SC B -2.2: SUMMARIZE THE STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS OF ORGANELLES FOUND IN A EUKARYOTIC CELL(INCLUDING THE NUCLEUS, MITOCHONDRIA, CHLOROPLASTS, LYSOSOMES, VACUOLES, RIBOSOMES, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM [ER], GOLGI APPARATUS, CILIA, FLAGELLA, CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEAR MEMBRANE, AND CYTOPLASM

Honors BiologyChapter 7 Section 2

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Cytoplasm

Portion of the cell including everything inside cell membrane except nucleus

Cytosol: liquid portion of cytoplasm

NUCLEUS

Contains DNA with its coded instructions for making proteins so is the “control center”

most prominent structure seen with light microscope

Parts:NucleolusNuclear EnvelopeNuclear Pores

NUCLEUS

Nucleolus dense region in nucleus produces subunits of

ribosomesNuclear Envelope

dbl membrane surrounding nucleus

Outer layer contiguous with ER

Nuclear Pores holes thru envelope substances enter/leave

nucleus thru these pores

DNA in NUCLEUS

chromatin: DNA bound to proteins (called histones)

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes when cell starts cell division

RIBOSOMES

assembly site for proteins2 subunits

Small Large made separately in nucleolus exit nucleus

thru nuclear pores join when making proteins

RIBOSOMES

Considering the function of ribosomes…. What types of cells do you think would have an abundance of ribosomes in them?

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Internal membrane system2 types:1. Smooth ER (SER)2. Rough ER (RER)

SER

make membranes for cell membrane other organs

detoxifies drugs alcohol poisons

SER

So… considering the functions of SER……what types of cells can you predict might have an abundance of SER?

RER

“rough” because outer membrane is studded with ribosomes

proteins made & released into RER where they are modified (sugar groups added making a glycoprotein)

most of proteins made here are destined for export out of cell

RER

What type of cell do you think would have lots of RER?

GOLGI APPARATUS

stack of curved membranesusually found between ER and cell

membraneFunction: modify, sort, & package

material received from ER storage in cell or export out of cell

GOLGI

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=golgi+apparatus&hl=en&safe=active&biw=784&bih=382&tbm=isch&tbnid=ShmC2CvYZ4GFmM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi_apparatus&docid=JE0VZQx0vyiDdM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Human_leukocyte,_showing_golgi_-_TEM.jpg/315px-Human_leukocyte,_showing_golgi_-_TEM.jpg&w=315&h=236&ei=dWNkUNXXFqTa0QHWrYDgBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=199&vpy=60&dur=860&hovh=188&hovw=252&tx=95&ty=164&sig=108233724790608712644&page=1&tbnh=89&tbnw=119&start=0&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:73

GOLGI

In what types of cells do you think there would be an abundance of Golgi bodies?

LYSOSOMES

membrane bound vesicle that has enzymes inside

Function: breakdown of macromolecules into smaller molecules which are then recycled in cytoplasm

Where do these macromolecules come from?

Lysosomes

Where do lysosomes get the macromolecules? worn out organelles engulfed bacteria or cell debris

VACUOLES

membrane bounded storage facilityProtists (one-celled organisms) put food

particles in a food vacuole until need the nutrients

plant cells have distinctive large central vacuole that stores water and some nutrients and helps plant maintain turgor when all cells have a filled central vacuole

Vacuoles

Food Vacuole

MITOCHONDRIA

convert chemical energy in sugars ATP (high energy molecule that temporarily stores energy in form cells can use) = cellular respiration

dbl membrane intermembrane spacecristae : folds of inner membranematrix: inside folds of cristae

has own DNA (maternal) & divides on own

Mitochondria

Mitochondria

CHLOROPLASTS

in plant cellscapture energy in sunlight chemical energy

(photosynthesis)dbl membrane

intermembrane space inner membrane folds into thylakoid discs stack of discs = granum space around grana = stroma

contain chlorophyll+ DNA & divides on own

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts

CYTOSKELETON

Function: internal structure & support movement of organelles & chromosomes anchors organelles and cellsMade of proteins

3 types:1. microfilaments2. intermediate filaments3. microtubules

MICROFILAMENTS

made of actinsupports cell shapeused by protist for movement

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter4/animation_-_cytoplasmic_streaming.html

Microfilaments

Intermediate Filaments

used to move organelles around cytoplasm

MICROTUBULES

largest, strongestshaped like hollow straws with units that

spontaneously come together or fall apartused to move organelles, chromosomesmade in centrosomes

CELL ANALOGY

Eukaryotic cells are like a city: each part has a job to be done Nucleus : mayor Mitochondria: power plant Lysosomes: city dump and recycling center SER: hospital Golgi: UPS store Cytoskeleton: roads & bridges Cell Membrane: border patrol @ city limits