Hoofdstuk 1Kroniek van de evolutiegedachte

ON

THE ORIGIN OF SPECIESBY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION,

OR THE

PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE,

By CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.,FELLOW OF THE ROYAL, GEOLOGICAL, ETC. SOCIETIES;

AUTHOR OF ‘JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES DURING H.M.S. BEAGLE’S VOYAGEROUND THE WORLD

LONDON:JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.

1859.

The right of Translation, is reserved

1.Predarwiniaanse evolutiegedachten

Anaximander (610-546 vC)

Xenophanes (570-490 vC)

Empedocles (430-490 vC)

Plato (424-348vC)

Aristoteles (384-322 vC)

‘de generatio animalium’

16de-17de eeuw

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

Tycho Brahe (1564-1601)

16de-17de eeuw

‘Men of sharp wits, shut up in their cells of a few authors, chiefly Aristotle, their Dictator’

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

16de-17de eeuw

Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709-1751)

Denis Diderot (1713-1784)

16de-17de eeuw

George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788)

‘De la dégéneration des animaux’

‘Histoire naturelle’ (44 vol)

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1788)

Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802)

‘Zoonomia’

‘The temple of nature’

ORGANIC LIFE beneath the shoreless wavesWas born and nurs'd in Ocean's pearly caves;First forms minute, unseen by spheric glass,Move on the mud, or pierce the watery mass;These, as successive generations bloom,New powers acquire, and larger limbs assume;Whence countless groups of vegetation spring,And breathing realms of fin, and feet, and wing

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829)

“Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres”

“Philosophie zoologique”

sentiments interieurs

overerving van verworvenkarakteristieken

tijd

vorm

transformationisme

tijd

vorm

Darwin

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

Musée National d’Histoire Naturel

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

Richard Owen (1804-1892)

Richard Owen (1804-1892)

Richard Owen (1804-1892)

James Hutton (1726-1796)

uniformitarianisme

2. Darwin & Wallace1. Predarwiniaanse evolutiegedachten

Charles Robert Darwin(1809-1882)

Alfred Russel Wallace(1823-1913)

Emma Wedgwood (1801-1896)

Wedgwood China

H.M.S. Beagle

27 dec 1831

Rhea darwinii

Galapagos spotlijster (Nesomimus spp.)

2 okt 1836

28 sept 1838

“ the population, when unchecked, goes ondoubling itself every 25 years, or increases in a geometrical ration”

Thomas Malthus, Essay on the principle of population

Alfred Russel Wallace(1823-1913)

‘On the tendency of varietiesto depart indefinetely from theoriginal type’

Charles Lyell (1797 – 1875)

Joseph Hooker (1817–1911)

ON

THE ORIGIN OF SPECIESBY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION,

OR THE

PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE,

By CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.,FELLOW OF THE ROYAL, GEOLOGICAL, ETC. SOCIETIES;

AUTHOR OF ‘JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES DURING H.M.S. BEAGLE’S VOYAGEROUND THE WORLD

LONDON:JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.

1859.

The right of Translation, is reserved

1. Evolutie

2. Gemeenschappelijke afkomst

3. Multiplicatie van soorten

4. Graduele verandering

5. Natuurlijke selectie

Samuel Wilberforce(1805-1873)

Thomas Huxley(1825-1895)

“l’Encyclique Humani generis [Pius XII, 1950] considérait la doctrine de l’ evolutionisme comme une hypothèse sérieuse, digne d’une investigation et d’une réflection approfondies à l’égal de l’hypothèse opposée …

Aujourd’hui, (…) de nouvelles connaissances conduisent àreconnaître dans la théorie de l’évolution plus qu’une hypothèse”

Message à l’acedémie pontificale des sciences

L’Osservatore Romano,29 okt 1996

John Paul II

(Wetenschappelijke) tegenkantingen :

1. Overervingsmechanisme?

(Wetenschappelijke) tegenkantingen :

1. Overervingsmechanisme?

2. Complexiteit?

William Paley (1743-1805)

Michael J. Behe

William A. Dembski

Intelligent Design

Any system of thought that denies or seeks to explain away the overwhelming evidence for design in biology is ideology, not science

Christoph Schönborn, 2005

‘Both sides ought to be properly taught . . . so people can understand what the debate is about … Part of education is to expose people to different schools of thought.’

G. W. Bush, The New York Times, aug. 2005

‘if schools also want to present students with intelligent design, I don't have any difficulty with that’

B. Nelson, aug. 2005

‘Ikzelf geloof evenmin in 'toeval'. Wat islam, jodendom, christendom verbindt is de gedachte dat er een 'schepper' is, …. Als we erin slagen om wetenschappers van verschillende geloofsrichtingen met elkaar te verbinden, kan het uiteindelijk misschien zelfs wel worden toegepast op scholen en in lessen.’

M. van der Hoeven, weblog, maart 2005

(Wetenschappelijke) tegenkantingen :

1. Overervingsmechanisme?

3. Intermediaire stappen ?

St George Jackson Mivart(1827-1900)

2. Complexiteit?

St George Jackson Mivart : ‘The genesis of species’

2. Darwin & Wallace

1. Predarwiniaanse evolutiegedachten

3. Mendel en de groei van de Nieuwe Synthese

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

glad/gerimpeld geel/groenwit/gekleurd

geel/groen glad/bultig

axiaal/apicaal

lang/kort

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

Mendel G. (1866). Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden. Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn, 4: 3-47

Hugo de Vries (1848-1935)

pangenenmutatie

William Bateson (1861-1926)

geneticasegregatieheterozygoothomozygootallelomorf

aantal

lengte

De ‘Biometrici’

Mendel

de VriesBateson

Biometrici

Fisher, Haldane, Wright

De Nieuwe Synthese

Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890-1962)

Sewall Green Wright(1889-1988)

John Burdon SandersonHaldane (1892-1964)

An inordinate fondness for beetles

populatiegenetica

Nieuwe synthese

Theodosius Dobzhansky(1900-1975)

H.B.D. Kettlewell (1901-1979)

populatiegenetica

Nieuwe synthese

systematiek

Ernst Mayr (1904-2005)

populatiegenetica

Nieuwe synthese

systematiek

paleontologie

George Gaylord Simpson(1902-1984)

“Tempo and mode inevolution”

2. Darwin & Wallace

1. Predarwiniaanse evolutiegedachten

3. Mendel en de groei van de Nieuwe Synthese

4. Verdere ontwikkelingen en conflicten

Motoo Kimura

Stephen Jay Gould

“The spandrels of San Marcoand the Panglossian paradigm”

“Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism”

evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo)