Honors Biology

Ch. 13 review & PosttestBacteria & VirusesCells & Diffusion

Viruses

• Structure – Protein capsid w/ DNA/RNA core• Not alive! Need host cell to reproduce DNA• Infects plants, animals, bacteria (all life)• Lytic (short) vs. Lysogenic (long) – Cell dies• Retrovirus (RNA DNA) Reverse transcription• No treatment(antibiotics), vaccines prevent• Bacteriophage – infect bacteria only

Bacteria

• Shape – cocci, bacilli, sprilla• Wall – Gram positive or negative• Nutrition – organic, inorganic, photosyn– Oil eaters, mineral eaters, cyanobacteria(O2)

• Prokaryote – no nucleus, organelles• Lg. chromosome + plasmids (antibiotic res)• Huge numbers (10x more than human cells)

Bacteria, cont…

• Treatment – antibiotics, vaccines– Overuse in agriculture, bacteria resistance up

• Probiotics (yogart)

• Archea – extremophiles(heat, salt,acid)

Cell Biology

• Membranes – lipids + proteins pumps• Ribosomes – protein synthesis• ER – transport proteins• Mitochondria – makes ATP for cell energy• Plants vs Animals• Diffusion – high to low, no energy• Active transport – low to high, energy needed