PowerPoint Presentation

HONORS BIOLOGYCHAPTER ONE: Biology: Exploring Life

BiologyThe Scientific Study of Life

Characteristics of LifeAn organism must have all seven of these in order to be considered as living.1. Order2. Reproduction3. Growth and development]4. Energy Processing5. Respond to the Environment6. Regulation 7. Evolutionary adaptationORDERLiving things are made of cellsThese units help to organize their materials.

Examples of Cells

Nerve cellRed blood cellFat cellEgg and spermCheek cell2. REPRODUCTIONWhy is this so important?How do plants reproduce? How do animals reproduce?

pollenEgg and spermEuglena separateTypes of ReproductionSexual ReproductionTwo parents unite to form a new organism

Asexual ReproductionA single parent divides itself two produce offspring

3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTLiving things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA).All living things have the same bases (A, T, C, G) in their DNA-they are just in different order

Each organism has a pattern of growth and development characteristic of its species.Crecropia Moth Life Cycle Video

4. ENERGY PROCESSINGOrganisms take in energy and transform it to perform all of lifes activities.-metabolism -photosynthesis

5. RESPOND TO THE ENVIRONMENTAll organisms respond to environmental stimuli.YouTube - Venus flytrap eating a spider

Stimulus-ResponseA stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds.

6. REGULATIONLiving Things Maintain a Stable Internal EnvironmentThe environment may change, but regulatory mechanisms maintain an organisms internal environments within limits that sustain life.

Sunbathing lemur on a cool morning7. EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATIONTaken as a group, living things change over time.Adaptations evolve to allow greater reproductive success

1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATIONBiosphereAll environments on earth that support lifeEcosystemAll living organisms and nonliving in a particular areaCommunityAll living organisms in an ecosystemPopulationAll individuals of one species living in one area1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.)OrganismAn individual living thingOrgan systemSeveral organs that cooperate for a specific functionOrganMade of several tissues to perform a specific functionTissueMade of several cells that perform a particular function1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.)CellFundamental unit of lifeOrganelleMembrane-enclosed structure that performs a specific function in a cellMoleculeCluster of atoms held by chemical bondsAtomBasic unit of matterPUT IN ORDER LARGEST TO SMALLESTBiosphereEcosystemCommunityPopulationOrganism

Organ SystemsOrgansTissuesCellsMoleculesOrganelleName the Level of Organization

Emergent PropertiesWhat does it mean that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?How does that relate to this hierarchy of life?How is a person different than just its blood or its muscles?

EXAMPLESBEE HIVEOne bee does limited jobs, but together they get the hive and honey made.Bicycle PartsWhole Bicycle

DroneQueenWorker

You can get a lot farther with it put together1.3 Cells are the structural and functional units of lifeA cell is the lowest level that can have all the properties of life.

UNICELLULAR an organism that consists of only one cell EX: bacteria

MULTICELLULAR an organisms that consists of more than one cell

SYSTEMS BIOLOGYStudying the interactions of the partsNerve cell Red Blood Cells Cardiac Muscle Cells

Prokaryotic Cells have no nucleus bound in a membrane EX: bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells have a nucleus bound in a membrane EX: nerve cell EX: nerve cell, plant cell, paramecium

Prokaryotes-sole inhabitants on earth 1.5 billion years

Eukaryotes-arose about 2.1 billion years ago

So, how long ago did life begin?3.6 byaHow did the evolution of complex life begin?(4:17mins)

Fossils of 3.5byaOrganellesMembrane bound functional compartments within a cell

1.4 Organisms interact with their environment, exchanging matter and energyWhat interactions do you imagine go on here?

Energy What are the producers?Where do the plants get their food and energy?What are the consumers?What happens to the dead organisms and wastes? (HINT: decomposers)

Nutrients 1.5 Evolution, the core theme of BiologyThe unity of life is based on DNA and a common genetic codeALL CELLS HAVE DNAALL CELLS HAVE FOUR BASES THAT MAKE UP DNA (A,T, C, G)DNA is the molecule that makes up genes (units of inheritance) that group to make chromosomesDNA is the blueprint for making proteins (pigments, enzymes, membranes, hormones)