Honors BiologyModule 14

Kingdom Plantae: Anatomy and Classification

March 27,2014

Notebook check today

Through module 13

I will also be collecting lab books at the end of today’s class.

March 27, 2014 - Quiz 24

Indicate with arrows the direction of blood flow into and out of the human heart.

Can you name andidentify all of thearteries and veins ?

Blood Flow through the heart

Kingdom Plantae: Anatomy and Classification

Botany: Is the study of plants

There are many ways to look at and analyze plants.

Determine if they are….

Woody (Perennial): It has trunks and/or woody stems and it typically grows year after year.

Annual (herbaceous): These plants do not have woody parts and they typically live for only one year.

Biennial: Plants that live for two years. Typically they store food during the first season of growth and then reproduce in the second season.

When you begin to study plants

They have certain organs and tissues. They can be classified into two groups:

1. Vegetative organs: the parts of a plant (stems, roots and leaves) that are not involved in reproduction,

2. Reproductive plant organs: The parts of a plant (flowers, fruits and seeds) involved in reproduction.

Is a tomato a fruit or vegetable?

Clue:

If a food item is a reproductive plant organ, it is a fruit.

If it is a vegetative organ, it is a vegetable.

So, what is it?

A tomato is a fruit !!!

Many of the foods we call “vegetables” are seeds or containers of seeds (peas, corn)

Vegetative edibles: Carrots (roots), lettuce, celery

Plants have 4 basic kinds of tisssues

1. Meristematic tissue: contains cells that are undifferentiated (cells that have not specialized in any particular function). They can develop through mitosis into any tissue that the plant needs.

2. Ground tissue: is the most common plant tissue. These cells provide storage for starches and oils that the plant needs. Other ground tissue provides for metabolism through photosynthesis. Also cells for ground tissue help to support the plant.

3. Dermal tissue: This is generally made

out of a single layer of cells. It protects the plant by providing a shield between the environment and the plant’s internal tissues. This shield can stop many pathogenic bacterial and fungi.

It can also prevent needed chemicals inside the plant from leaking out into the environment.

The dermal tissue in the roots of a plant is also responsible for absorbing water and minerals that the plant needs.

4. Vascular tissue: This is not present in all plants. However, the majority of plants have it. It is used to carry water and dissolved material (minerals) throughout the plant. (Think of it as the same as blood vessels in animals)

A. Xylem: nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant and its leaves. (Cells have thicker walls and cells die after they mature)

B. Phloem: Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout the plant. (Cells continue to live after they mature)

Major parts of a LeafFigure 14.1

Simple and Compound LeavesFigure 14.2

A simple leaf is one leaf attached to the stem by a single petiole. A compound leaf has several leaflets attached to a single petiole.

Leaf Arrangement

3 Main Leaf Mosaics Figure 14.3

The arrangement of leaves on the stem

Botanists classify leaves using 3 characteristics:

Shape, margin and venation

Common Leaf ShapesFigure 14.4

Leaf MarginsFigure 14.5

Leaf VenationsFigure 14.6

Sample Classification

On Your Own 14.4

Page 435

Plant Structure

• http://youtu.be/zHp_voyo7MY

Plant Nutrition and Transport

http://youtu.be/bsY8j8f54I0

Great Website on Tree Identification

http://texastreeid.tamu.edu/content/howToID/#bark

Experiment 14.1

Leaf Collection and Identification

Object: To become familiar with the various trees in your area.

Homework

Read Module 14 Pages 442-458;

Answer OYO questions 14.1 – 14.10;

Answer Study Guide questions a-k and 2-11;

Quiz: Know parts of the leaf: Figure 14.1

Figure 14.3 – 14.6