in modern times,victor and vanquished together have ac-claimed the end of the Cold War. Every-body won.November 9 each year would bea warning to future tyrants that tyranny,whether military as in Burma or ideologi-cal as in China and Cuba, has no future.

“November 9—World Freedom Day.”

Beichman’s inspired idea remained unreal-ized until it was resurrected by PresidentBush this year. Beichman credits therenewed interest in a World Freedom Day to the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001.

Reflecting back, he found one eventduring the final years of the cold war par-ticularly inspired him.

“In 1987, President Reagan made aspeech at the Berlin Wall. [Hoover fellow]Peter Robinson wrote that speech. In hisspeech, Reagan issued an apostrophe:‘General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seekpeace, if you seek prosperity for the SovietUnion and Eastern Europe, if you seek lib-eralization: Come here to this gate. Mr.Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev,

tear down this wall.’ That stayed with me long time. Then in 1989, the wall camdown and all of Europe was transformed

My son, John, sent me a fantastic photo-graph, taken at night under very garishspotlights; it shows people dancing on thewall. It suddenly became a symbol ofreedom for me.”

Today’s World Freedom Day holds thesame significance for Beichman that it didten years ago.

“We’re still fighting for the same idealsThe values are still the same as I saw i1991.”

W ORLD FREEDOM D AY INSPIRED BY A RNOLD BEICHMAN

Elena S. Danielson has been appointed as-

sociate director of the Hoover Institutionand director of the Hoover Library andArchives,effective January 1, 2002.

Danielson joined the Hoover Institu-tion in 1978 and has served in positions of increasing responsibility since then. In1981, she was named an assistantarchivist, was promoted to associatearchivist in 1988,and was named archivistin 1997. She also serves as curator of theInstitution’s West European Collection.

Danielson has written for a number of

academic and archival publications, such

as American Archivist,and she has pre-sented information at conferences in Bul-garia,Poland, Romania, and Russia. She isa regular contributor to the Hoover Digest .

Before her Hoover appointment,Danielson held teaching positions at SantaClara University and Stanford University

Danielson holds a Ph.D. and an A.M.degree in German studies from Stanford, amaster’s degree in library science and anundergraduate degree from the University of California, Berkeley.

ELENA S. D ANIELSON APPOINTED ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR

Elena S. Danielson



Q & A

Abraham D.Sofaer

George P. Shultz Distinguished Scholar and Senior Fellow

Separation of powers issues in the American system of govern-ment, including the power over war, issues related to interna-tional law, terrorism, diplomacy, national security.

Legal adviser to the U.S. Department of State, 1985–1990.Re-ceived the Distinguished Service Award in 1989, the higheststate department award given to a non–civil servant. U.S. dis-trict judge,Southern District of New York,1979–1985.Professorof law, Columbia University School of Law, 1969–1975.AssistantU.S.Attorney, Southern District of New York,1967–1969.Pro-fessor of law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School, 1996–present.

Coeditor, The Transnational Dimension of Cyber Crime and Ter-rorism (Hoover Institution Press,2001) and The New Terror:Facing the Threat of Biological and Chemical Weapons(HooverInstitution Press, 1999).

LLB,New York University School of Law, 1965; B.A., history,Yeshiva College, 1962.

T IME TO STOP PLAYING GAMES WITH TERRORISTS

Q: You have spoken strongly for years aboutwhat the United States should do to fightterrorism. What are your thoughts afterSeptember 11?A: The scale and savagery of the attacks onSeptember 11 should prompt our leaders tofight terrorism with force. Presidents foryears have deceived us with empty promisesdenouncing terrorist assaults and vows topursue perpetrators until they are “broughtto justice.”

Q: This is what has been promised by ourleaders. Is this not a good idea?

A: Yes. The current administration thus faris seriously pursuing a policy of using nec-essary and appropriate force. Until recently,however, this country played games withterrorists, trying to stop them through slowand cumbersome criminal-law proceduresrather than hitting them hard and destroy-ing their capacity to attack Americans. Thesad results of this failed policy—the disinte-gration of the World Trade Center towersand the Pentagon inferno—are now en-graved in the minds of millions.

Q: Who is responsible?A:U.S.presidents are responsible. Instead of using the military to eliminate terroristgroups, they have relied on the FBI andfederal prosecutors to investigate and try only those few low-level operatives we arefortunate enough to arrest.

This misguided policy has allowed thesuspected mastermind of September’scarnage, Osama bin Laden, unlimited timeto plan and implement new attacks of in-creasing seriousness. An antiterrorismpolicy based on criminal prosecutioncreated the misleading impression that the

U.S. government was providing the Ameri-can people with meaningful protection. Itwas not.

Q: Why do you say the prior policy was likeplaying games?A: Our policy of fighting terrorism withcriminal-law procedures was uncomfort-ably like playing “Where in the World IsCarmen San Diego?”

In the computer game, player-investiga-tors are assigned cases involving spectacu-

lar crimes—for example, stealing thGolden Gate Bridge—committed bymembers of Carmen’s extensive gang. Investigators then dash off to collect evidencflying from place to place,based on clues rceived from witnesses and documents.

If successful, an investigator graduallputs together enough evidence to establishprobable cause. The investigator mussecure a warrant and then is allowed tarrest the correct person when he or sheappears on the screen. Every successfuarrest is a win, even though the boss—thdaring and elusive Carmen San Diego—

remains at large, arranging for other ganmembers to commit new crimes.Successfuinvestigators are congratulated and promot-ed. Even when at long last Carmen SaDiego is sometimes caught, she is reincarnated and the game goes on.

The way we go after terrorists in manways mirrors the game.Each prosecution iaimed at specific individuals known to havperpetrated specific crimes. Some are convicted and imprisoned.But bin Laden—thboss—remains at large.

F E L L O W

T I T L E

R E S E A R C H

A F F I L I AT I O N S

P U B L I C AT I O N S

D E G R E E S



Q: Are prosecutions worth anything at all?A: Of course. Prosecutors were deservedly proud when,on May 31,2001,a jury in New

York found four defendants guilty of con-spiring with bin Laden to bomb Americanembassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar esSalaam, Tanzania, three years earlier. Thebombings killed 224 people, including 12Americans.

Convicting terrorist henchmen estab-lishes that they are subject to the rule of law,brings a sense of justice to survivors andrelatives, and lends credibility to the pledgethat terrorists who kill Americans will bepunished. It can also expose some of the

methods of terrorist groups.But there are limits to the efficacy of

prosecutions that must be acknowledged.While bin Laden and some of his top asso-ciates were indicted along with the four ac-tually tried, they cannot be reached by thecriminal process so long as they stay inAfghanistan, which refuses to extradite orprosecute them.

Prosecution doesn’t solve the underlyingproblem. It doesn’t get rid of those respon-sible for acts of terrorism.That’s somethingto worry about because we may not haveseen the worst.The CIA and FBI confirmedthat bin Laden was attempting to obtainweapons of mass destruction, includingnuclear, chemical, and biological killingagents.

Q: What steps should be taken?A: A real effort to stop bin Laden and hisgroup as enemies of this country wouldfocus on bin Laden himself and every othermember of his organization, Al Qaeda, re-gardless of their susceptibility to prosecu-tion for particular crimes. The objectivewould not be convictions of particular AlQaeda members,but ending the threat they pose. That,at last, is what the United Statesis doing now. Antiterrorism efforts must be judged by whether they prevent attacks.

Q: So prevention is the key. What else canbe done?A: The U.S. government must continue to

treat bin Laden and all his supporters asenemies of the United States. That requiresmore than the prosecution of underlings or

a freeze on Al Qaeda’s assets or economicsanctions against Afghanistan. It requires ashift from responding to terrorist attacks asordinary crimes to using military forcewherever and whenever necessary toprevent attacks. The president has orderedthe Department of Defense and his staff toend the threat—they must implement hisorder.

We must also insist on the implementa-tion of required security standards and onholding accountable those who do not

comply. Terrorist attacks have succeededbecause of a reckless indifference to securi-ty standards. The U.S. military housingcomplex, Khobar Towers, near Dhahran,Saudi Arabia, and the U.S. Embassy inNairobi, Kenya, lacked essential perimeterprotection.

Seventeen sailors were killed on the de-stroyer USS Cole while it was docked inAden, Yemen, on October 12, 2000, whenslipshod security allowed an unknownvessel to come close enough to blow a holein its hull.

The World Trade Center bombing in1993 might have been prevented if Arabic-language documents seized earlier fromterrorists had been translated.

Q: And more recently?A: Terrorists who destroyed the WorldTrade Center and part of the Pentagon inSeptember were able to elude security atthree East Coast airports and seize fourplanes.

These lapses would not be tolerated if wetruly regarded ourselves as being in a battlewith an enemy.

Q: You take a very hard line on this.A: Force is the essential method of protec-tion when all else fails.

Resorting to force requires great care.Mistakes or collateral damage can under-mine its effectiveness. While the UnitedStates is free to act unilaterally in self-

defense, it must be prepared to admit itmistakes. President George H. W. Bushapologized for the 1988 destruction by U.S. Navy warship of an Iranian passengeairliner, and the United States negotiated asettlement with Iran.

I also recognize that the use of force calead to reprisals against the United States.

can create a cycle of violence. It may makterrorists like bin Laden heroes to otheMuslim militants.

But criminal prosecutions can also leadto reprisals and make heroes of terroristsAnyway, criminal prosecution will nevestop committed militants. An effective usof force stands at least a chance of wipinout,or deterring, terrorist acts.

Q: So you stand for strong force?A: Yes; the key is not merely to use forc

symbolically but to use enough force tknock out the capability of terrorists tocommit acts of terror.We are entitled to usethe force necessary to defend our nationand its people.

In no war would a combatant expect anenemy to cease its attacks merely because a single, largely symbolic use of force, sucas President Clinton’s strike against binLaden in Afghanistan.

Only in the world of computer gamesuch as “Carmen San Diego” can we expeto avoid the real risks involved in failing tconfront and destroy the enemy’s “boss.” Iis time to stop playing games and give terrorists like bin Laden and Al Qaeda the attention they deserve. Let us stop talkinabout “bringing them to justice” and stardoing what justice requires.

This Q&A is based on an op-ed column firpublished on September 16, 2001, in theSanFrancisco Chronicle.

7

Q & A



violently opposed to Western civilization and Western culture andintent on destroying all traces of it, including “anyone who has hadcontact with, or been contaminated by,Western culture.”

However, noted Jowitt, while movements of rage like Al Qaedaare always violent, they are often also weak.

“Al Qaeda cannot defeat or seriously challenge a great nationlike the United States unless it can control a nation like Pakistanwith its nuclear weapons or Saudi Arabia with its oil reserves,” saidJowitt.

The real danger of these movements, Jowitt pointed out, is thatthey act as “malignant incubators for other movements of rage withstronger bases.”

Jowitt said America will triumph over this new threat:“Americahas faced unique threats to our existence [before] and we have pre-vailed.”

On the first full day of the retreat,Hoover fellow James Sweeney,

a professor of management and engineering science at StanfordUniversity, analyzed the economic and political roots of the Cali-fornia electricity crisis and discussed viable long-term solutions tothe problem.Much of the blame for the crisis lay with the failure othe governor to manage the situation,Sweeney said.

“The governor knew absolutely that the system was going out ocontrol. The situation demanded action,” he said.“Because of thefailure in leadership, the California electricity problem became acrisis.”

Richard Epstein, a Hoover fellow and a professor of law at theUniversity of Chicago, gave a talk on privacy and disclosure issuethat he called “Walking the Fine Line between Two Imperatives.”

Yale history professor and Hoover fellow John Lewis Gaddiprovided an inside view on the attitudes of students at Yale towardthe war on terrorism.

“I’m struck by the urgency with which the students are trying todefine patriotism,” said Gaddis. “The students have been quickerthan the faculty to put the university back in touch with thecountry. There is a sense of national unity that has been created bythese events.”

During the afternoon, retreat guests selected from an offering ofbreakout sessions with Hoover fellows.

Hoover fellows David Davenport, Terry Moe, and EricHanushek, the Paul and Jean Hanna Senior Fellow, discussed edu-cation issues. Davenport talked about political and cultural issuesundermining college campuses,Moe spoke on teachers unions and

education reform, and Hanushek detailed the hurdles that haveimpeded education reform nationally.Hoover fellow Morris Fiorina reviewed the circumstances

behind Al Gore’s failed bid for the presidency, while Hoover fellowDavid Brady and Hoover overseer Buzz McCoy held an open dis-cussion on business ethics.

Hoover fellow George P. Shultz, the Thomas W. and Susan BFord Distinguished Fellow, provided guests with his insights intoforeign policy issues facing the current administration in the waron terrorism; Hoover fellow and associate director Thomas Hen-riksen gave an overview of the roots of the present conflict inAfghanistan and insight into policies the United States will use to

F A L L R E T R E A T

Lisa Keegan, chief executive officer, Education LeadersCouncil

Richard Epstein, the Peter and Kirsten Bedford Senior Fellow

Hoover director John Raisian

F ALL R ETREATcontinued from page 1



combat terrorism internationally; and Peter and Helen Bing Re-search Fellow Michael McFaul analyzed recent changes in the rela-tionship between the United States and Russia.

Epstein, Gaddis, and Sweeney carried their topics to smallerconversation settings.

A special presentation by Archivist Elena Danielson and Ex-hibits Coordinator Cissie Hill invited guests to a look at some of Hoover’s hidden art treasures in a private viewing of uncatalogedpaintings and art books from the archives.

At the Fall Retreat’s evening dinner October 29, Lisa GrahamKeegan,chief executive officer of the Education Leaders Council inWashington,D.C.,spoke on the challenges to education leadership.

Keegan, the former Arizona superintendent of public instruc-tion and a former member of Arizona’s House of Representatives,is known for her focus on education reform.

“In the wake of September 11,I am concerned about curriculumand student proficiency,” said Keegan. “The Rudman Report onHomeland Security showed that foreign students consistently outscore American students in math and science. We need tochange that. Our students need that knowledge and we need tocompete.”

On October 30, Kate O’Beirne, Washington editor for National Review, presented a view of “wartime Washington, D.C.” Warningthat “in time of war, the size and reach of government expands,”O’Beirne said, “the apparent remedy for government failure, I’msorry to tell you, is more government.”

Jeffrey Hart, distinguished professor of English emeritus atDartmouth College and senior editor of National Review, spoke of the need for a revival of Western civilization studies in higher edu-cation. His talk, drawing from his new book Smiling through theCultural Catastrophe: Toward the Revival of Higher Education(YaleUniversity Press, 2001), called on academia to reembrace Westerncivilization studies, especially in light of the terrorist attacks.

David Friedman, professor of law at Santa Clara University,spoke on “What Economics Has to Do with Law and Why ItMatters.”

Hoover fellow Peter Schweizer presented an account of former

President Ronald Reagan’s lifelong battle against communismBased on newly released documents from the KGB archivesSchweizer detailed Reagan’s fight first as an actor in Hollywooand later as president.

In breakout sessions Hoover fellow Bruce Bueno de Mesquitapresented “The Logic of Political Survival: Who Should and Who

Shouldn’t Get ‘Bailed Out,’” Hoover fellow Shelby Steele spoke othe issue of reparations for slavery, Peter and Helen Bing SenioFellow Stephen Haber discussed the challenge of political and economic reform in Mexico,and Hoover fellow Milton Friedman heldan open conversation with retreat guests.

The final panel discussion of the retreat featured Hoover fellowresponding directly to the terrorist attack on the United States.Hoover fellows Sidney Drell, Joseph McNamara, Henry I. Millerand Abraham Sofaer, the George P. Shultz Senior Fellow and chaiof the panel, joined Hoover distinguished visiting fellow EdwinMeese to discuss the challenges facing the United States both domestically and internationally in the war against terrorism.

F A L L R E T R E A T

Kate O’Beirne, Washington editor for National Review ,center

H OOVER INSTITUTION TO H OUSE

F IRING LINE A RCHIVES

The Hoover Institution and the National Review announcedOctober 29 that the broadcast archives of William F. Buckley Jr.famed television show,Firing Line,would be permanently housed inthe archives of the Hoover Institution.Broadcast from 1966 to 1999Firing Line enjoys the distinction of being the longest-runningpublic affairs show with a single host in television history.

“Clearly, the Firing Linecollection is one of the essential archivasources for the intellectual and political history of the United Stateduring the last half century,” said Hoover director John Raisian.“Weare honored to serve as the repository for the collection, and com-mitted to making it accessible to scholars and raising the necessaryfinancial support to ensure its preservation.”

The Firing Line archives consist of broadcast tapes of all 1,50shows, transcripts of those tapes, and extensive research files. Thprograms featured in-depth discussions between its host and a widerange of public figures, including politicians, government officialsauthors, journalists, educators, business executives, entertainers,and other notable personalities of the day—figures from Muham-mad Ali to Ronald Reagan, from Allen Ginsburg to Malcolm Muggeridge.

“Firing Line had a massive amount of research for each of thepisodes,” said Buckley. “Research was the backbone of thprogram.”

When Buckley brought Firing Lineto an end, he named Uncommon Knowledge—the public affairs television program produced by

the Hoover Institution and hosted by Hoover fellow Peter Robin-son—to take its place. Reaffirming this at the Hoover Institution’sFall Retreat, Buckley proclaimed, “The worthy successor [to FirinLine] has already been launched from this campus.” UncommoKnowledgenow appears on many PBS stations across the country.



The Hoover Institution has recently unveiled a new cyberjournalfocused on tracking the latest devel-

opments in China’s political leadership.Edited by Hoover fellow H. Lyman Miller,the China Leadership Monitor offers au-thoritative assessments of trends inChinese leadership politics and policy toAmerican policymakers and the generalpublic.

“As China becomes more powerful eco-nomically and militarily and becomes inte-grated into the international system, itbecomes even more important to knowwhat’s going on in the top levels of theChinese political system,” Miller said.

The on-line journal format of the China Leadership Monitor (www.chinaleadershipmonitor.org) pro-vides analysis that is timely and instantly accessible. It joins Education Next , the

Hoover Digest ,and Policy Reviewas part of the Hoover Institution’s growing collectionof journals and periodicals. The Monitor differs from the others in that it is releasedfirst on-line and continually updatedthroughout the quarter before the printversion is released. Education Next , theHoover Digest , and Policy Revieware re-leased simultaneously on-line and in print.

Although using the traditional China-watching methods of interpreting infor-mation in China’s state-controlled media,the Monitor also brings to bear some of thenew avenues of information and insightthat have opened up since the normaliza-tion of U.S.-China relations in the late1970s. Experts contributing to the Monitor ’s inaugural issue constitute a teamthat will continue to offer analysis onChina’s leadership from quarter to quarter.

“All are recognized specialists in the

particular areas that they treat,”Miller said“The idea is to use the same team of specialists to build some continuity of per-spective.”

The inaugural issue of the cyberjournais aimed at what is anticipated to be “amajor transition in leadership in Chinalater this year”at the Sixteenth Party Con-gress, explained Miller. “All of the contributors to the issue are focused in some wayon how the arena that they specialize inwill be affected by this coming leadershitransition.”

In addition to being the Monitor ’general editor, Miller himself is also a contributor, penning “The Road to the Six-teenth Party Congress” for the currentissue. A visiting associate professor ohistory at Stanford University and associ-ate professor of Chinese affairs at the U.SNaval Postgraduate School in MontereyCalifornia, Miller has written extensivelon contemporary Chinese politics, foreignaffairs, and history.

H OOVER UNVEILS THE C HINA L EADERSHIP M ONITOR

The Hoover Institution Director’s Seminaropened on Sunday night, November 11,with an address by Dinesh D’Souza, theRobert and Karen Rishwain ResearchFellow, on “What Is Great about America,”offering reflections on the very achieve-ments of American society and culture thathave come under attack in recent months.

“We see that the United States has beenportrayed as the Great Satan,”said D’Souza.“This is not Satan as conqueror, but astempter. And you must admit that Ameri-can ideas and the American way of life are

tempting.”D’Souza’s talk set the tone for theopening day of the Director’s Seminar,which focused on terrorism issues con-fronting the nation.

“Critics have said that the West ad-vanced because it was the oppressor and itgained its lead by defeating and beating upeveryone else. [But] the West broughtscience, democracy, and capitalism topeoples all over the world,” said D’Souza.

“America’s way of life is both appealing

and threatening. You can come to Americaand become rich. A very ordinary guy cancome here and have a very high quality of life. In America,you have your own destiny.And this is very, very threatening.”

On Monday, guests attending theseminar were treated to a choice of conver-sations with resident Hoover fellows on avariety of issues dealing with the terroristattacks against the United States.

In early sessions, Norman Naimarkoffered some historical reflections on fight-ing terrorism around the world; Jennifer

Roback Morse and David Davenportlooked at the domestic challenges that facethe American public in uniting behind thewar effort; Toshio Nishi gave a perspectiveon Japan’s role in the international coalitionagainst terrorism that has been organizedby President Bush; and Peter Duignanspoke on Islamic fundamentalism, dis-cussing its roots and its present-day mani-festations.

In later sessions, Bruce Bueno deMesquita discussed the causes and cures of

terrorism, Henry S. Rowen discussed along-term strategy for combating terror-ism, and David Brady reviewed congres-sional politics since September 11.

Other conversations featured Peter andHelen Bing Research Fellow MichaeMcFaul discussing current U.S.-Russian re-lations and Gerald Dorfman addressingBritain’s role in the war on terrorism, focus-ing on the stirring support of Prime Minis-ter Tony Blair. Larry Diamond, Keith Eiler,Arnold Beichman, Shelby Steele, and Visit-ing Fellow Donald Abenheim gave addi-tional insight into the motives behind andresponses to terrorism.

The seminar concluded with a panel dis-cussion on responding to terrorism.Chaired by Abraham Sofaer, the George P.Shultz Senior Fellow, the panel offered theinsights of Thomas Henriksen, Joseph Mc-Namara, and Henry I. Miller.

The Director’s Seminar is a one-dayevent for Hoover donors that featuresHoover fellows informing the donors of thefellows’ latest research. It is also an opportunity for the director to update donors onthe state of the Institution.

D IRECTOR ’S SEMINAR A DDRESSES TERRORISM



during his tenure as director, two buildingsat the Institution were built and dedicated:the Lou Henry Hoover Building (1967)and the Herbert HooverMemorial Building (1978).

On his retirement in1989, Campbell was ap-pointed counselor to thedirector; in 1994, he wasnamed director emeritus.

Before joining theHoover Institution,Camp-bell had been research di-rector at the American En-terprise Association andbefore that an economist atthe U.S. Chamber of Com-merce.

He received his Ph.D. ineconomics from HarvardUniversity, where he was a teaching fellowand, later, instructor.

During the Richard Nixon and GeraldFord presidencies, Campbell was amember of the President’s Commission onWhite House Fellows. In 1972, he was ap-

pointed to be a member of the NationalScience Board; he served a second termfrom 1990 to 1994.

When President Ronald Reagan waselected in 1980, Campbell was appointedchairman of the President’s Intelligence

Oversight Board and amember of the Presi-dent’s Foreign Intelli-gence Advisory Board.He served on bothboards until 1990.

He was a senioradviser in Barry Goldwa-ter’s 1964 presidentialcampaign.

In 1968,Campbell wasappointed to a 16-yearterm as a regent of theUniversity of Californiaand was appointed to asecond term in 1984. Heserved as chairman of

the Board of Regents in 1982–83.From 1983 to 1989, he was chairman of

the Japan-U.S. Friendship Commission.In 1997, the Institution’s National,

Public Affairs, and Peace Fellows Programwas named after W. Glenn Campbell and

Rita Ricardo-Campbell. The Campbellsestablished the Uncommon Book Awardto recognize outstanding authors with tiesto the Hoover Institution.

His memoir, The Competition of IdeasHow My Colleagues and I Built the HoovInstitution, was published in 2000.

Campbell was born April 29, 1924, inKomoka, Lobo Township, MiddlesexCounty, Ontario, Canada. He graduatedfrom the University of Western Ontario inLondon in 1944 with honors in economicsand political science and went on toHarvard.

He is survived by his wife of 57 yearRita Ricardo-Campbell, and three daugh-ters, Barbara Gray, Diane Campbell, andNancy Yaeger, three grandsons, and onegranddaughter.

The funeral service was held November29 in Los Altos; a memorial service waconducted December 11 at Stanford Uni-versity’s Memorial Church.

The family requested that contributionsbe made to the MS Awareness Foundation,Attention: Phyllis Stewart, P.O. Box 1193Venice, FL 34284 (888-336-6723) or to thecharity of the donor’s choice.

Eight Hoover Institution fellows havebeen appointed to the U.S. DefensePolicy Board Advisory Committee,

which advises national leaders on majormatters of defense policy.

The committee addresses long-term,enduring issues central to Department of Defense strategic planning and respondsto specific requests from the secretary of defense and other defense officials.Members will review and assess the long-term strategic implications of defense poli-cies in various regions of the world, thepolicy implications of current andprospective weapons and weapons classes,and the impact of U.S. defense policies onalliance military issues.

The Hoover fellows selected to serve are—Richard Allen, former national security

adviser—Martin Anderson, the Keith and Jan

Hurlbut Senior Fellow, longtime policy adviser to presidents and governors

—Gary S. Becker, the Rose-Marie and JackR.Anderson Senior Fellow,Nobel laure-ate in economics

—Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of theHouse

—Henry Rowen, former assistant secre-tary of defense for international securi-ty affairs

—George P. Shultz, the Thomas W. andSusan B. Ford Distinguished Fellow,former U.S. secretary of state

—Kiron Skinner, the W. Glenn CampbellResearch Fellow, assistant professor ohistory, political science, and publicpolicy,Carnegie Mellon University

—Pete Wilson, former California governorThey are among 29 newly appointedmembers.

Richard Perle, former assistant secre-tary of defense, chairs the committee.

The committee will advise the secretaryof defense, the deputy secretary, and theundersecretary of defense for policy.

Members, who are selected because otheir distinguished backgrounds in na-tional military affairs, are from the privatesector.

The committee meets quarterly, al-though panels drawn from the board meetat other times to address specific topicspresented by the secretary.

EIGHT FELLOWS A PPOINTED TO U.S. D EFENSE POLICY

BOARD A DVISORY COMMITTEE

C AMPBELL continued from page 1

W. Glenn Campbell



deregulation fiasco in California is that ithas given deregulation in every othermarket a bad name.”

The second panel on October 18, mod-erated by SIEPR director John Shoven, theBuzz and Barbara McCoy Senior Fellow atHoover, featured SIEPR fellow FrankWolak, an economics professor at StanfordUniversity and a leading expert on energy issues, and Vernon Smith, lead economistat the Interdisciplinary Center for Eco-nomic Science and a professor in the de-partment of economics and law at GeorgeMason University. Wolak and Smith dis-cussed increasing competition in the elec-tricity market by introducing real-timepricing.

“Price volatility in electricity is here tostay,” proclaimed Wolak. And Smithpointed out that “all utility systems are vul-nerable to what happened in California.”

October 19 featured a panel discussion,moderated by Shoven, with Hoover fellowand former California governor PeteWilson and the CEOs of two major powercompanies in California—Edison Interna-

tional and Calpine Corporation. JohnBryson, president and CEO of Edison In-ternational and former president of the

California Public Utilities Commission,and Peter Cartwright, president and CEOof Calpine Corporation, joined Wilson inpresenting perspectives from political andbusiness players involved in the unfoldingcrisis.

“Terrible design, terrible implementa-tion, and several other factors contributedto create a kind of perfect storm in thiscrisis,” said Bryson. Of the role of the statelegislature played in the crisis, he said,“Youcan’t find in the California legislature nowany person that is deeply knowledgeableabout energy in the state of California.”

Cartwright offered a sobering perspec-tive: “We’re not out of the crisis yet. Theperfect storm has been replaced by aperfect calm. But it may well be the eye of the storm.[Electricity] reserves are not ad-equate.”

Wilson,who as governor signed into lawthe California electricity deregulationplan, commented on the politics thatfueled the crisis, saying,“The flaws [in theoriginal deregulation plan] were cor-rectable [early on].The fact of the matter isthe governor did not want to be associatedwith an increase in rates.”

Wilson also warned of other impending

crises that will affect California.“We are growing, but we have not keptpace [in developing] our infrastructure.

The next crisis is going to be water,”he said“We had better beware the water crisiswhich will probably dwarf the energcrisis.”

The final panel of the conference addressed the “Dos and Don’ts of Deregula-tion” with Hoover fellow Milton FriedmanThomas W. and Susan B. Ford Distin-guished Fellow George Shultz, anSweeney. Moderated by Raisian, the panereviewed the important lessons California’electricity crisis presents for future deregulation policies.

“We need a system in which the privatesector is dominant,” said Sweeney. “We’vgot to stop taking steps to discourage theprivate sector. We need to find a way of reducing the dependency on political deci-sion making in the process.”

“There were all kinds of signals early othat the system was headed for trouble,”said Shultz, adding, “There is a tendencyfor people to say that deregulation failedThat isn’t true.What failed was a system tmanage the deregulation process. If government acquires the management of thisproblem,we’ll be in real trouble.”

Friedman summed up the feelings manyhave felt throughout the crisis: “What i

most frustrating is how often the obviousbecomes the politically impossible.”

ELECTRICITY continued from page 3

Uncommon Knowledge,the weekly publicaffairs series coproduced by the HooverInstitution and KTEH in San Jose,presentsanother season of informed public policy discussion on PBS.

Emmy-nominated host and Hooverfellow Peter Robinson has brought togeth-er leading experts for the 2001–02 seasonto discuss the most captivating issues onthe national agenda.

This season’s high-profile topics includethe war on terrorism,the ethics of stem cellresearch, the debate over slavery repara-tions, bioterrorism, reform in Russia andChina,and the future of Europe.

Among the well-known guests joiningRobinson at the Uncommon Knowledge

roundtable are former supreme alliedcommander of NATO Wesley K. Clark;Nobel laureate and Hoover fellow MiltonFriedman; Hoover fellow Timothy GartonAsh; former Speaker of the House of Rep-resentatives and Hoover distinguished vis-iting fellow Newt Gingrich; authorChristopher Hitchens; Michael McFaul,the Peter and Helen Bing Research Fellowat the Hoover Institution; former secretary of defense Robert S.McNamara; syndicat-ed radio host Michael Medved; journalistP. J. O’Rourke; former secretary of stateGeorge P. Shultz,the Thomas W.and SusanB. Ford Distinguished Fellow at theHoover Institution; and Abraham Sofaer,the George P. Shultz Senior Fellow at the

Hoover Institution.Uncommon Knowledgeis broadcast on

public television stations throughout thecountry and can also be heard on NPRWorldwide. Now in its seventh season, theshow’s reputation for excellence hasearned praise from academics as well asthe media. As Paul Gigot of the Wall Stree Journal points out: “Peter Robinson talksto intelligent people who tell him and therest of us something we didn’t, but oughtto, know. Isn’t this what television was in-vented to do?”

Episodes of the 2001–02 season oUncommon Knowledge, as well as episodefrom past seasons, can be viewed on theHoover Institution web site atwww.Hoover.org.

New Season of Uncommon Knowledge ™ on PBS



H O O V E R I N P R I N T

The lesson for the Bushadministration is that theU.S.ought not to plan fora postwar Afghanistanthat has functioningdemocratic institutions.

A more realistic plan would focus on finding,orat least accepting, an efficient authoritarianregime that would provide political stability and improve economic conditions.

Robert J. Barro, senior fellow,Business Week,Jan.21

Instead of foreboding, we should findstrength in this initial Afghan victory and freshopportunity in the different circumstances thatconfront us. Our all-volunteer forces, morale athome and support abroad are a far cry fromwhat they were during the Vietnam War.In thisfirst conflict of the new century, it is time tobanish the Vietnam ghost, once and for all.

Thomas H. Henriksen , senior fellow,Washington Times,Dec.6

After September 11, the potential for a fun-damentally new and improved relationshipbetween Russia and the West has never beengreater. However, the same was said about U.S.-Russia relations at the beginning of the lastdecade. Failure to define realistic expectationsabout the pace of partnership or failure to rec-ognize the real criteria for full Russian mem-bership in the West could lead to another round

of disappointment in U.S.-Russia relations.Michael McFaul, Peter andHelen Bing Research Fellow,San Francisco Chronicle,Dec.30

On the diplomatic side, [British prime min-ister Tony] Blair has demonstrated again howvaluable Britain can be in reaching out both to

allies and to uncertain orwavering states. Britainoften has access to and in-fluence in places wherethe United States does notor is unwelcome.

Gerald Dorfman, senior fellow,York(PA) Sunday News,Dec.4

If military tribunals have been used effec-tively in the past, what is all the hue and cry about? To some degree it is about short memory and a generation of leaders that has not experi-enced the exigencies of war. It is also about theshadowy nature of a war on terrorism and howyou bring it to a close. And,yes, the shouting isalso about politics, with many in Congresspeeved that the president did not consult themprior to issuing his executive order.

David Davenport, research fellow, Manassas(VA) Daily Journal ,Dec.6

War has another major cost, as economistRobert Higgs has noted in his bookCrisis and Leviathan: it hurts economies by giving govern-ments the opportunity and the excuse to takeon new powers—powers they don’t fully relin-quish when the war is over. During World WarII, for example,the income tax,which previous-ly had applied only to high-income people,wasimposed even on low-income people. Thefederal government also introduced withhold-ing to make it easier to collect tax money. After

the war,income taxes remained a “normal”partof everyone’s life, as did income-tax withhold-ing.

David Henderson , research fellow,San Francisco Chronicle,Dec.28

Schools that succeed with low-income pupilsdon’t generally surround them with electronics.

They engage knowledgeable and committteachers to deliver a powerful, coherent curiculum built on high standards of skills aknowledge. They are orderly, well-led placfocused on academic learning. Many of theare schools of choice—charter schools,magn

schools, private schools—that must compefor students and resources. They may depltechnology, but only as an instructional toakin to textbooks and well-stocked librashelves.

Chester E. Finn Jr.,distinguished visiting fellow,Wall Street Journal , Nov. 28

The problems related to the accession new European Union member states serve asreminder at this time of accomplishment ancelebration that for the European Central Banto have continued success, big countries munot be allowed to crowd out the influence small ones.The currency that comes into beiphysically tomorrow deserves better than to marooned on the shoals of national interest.

Melvyn Krauss,William L.ClaytoSenior Fellow,Wall Street Journal ,Dec. 31

I often see the glass as half empty, but today. I believe 2002 will bring renewed enomic growth not only in the U.S. but alsoEurope, Asia, and elsewhere. The main risknot any inherent weakness of advan

economies or even future terrorist attacks, athough these must be guarded against.The rilies in misplaced public spending and tactions that do more harm than good.

Gary S. Becker, Rose-Marie andJack R.Anderson Senior Fellow,Business Week,Dec.31

Research conducted by Hoover distinguishedvisiting fellow and Harvard economist Caro-line Hoxby has answered critics who claimthat school choice bleeds traditional publicschools of their best students.

In a recent study published in the new issueof Education Next: A Journal of Opinion and Research, Hoxby found that competition fromschool choice improved public schools’ aca-demic performance.

Hoxby’s study shows that all schoolsperform better in areas where there is vigor-ous competition among public and privateschools. She found that areas with many low-cost private school choices scored near 3 na-

tional percentile points higher in eighth-gradereading and math and nearly 4 national per-centile points higher in twelfth-grade readingand math.

Hoxby’s findings are part of the winter2001 issue of Education Next , published by theHoover Institution. The editors of EducationNext include Hoover fellow Paul E. Peterson,editor in chief, Hoover distinguished visitingfellow Chester E. Finn Jr., Jay Greene, andMarci Kanstoroom.

Members of the Hoover Institution’s KoretTask Force make up the editorial board of the journal.In addition to Hoxby,Finn,and Peter-son, task force members include Hoover

fellows Williamson M. Evers, Eric Hanusheand Terry Moe and Hoover distinguished visiting fellows John E. Chubb, Paul Hill, E.Hirsch Jr., Diane Ravitch, and Herbert Walberg.

The Koret Task Force is an elite team scholars specializing in education reform whhave been brought together by Hoover director John Raisian to address the nationadebate over public education. As part oHoover’s American Public Education Inititive, members of the Koret Task Force habeen charged with analyzing the current staof public education and finding possibilitifor meaningful reform.

E DUCATION N EXT : R ESEARCH SHOWS SCHOOL CHOICE R AISES STUDENT PERFORMANCE



R E C E N T R E L E A S E S

Currency Unions, Edited by AlbertoAlesina and Robert J.Barro

Spurred by the adoption of the euro,coun-tries have become more willing to consid-er the idea of a currency union, in whichmore than one economy shares a commonmoney,note Currency Unionscoeditor andHoover fellow Robert J. Barro and coedi-tor Alberto Alesina in their introductionto the book. As the editors explain, theconcept of “one country, one currency”has been called into question. The discus-sion has shifted toward one of desirableforms and sizes of currency unions.

In May 2000, about two dozen econo-mists assembled at the Hoover Institutionto consider basic conceptual issues aboutcurrency unions. Currency Unions(Hoover Press, 2001)summarizes the con-ference papers. The contributors—allexperts on international monetary policy—provide theoretical analyses of currency unions and other monetary regimes, including flexible and fixed ex-change rates. The papers also assess theavailable empirical evidence on the per-formance of these alternative monetary systems. The authors then draw somepolicy conclusions on the desirability of currency unions for countries in variouscircumstances.

Robert J. Barro is a senior fellow at theHoover Institution and the Robert C.Waggoner Professor of Economics atHarvard University. Alberto Alesina is aprofessor of economics and government atHarvard University,with a specialty in po-

litical economy.

The Transnational Dimension of Cyber Crime and Terrorism, Edited by AbrahamD.Sofaer and Seymour E. Goodman

The worldwide information infrastructure istoday increasingly under attack by cyber crimi-nals and terrorists—and the number, cost, andsophistication of the attacks are increasing atalarming rates. With annual damage around theworld now measured in billions of U.S. dollars,these attacks threaten the substantial and ever-growing reliance of commerce, governments,and the public on the new technology to conductbusiness, carry messages, and process informa-tion.

At a Hoover Institution conference, morethan forty members of government, industry,and academe assembled to discuss this problemand explore possible countermeasures. TheTransnational Dimension of Cyber Crime and Terrorism (Hoover Press, 2001), edited by Hoover senior fellow Abraham D. Sofaer andSeymour E. Goodman, summarizes the confer-ence papers and exchanges,addressing pertinentissues in chapters that include a review of thelegal initiatives undertaken around the world tocombat cyber crime,an exploration of the threatto civil aviation,an analysis of the constitutional,legal, economic, and ethical constraints on theuse of technology to control cyber crime, and adiscussion of the ways we can achieve security objectives through international cooperation.

Abraham D. Sofaer is the George P. ShultzSenior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and pro-fessor of law, by courtesy, Stanford Law School.He served as legal adviser to the U.S. Depart-ment of State from 1985 to 1990. Seymour E.Goodman is a professor of international affairsand computing, Georgia Institute of Technology.

14

Behind the Façade of Stalin’s CommanEconomy: Evidence from the Soviet State aParty Archives,Edited by Paul R. Gregory

“The opening of the once secret Soviet staand party archives in the early 1990s was event of profound significance,” writHoover visiting fellow Paul R. Gregory in preface to Behind the Façade of StaliCommand Economy: Evidence from the SoState and Party Archives(Hoover Press2001). “Western scholars, who previousused Kremlinology to penetrate the officiwall of secrecy, could now use the same douments as had Soviet leaders in earliperiods.”

Behind the Façade of Stalin’s CommEconomybrings together prominent scholarfrom Russia, the United States, and thUnited Kingdom—most of whom havworked with these archives since they weopened—who examine in detail such topicas the economics of the gulag, the managment of military innovation, the specifics defense budgets, the rule of law,Stalin’s hanwritten margin comments on planning documents, and internal Politburo discussionas well as other areas whose coverage counot have been imagined twenty years agThis collection of writings is an importaaddition to the scholarship on the Soviet paas well as a crucial key to Russia’s evolvfuture.

Paul R.Gregory is a distinguished visitifellow at the Hoover Institution and is thCullen Chair of Economics at the Universiof Houston.



R E C E N T R E L E A S E S

Winning Florida: How the Bush Team Fought the Battle, By Robert Zelnick

Award-winning journalist Robert Zelnick

provides an insider’s look at the controversial2000 presidential election inWinning Florida:How the Bush Team Fought the Battle(HooverPress, 2001). Detailing both the hard factsand the roller coaster of human emotions ex-perienced on both sides,Zelnick carefully re-constructs the political chess match thatensued in Florida in the days following the2000 election. He paints a vivid picture of thestrategies employed by both sides in theircontentious fight for the presidency,from theearly efforts of the Gore campaign “to delegit-imize the narrow Bush victory in Florida andoverturn the results of the contest” to thescrappy defensive measures of the Bush team.

Robert Zelnick is a research fellow at theHoover Institution and a professor of jour-nalism and acting director of the Departmentof Journalism at Boston University. Duringhis twenty-one years with ABC News, hecovered political and congressional affairsprimarily for ABC Morning News, World News Tonight/Saturday/Sunday, and ThisWeek. He has won two Gavel Awards for hiswork.

15

The Joy of FreedomBy David R.Henderson

In The Joy of Freedom: An Econom

Odyssey (Prentice Hall, 2001), Hoovefellow David R. Henderson shows hofreeing the economy from governmenintervention would actually result ihigher quality and lower costs for everything from health care to education.

If he had his way, Henderson wouleliminate Medicare, Medicaid, Social Scurity, the military draft, compulsoryunionism, the minimum wage, professional licensing for everyone fromdoctors to manicurists, mandatoryschool attendance, and taxes for publieducation—and both individuals and theeconomy would be better for it.

In chapters covering such importanissues of the day as racism, the environment, education, and health care, Hen-derson marshals solid economic theoryand history, as well as real-life examplof his own and others, to prove that government intervention—in the UnitedStates and around the globe—makematters worse.

Slovakia:From Samo to DzurindaBy Peter A.Toma and Dusan Kovác

From medieval times to the current day, histori-

cal accounts of Slovakia and the Slovak peoplehave often been either sketchy, romanticized ver-sions of a pastoral society or nationalistic, exag-gerated exaltations of the past. NowSlovakia:From Samo to Dzurinda(Studies of Nationalitiesseries,Hoover Press,2001),by Peter A.Toma andDusan Kovác, at last offers a true history of theSlovak people without prejudice: their strugglefor national identity, their aspirations for inde-pendence and economic development,and theirambition to become a democratic state.

The product of painstaking research by theauthors—Toma, a naturalized American fromSlovakia, and Kovác, a Slovak historian—thisbook is the definitive volume for English lan-guage readers who wish to acquire a more so-phisticated understanding about past andpresent Slovakia.

Peter A.Toma is a professor emeritus of polit-ical science and international relations at theUniversity of Arizona. Dusan Kovác is a histori-an and research specialist who since 1968 hasworked at the Slovak Academy of Sciences inBratislava,where he now functions as a scientificsecretary.

The Hoover Institution Newsletter is published quarterly and distributed by theHoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6010, 650/723-0603, fax, 650/725-8611.©2002 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stan-ford Junior University. Send comments and requests for information toNewsletter Editor Michele M. Horaney, APR, Manager of Public Affairs. StaPublic Affairs Writer: Caleb Offley, Newsletter Designer: Akiko Arakawa. ThHoover Institution Home Page is on the World Wide Web at www.hoover.org.

The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford Universityfounded in 1919 by Herbert Hoover, is one of the leading centers in the worlddevoted to interdisciplinary scholarship in domestic and international affairs.

H O O V E R I N S T I T U T I O N W E B S I T E S

www.hoover.org

www.hooverdigest.org

www. campaignfinancesite.org

www.imfsite.org

www.russiaeconomy.org

Comprehensive information about the Institution, its fellows, work,scholarly output, and outreach

QuarterlyHoover Digest available on-line

New topical web sites, which are constantly updated

Campaign finance reform history, regulations and legislation, courtcases, and reform proposals

Information on the International Monetary Fund

Analyzes Russia’s turbulent economic situation today

H O O V E R I N S T I T U T I O N N E W S L E T T E R

ˇ ˇ

ˇ ˇ

ˇ

ˇ ˇ



HOOVER INSTITUTIONSTANFORD U NIVERSITY

STANFORD , CA 94305-6010

N ON -P ROFIT O RG .U.S. P OSTAGE

P A I DP ERMIT N O . 114

P ALO A LTO , CA

I D E A S D E F I N I N G A F R E E S O C I E T Yinvesting in knowledge and scholarship

FELLOW R OBERT CONQUEST RECEIVES 2001 C AMPBELL BOOK A WARD

H oover fellow Robert Conquest is the2001 recipient of the W. Glenn

Campbell and Rita Ricardo-Campbell

Uncommon Book Award for his book Re- flections on a Ravaged Century, publishedby W.W. Norton & Company.

“The prize was given to my most un-common book.This book delivers a greatdeal of truth,” said Conquest, adding,“Hoover is still fighting a big academicbattle [for truth]. It’s not over yet.”

In Reflections on a Ravaged Century,Conquest examines the nature, strengths,and weaknesses of the open society andthe long struggle waged against it by suchrogue ideologies as Marxism and nation-al socialism.He looks at the Soviet record,Western misunderstanding of it, and thelong confrontation of the cold war. Con-quest warns that “the power of fanaticism

and of misunderstanding is by no meansextinct” and that the twentieth century will be a prelude to even greater evils

unless intellectuals engage in “a carefulconsideration of what needs to belearned, and unlearned.”

Conquest is a senior research fellow atthe Hoover Institution and curator of theRussian/CIS Collection of the Hoover In-stitution Library and Archives. One of Conquest’s earlier books, The Great Terror: A Reassessment , is considered thedefinitive study of Stalin’s purges. He alsowrote the acclaimed Harvest of Sorrow.

The W. Glenn Campbell and RitaRicardo-Campbell Uncommon BookAward is presented annually to an authoraffiliated with the Hoover Institutionwhose work is selected by a panel of Hoover fellows. The award is given for a

published book or other significant workon a public policy issue that, in the panel’sdetermination, meets the highest stan-

dards of scholarship at the Hoover Insti-tution.

The award was established with a giftfrom Hoover director emeritus W. GlennCampbell, who died on November 24,and Hoover senior fellow Rita Ricardo-Campbell. Campbell directed the HooverInstitution from 1960 to September 1989.

“During our period at the Hoover In-stitution, many uncommonly good schol-ars were appointed,” the Campbells saidupon establishing the award. “It seemedto us that it was appropriate that we set upan ‘uncommon book’ award with the judges being some of the most distin-guished scholars appointed during ourtenure.”

Hoover Institution Newsletter -Winter 2002

Documents

Transcript of Hoover Institution Newsletter -Winter 2002